Housing notes Unit 1 and 2

HOUSING
It is a physical unit which consumes land, provides shelter, demand provision of physical
services and social facilities.
DWELLING UNIT
Living quarters consisting of contiguous rooms intended for convenient, long-term
occupancy by one family and providing complete, independent facilities for living, eating,
cooking, sleeping and sanitation.
NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
Homogenous structure of housing and interrelationship is stronger. The concept of the
neighbourhood as a distinctive residential area was advanced by Clarence Perry in 1929 and has
been used in the planning of new towns. The town is planned to contain units of between 5000
and 10000 people, each unit having its own low-order centre supplying convenience goods,
medical facilities, and primary education, all within walking distance. Through traffic is
discouraged. Most of the early British new towns were designed on this principle, with the aim of
fostering a sense of community in each neighbourhood unit. The development of neighbourhood
units has not always proved to be successful; not every resident prefers to live entirely within a
restricted area, while others argue that this form of planning discourages the integration of all the
neighbourhoods into the new town.
NO OF HOUSEHOLD
Individuals in a single dwelling unit.
HOUSING NEED
Necessity of the society. Housing need estimation is done considering the present deficit
(including housing backlog)and gradual need for more housing with population growth in the
city.
Housing need is established with following premises:
Housing Surplus or Deficit = (Total Households Existing Residential Units + Dilapidated
Units + Houseless Households) + Vacant Houses
HOUSING DEMAND
It is the will, affordability of the person in terms of cost. Demand depends of population
growth, demographic structure income, housing preferences, house tax and its investment.
Three types of demand
Stock demand
No of households and certain proportion of households.
Direct growth
Depends on population and demographic structure
Replacement demand
A demand representing replacement of items consumed or worn out. Deals with houses
which have become obsolete.
SUBSIDY
A sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or
business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive.

CROSS SUBSIDY
The use of profits from one activity to cover losses from another. The profit from HIG
development can be used for LIG housing development.

GROSS DENSITY =
No of persons per acre over the whole of a defined area including public buildings, large open
spaces and half the width of surrounding roads.
- Total residential units / total development land area

NET DENSITY =
No of persons per acre area including small garden patches, internal roads, half of the width of surrounding roads.
- Total residential units / total residential land area (excludes roads, open spaces, and
other uses)

RESOURCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Land
Finance
Labour
Technology
Materials

( How will you optimize the resources ?)

HOUSING AGENICES
State Government Bodies
1. Housing Boards/Corporations.
2. Rural Housing Boards/Corporations.
3. Slum Clearance Boards.
4. Development Authorities.
5. Improvement Trusts.
6. Municipal Corporations/Councils.
7. Police Housing Corporations.

Co-operative Societies
Groups of house seeking persons combine and form a legal body .the society works with in
the rules and regulation imposed and framed by its members and its working is examined and
supervised by government department.
1. Joint Sectors.
2. Individuals (Retail).
HUDCO
The housing and urban development sector plays a significant role in the
economic and social development of a country. The access to and the quality of housing
and urban basic services directly influence the quality of life of people, their productivity
levels and growth potential.
Before the establishment of HUDCO, the Government of India was operating a number
of subsidized housing schemes and loan schemes. The subsidized housing schemes were
meant for industrial workers, economically weaker section of the society and slum
dwellers, while the loan schemes were targeted for the people in the low-income and
middle-income groups as well as rental housing schemes for State Government
employees. All these schemes were under the direct control of the Ministry of Works and
Housing. Such a system of housing finance did not give the required thrust for promoting
housing development activities, which in many cases were considered of lower priority.
Towards the close of the 1960s, it was realized the need of a setting up a housing
organization in the country as the availability and cost of bank credit were the prime
constraints in this developmentIt was in this context that a decision was taken at the
highest level to set a Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) which
could take a comprehensive look at the need of the sector and find workable and effective
solutions.
The establishment of HUDCO in 1970 as a sectoral institution for comprehensively
dealing with the problems of growing housing shortages, rising number of slums and for
fulfilling the pressing needs of the economically weaker section of the society was one of
the significant steps in the series of initiatives taken by Government. Thus the setting up
of HUDCO was aimed at accelerating the pace of construction and elimination of
housing shortages and for orderly development of urban centres.
The Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd. (HUDCO) was incorporated on
April 25, 1970 under the Companies Act 1956, as a fully owned enterprise of the
Government of India.
Hudco is concentrating on
1. Urban housing
Loans for urban housing schemes are provided to housing boards,
development authorities, city improvement trusts, municipal corporations, public sector
undertakings, state governments and other such organisations for the construction of
houses/flats and development serviced plots including site and services, skeletal
housing and core housing schemes.

2.
Rural housing
Financial assistance is available to any state govt.agency such as housing board, rural
housing board, district boards, panchayat, taluka development board etc. which is
nominated by the state govt. for undertaking such schemes with hudco's financial
assistance.
3.
Co-operative housing
Under such schemes, HUDCO lends money to the state level housing finance societies
& the housing boards for undertaking housing projects for members of cooperative
societies according to norms available of Urban Housing Schemes.
4.
Community toilets
The programme is for funding of construction of Community Toilets and Sanitation
facilities for the benefit of floating population and the public in general. The scheme is
for construction of community toilets in Schools/Institutes/ Hospitals/busy market
places/Bus stands/Rilway Stations/slums etc
5.
Slum up gradation
The loans under such schemes are given to the housing boards, slum clearance board,
development authorities, improvement trusts, local bodies etc.To help the urban poor
for upgradation/improvment of slum as well as housing in inner city areas which are
predominantly inhabited by low income groups.
6.
Staff housing
Loans under staff housing schemes are provided to corporate employers, both in the
public & private sectors & to statutory bodies for the construction of houses for sale or
on a hire-purchase basis for their employees. Besides these, employees covered by the
Central Govt. Insurance Schemes, Local agencies, Employees Co-operative Societies
etc. are also eligible for HUDCO loans
7.
Repairs and renewal
UDCO financial assistance is available to housing boards, slum clearance boards,
development authorities, improvement trusts, local bodies and any other agency
authorised by state govt. for repairs & renewal mainly consisting of structural repairs to
old & dilapidated building such as : Strengthening of the structures. Replacement or
repairs of roof. Replacement or repairs of fittings i.e. Sanitary and Water Supply
installation etc. Any other item necessary for maintaining the building in sound
condition as per municipal byelaws & for provision of essential amenities to the
residents.
8.
Private sector
Private builders are eligible for project linked loan assistance from HUDCO for
undertaking housing & commercial projects including land development &
construction, for the benefit of the general public on excess land allowed to be retained
by the Competent Authority in terms of Section 20 & 21 of the Urban Land (Ceiling &
Regulation) Act 1976 & also on any other land.
8.
Takeout finance
Hudco provides 'Take out finance' for housing & infrastructure projects to state govt. ,
public agencies & private corporate sector agencies, which are, otherwise eligible for
fresh loans from HUDCO, for paying off their higher cost bearing loan.
9.
Land acquisition

With a view to supplement the efforts of housing agencies to facilitate their housing
activities in the country, HUDCO provides financial assistance for land procurement to
the regular borrowing agencies like housing boards & devt. authorities.

Preference is given to land acquisition proposals intended to benefit

economically weaker sections & low income groups in urban areas &
predominantly utilize the land so acquired for housing schemes to be financed
by HUDCO.
10.
Housing Programmes.
Under the Housing Programme of GOI, which was started since 1998-99,
HUDCO has been entrusted for providing loan assistance for construction of 6 lakhs
houses in Rural areas and 4 lakhs houses in urban areas out of 13 lacs houses in rural
areas and 7 lacs in urban areas envisaged under the programme.
11.
Interest rates Loans in subsidized interest rate
12. Building technology
Technology transfer of affordable and cost effective technologies from la to
land. Skill upgradation and training to construction workers on conventional and
innovative
technologies. Production and marketing of building materials
and their components.
Construction of cost effective houses/buildings for
various uses
State Housing Boards

To achieve the goal of urban and housing development, several housing boards
and development authorities have emerged in the wake of the rising need for housing
facilities in India.
Andhra Pradesh Housing Board ,
Bihar State Housing Board
Chandigarh Housing Board
Chhattisgarh Housing Board
Delhi Development Authority
Himachal Pradesh Housing & Urban Development Authority
Housing Board Haryana
Karnataka State Housing Board
Kerala State Housing Board
Madhya Pradesh Housing Board
Maharashtra Housing & Area Development Authority
Orissa State Housing Board
Punjab Urban Planning & Development Authority
Rajasthan Housing Board
Sikkim Urban Development & Housing Department
Tamil Nadu Housing Board
Uttar Pradesh Housing Board

Types of houses
Row houses
One of a series of houses, often of similar or identical design, situated side by side and
joined by common walls.
Duplex
A duplex house is defined as a dwelling having apartments with separate entrances for
two families. This includes two-story houses having a complete apartment on each floor and also
side-by-side apartments on a single lot that share a common wall.
Cluster houses
Patio house
One storey L shaped house on square lot with sleeping areas in one direction living
areas on the other and the service areas ( kitchen) at the intersection. The space enclosed by these
tow legs is the patio.
Maisonnette
Dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more.
families. Apartment, usually of two floors connected by an internal staircase; duplex apartment.
Terraced house
The terraced house was a development where the houses could still be built relatively
economically, as they shared walls and roofs, and often roof spaces too, but each house could
have a back yard or garden.
Detached houses
a detached (house, home, or dwelling) means that the building does not share an inside
wall with any other house or dwelling. It has only outside walls and does not touch any other
dwelling.
Semi detached
Consists of pairs of houses built side by side as units sharing a party wall and usually in
such a way that each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin.
Cluster
Subdivision technique in which detached dwelling units are grouped relatively close
together, leaving open spaces as common areas.