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Assistant professor,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences
Rajampet, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
bhupalam.venkatesh2005@gmail.com
T Karthikeya Sharma*
Research Scholar
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
NIT Warangal, India
karthkeya.sharama@gmail.Com
A Hemanth Kumar
Assistant professor,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences
Rajampet, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
ahkaits@gmail.com
Abstract:
In present days water scarcest is the main problem
for living beings in the globe we see world is covered by th of
water but in that we have only 1/3 rd of water is only useful for our
usage. We are using so many techniques for purifying the water but
those techniques are very costly for establishing the plant and look
over regular maintenance of the plant, it is also very difficult we
need skilled labor for that work. Due to this reasons some of them
are developed non-conventional resource of energy i.e., solar
energy(sun light) using as a energy for purifying the water it is
cheapest and easy to main for any one. In this paper we are
discussing about portable solar distillation. From 19th century
onwards the improvement of the distillation is taking place. By
adding the Sandstone and Coal as the cleaning agent of dust
particulates in water are filtered and we considered angle of the
glass plate is 230 the conduct is preferably disposed at an angle of
about 250 with the horizontal so that the system is subjected to
minimal pressure. Now are introducing new components like
ALUMINUM PLATE and COPPER WIRE for maintaining the
heat inside the still. By using this still we are in a position to
produce safe drinking water to human usage in a time intervals
even in bad conditions.
Key words: Aluminum
stone solar energy
1.1 Distillation:
In the name it-self the word tells term that distillation means a
purified liquid produced by condensation from a vapour
during distilled.
Distillation is a process to remove impurities and
collect the water through vapour phase i.e., converted from
liquid state to vapour with the help of solar energy.
Here we are doing a simple process that is separation
the impurities and collecting pure water. In the engineering
point of view in pure water having lowest boiling point phase
liquid and impurities having highest boiling point liquid phase.
After completing the heating processes with the help of solar
energy pure water (low boiling point) forms vapour state then
it collects in the container. After completion of the processes
with the help of drain tap we can remove all the impure water.
Before 2000 years ago it was invented by Aristotle
the great scientist. By purifying the sea water to pure water.
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Now when this solar still is kept under solar energy, this
solar energy, this solar energy will be fallen on transparent
cover glazing. As this is a transparent glass this passes through
glass and falls on contaminated water for 50% and then
remaining 50% will be forming on reflective surface so that
the energy will utilized in 100% and falls back on
contaminated water. Has we have black absorbing pan at the
bottom of the contaminated water the solar energy will be
observed more for black body.
2.3 Conclusion:
This paper presents a method to increase the quantity of
purified water, decreases the time consumption and production
costs. By implementing this system, we can overcome the
drawbacks of the present system.
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4.
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5.1.4 The collected water in the bottle will be again starts the
evaporation process for further amount of purification in the
bottle itself due to the high temperature in the atmosphere.
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Thermal Conductivity
of materials :
Copper
394 w/m-k
Luminum
237 w/m-k
Sand stone
International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]
Glass
0.93w/m-k
Water
Water vapour
Wood (oven-dry)
0.04w/m-k
Chemical properties
Alums are useful for a range of industrial processes.
They are soluble in water; have a sweetish taste;
react acid to litmus; and crystallize in regular
octahedra. When heated they liquefy; and if the
heating is continued, the water of crystallization is
driven off, the salt froths and swells, and at last an
amorphous powder remains. They are astringent and
acidic.
7. OBSERVATIONS and CALCULATIONS
7.1 Day-to-day evaluation:
We did experiment for two days
7.1.1 On 4/3/2013
Experiment started at 12:00pm (afternoon) and
continued up to 4pm (evening).
Initial temperature ( T1) without water = 550C
Temperature ( T2) with water
= 33.5
For total 10lits of water poured in the still having capacity
of 25lits the EVOPARATION process (Vapor) started
from the temperature of 34.10C at 12:15pm onwards. At
the end of the experiment on that day at evening 4pm, due
to the glass thickness we took 6mm and collected 55ml
pure distilled water within 3hrs 10mins duration in the
surrounding temperature. According to the surrounding
temperature also the collection of water takes place.
7.1.2 On 5/3/2013
Experiment started at 9am (morning) and done up to next
day morning 9am.
STEP 1:
ESTIMATION OF HARDNESS OF WATER:
PROCDURE : Take 20 ml of given sample of standard
hard water is piped out into a conical flask.5ml of
Ammonical Buffer and few drops of EBT indicator is
added . Then titrate against EDTA solution until the Wine
Red changes to deep Blue color until titration is continued
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2.
Volume of
standard hard
water (ml)
1
2
20
20
Burette Readings
Initial
reading
0
0
Final
reading
10.7
10.7
Burette
volume
EDTA
consumed
V1(ml
10.7
10.7
STEP 2:
Estimation of Total Hardness in Impure Water:
PROCDURE: Take 20 ml of given sample of impure
water is piped out into a conical flask.5ml of ammonical
buffer and few drops of EBT indicator are added. Then
titrate against EDTA solution until the wine red changes
to deep blue color until titration is continued to concerned
values are obtained. Let the volume of EDTA consumed
V2.
1.
2.
20
20
Burette Readings
Initial
reading
0
0
Final
reading
5.6
5.6
= 523.36 46.72
= 476.64 ppm (parts per million)
According to these calculations Temporary Hardness in
Distilled Water is 476.64 ppm which means that the salt
content in the water is 0.5 mg of CaCO3. Its proved that
quantity of salt is present in the drinking water.
Burette
volume
EDTA
consumed
V1(ml
5.6
5.6
CALCULATION:
1ml of EDTA
= 20/V2 mg of CACO3
= 20 /5.6 mg of CACO3
= 3.5714 mg of CACO3
1ml of given Impure water = (V2/ V1) 1000 mg/L
= (5.6/10.7) 1000 mg/L
= 523.36 mg/L
STEP 3:
Estimation of Total Hardness in pure (distilled) water:
1.
20
Burette Readings
Initial
reading
Final
reading
0.5
Materials
Qty
Cost
Wood
1*1200
1200
Aluminum sheet
1*180
180
Copper wire
1* 250
250
1*290
290
P.V.C. Channel
1*60
60
M-Seal
22*10
220
3*55
165
Couplings
2*10
20
Fabrication
275
275
10
Stationary
200
200
2860/-
CONCLUSION
In this project, the modification solar distillation units
are done by fabrication and other available metals to
produce more heat in the unit. To increase the efficiency,
to decrease the time consumption and to maintain the
constant heat even in the bad weather also to get pure
water without any harm. By the results from the above
steps we can obtain the data.
S.no.
Total
S.NO
0.5
0.5
CALCULATION:
S.NO
20
Burette
volume
EDTA
consumed
V1(ml
0.5
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References:
[1] "Dimethyldichlorosilane and the Direct Synthesis of
Methylchlorosilanes, Organometallics, vol.20, pp97892, 2001.
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