Chapter 3

3.1 Understanding and applying the concepts of relative atomic mass and relative molecular
mass.

State the meaning of relative atomic mass based on carbon-12 scale.

1.

Which set of subatomic particles contributes mainly to the mass of an atom?

A Protons and electrons
B Neutrons and electrons
C Protons and neutrons
D Electrons only.

2.

The number of times an atom of an element heavier than another atom is called its
A proton number
B mass number
C relative atomic mass
D nucleon number

3.

The unit for relative atomic mass is

A nanogram
B atomic mass unit , a.m.u
C gram
D no unit

4.

In I.U.P.A.C system, the relative atomic mass of an atom is based on an atom of

A hydrogen
B carbon-12
C carbon-13
D carbon-14

5.

Which one of the following formulae is correct for the relative mass of a sodium atom?
I

mass of a sodium atom

x 12
mass of a carbon-12 atom

II mass of a sodium atom

1/12 x mass of a carbon-12 atom
III mass of a carbon-13 atom
Mass of a sodium atom
IV 1/12 x mass of a carbon-12 atom
mass of a sodium atom
A
B
C
D

6.

I only
I and II only.
II1 and IV only
1 and IV only

The meaning of relative molecular mass based on carbon-12 scale.

The molecular mass of a molecule is defined as the
A total number of molecules present in 1 g of the substance.
B total mass of each particle in a molecule.
C the number of atoms found in a molecule.
D the average mass of each particle in a molecule.

7.

Which one of the following formulae is correct for the relative molecular mass of a compound?
I mass of one molecule of compound
1/12 x mass of a carbon-12 atom
II 13 x mass of one molecule of a compound
Mass of a carbon-13 atom
III

mass of one atom of carbon-12

12 x mass of one molecule of compound

IV

12 x mass of one molecule of compound

mass of a carbon-12 atom

A
B
C
D
8.

9.

III only
I and II only
II and III only.
I and IV only

The relative molecular mass of a substance is determined by

A adding all the relative atomic mass of all elements in the molecule.
B subtracting the smallest atomic mass from the largest atomic mass of the elements.
C adding the relative atomic mass of all the protons in each atom of the molecule
D adding the relative atomic mass of neutrons and electrons in the molecule
State why carbon-12 is used as a standard for determining relative atomic mass and relative
molecular mass.
Which one of the elements was chosen in I.U.P.A.C system for determining the relative atomic
mass of an atom or molecule?
A hydrogen
B carbon-12
C carbon-13
D carbon-14

10. Which one of the elements was NOT used as a standard in determining the relative atomic mass
of an atom or molecule?
A hydrogen
B oxygen
C sodium
D carbon-12
11. Carbon-12 is chosen in favour of hydrogen as a standard in determing relative atomic mass and
relative molecular mass in 1961 because
A hydrogen is the lightest element.
B the mass of hydrogen is 1.0008
C carbon-12 is a more stable element
D carbon-12 is an abundant element

Calculate the relative molecular mass of substances

12. Calculate the mass of oxygen in 8.8 g of pure carbon dioxide. [ Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O,
16]
A 3.2 g
B 4.4 g
C 6.4 g
D 7.6 g
13. The relative molecular mass of magnesium carbonate, MgCO 3 is
[ Relative atomic mass ; Mg, 24; C, 12; O, 16 ]

A
B
C
D

26
52
84
156

14. Calculate the percentage by mass of water in a molecule of hydrated sodium carbonate crystal,
Na2CO3.10H2O. [ Relative atomic mass: Na, 23; C, 12; O, 16; H, 1 ]
A 16.98 %
B 33.96 %
C 58.89 %
D 62.93 %
3.2 ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF MOLES WITH THE NUMBER
OF PARTICLES.

Define a mole as the amount of matter that contain as many particles as the number of atoms in
12g of carbon-12.

15. The amount of matter that contains as many particles as the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon12 is known as
A one molecule
B one mole
C one molar
D one molarity
16. Which one of the following reasons explain why mole is chosen as a unit of measurement by
chemist?
A The number of particles in a matter can be counted physically.
B The chemical reaction among particles occur at a fixed proportion.
C Mole is the smallest unit
D Mole cannot be converted into grams

State the meaning of Avogadro constant

17. The value of Avogadro constant is

A 6.02 x 1022
B 6.02 x 1023
C 6.02 x 1024
D 6.02 x 1025
18. A chemistry textbook has the following statement printed

12g of an carbon contains 6.02 x 1023 Q of carbon.

Which one of the following words is most suitable to replace Q in the above statement?
A grams
B milligrams
C atoms
D moles

Relate the number of particles in 1 mole of a substance with the Avogadro constant.

19. Which of the following substances contains 6.02 x 1022 atoms?

I 1 mole of oxygen gas
II 1 mole of nitrogen gas
III 1 mole of sodium metal

IV 1 mole of magnesium metal

A I and II only.
B I and III only
C II and III only
D III and IV only
20. The mass of aluminium, 2713 Al, that contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms of aluminium is
A 13.0 g
B 14.0 g
C 27.0 g
D 40.0 g
21. Which of the following statements are true about Avogadro constant?
I
1 mole of an element contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules
II 1 mole of a compound contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms
III 1 mole of an element contains 6.02 x 10 23 atoms
IV 1 mole of a compound contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules
A
B
C
C

I only
II only
I and II only
III and IV only

3.3 ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF A SUBSTANCE

WITH ITS MASS.

State the meaning of molar mass

22. The molar mass is defined as the

A number of particles present in the compound.
B percentage by mass of each element in a compound.
C ratio of component elements in the compound.
D mass of 1 mole of units of a substance.
23. The molar mass of carbon-12
I has exactly a mass of 12.0 g
II is equivalent to 1 mole of carbon-12
III contains 6.02 x 1023 atoms
IV is the mass of an atom of carbon-12
A
B
C
D

I and II only.
I and III only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV

Relate molar mass to the Avogadro constant.

24. Given that the molar mass of carbon-12 is 12.0 g, what is the mass ( in grams) of one carbon-12
atom? [ Avogadro constant : 6.02 x 1023 ]
A
B
C
D

12 x 6.02 x 10 -23
6.02 x 1023 / 12
12 / 6.02 x 1023
12 x 6.02 x 1023

25. In the expression

1 mole X
6.02 x 1023 of X atoms

=P

the value of P is
A 0
B 0.1
C 1.0
D 6.02

Relate the molar mass of a substance to its relative atomic mass or relative molecular mass

26. Which of the following statements are true about an element ,

I its molar mass is 23 g
II its relative atomic mass is 23
III its molar mass is 23
IV its relative atomic mass is 23g
A
B
C
D

23
13

Na?

I only
II only
I and II only
II and III only

27. The composition of an atom Q and an atom R is as follows:

Number of
protons
neutrons
electrons

Q
13
14
14

R
8
8
8

Which of the following statements are true about the compound Q 2R3?
I
II
III
IV
A
B
C
D

It has a molar mass of 102 g.

Its relative molecular mass is 102.
A molecule of Q2R3 is 102 times heavier than a carbon-12 atom.
102 g of Q2R3 contains 5 x 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
I and II only.
II and III only
I, II, and III only
I, II and IV only

28. The molar mass of helium, 42 He is 4 g. The relative atomic mass of helium is
A 2
B 2g
C 4
D 4g

Solve numerical problems to convert the number of moles of a given substance to its mass and
vice versa.

29. What is the mass of one mole of bromine gas at room conditions? [ Relative atomic mass: Br,
81 ]
A
B
C
D

81 g
162 g
243 g
324 g

30. How many moles of hydrogen atoms does 1.5 g of ethane, C 2H6 contain? [ Relative atomic
mass : C, 12; H, 1 ]

A
B
C
D

0.05
0.1
0.3
0.5

31. Which one of the following substances has the same mass as 0.125 mole of sulphur?
[ Relative atomic mass : C, 12; O, 16, Mg, 24; S, 32, H, 1]
A 0.5 mole of magnesium.
B 0.2 mole of carbon dioxide,CO2?
C 0.4 mole of water, H2O
D 0.1 mole of magnesium oxide, MgO
3.4 ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF A GAS WITH ITS
VOLUME.

State the meaning of molar volume of a gas.

32. Which of the following factors affect the volume occupied by a gas?
I pressure
II temperature
III number of moles
IV colour of the gas
A
B
C
D

I and II only.
II and III only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV

33. At the same temperature and pressure, equal volume of hydrogen gas (H 2) and ozone gas (O3)
have
A different number of molecules
B same number of atoms
C same number of molecules
D same mass
34. A molar volume of any gas at standard temperature and pressure condition is
A 22.4 cm3
B 2240 cm3
C 22,400 cm3
D 6.02 x 1023

Relate molar volume of gas to the Avogadro constant.

35. The relative atomic mass of helium is 4. A molar volume of helium gas contains
A 8 g of helium
B 3.01 x 1023 atoms.
C 6.02 x 1022 atoms
D 6.02 x 1023 atoms.
36. 1.12 dm3 of carbon dioxide at s.t.p will have the same number of atoms as
I 1.68 dm3 of hydrogen gas, H2
II 3.36 dm3 of argon, Ar
III 1.68 dm3 of nitrogen gas, N2
IV 1.12 dm3 of ozone gas, O3
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12; O, 16;, H, 1]
A I and II only
B II and III only

C I, II and III only

D I, II, III and IV

Calculate the volume of gases at s.t.p at room conditions from the number of moles and vice
versa.

37. 60g of ethane gas, C2H6, has a volume of M dm3, at room conditions. What is the mass of
propene gas, C3H6, that has equal volume ,M dm3, at room conditions?
[ Relative atomic mass: C, 14; H, 1; 1mole gas at room condition= 24 dm3 ]
A 42g
B 60g
C 63g
D 84g
38. Calculate the ratio of the volume of 28g nitrogen gas, N2, to the volume of 16g of methane, CH4,
both volumes measure at room conditions. [Relative atomic mass: N, 14; C, 12;H, 1 ]
A 1:2
B 2:1
C 1:1
D 1:3
39. What is the volume of 16.2g of bromine gas , Br2, at room conditions? [ Relative atomic
mass:Br;81, 1 mole gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions ]
A 2.4dm3
B 4.8 dm3
C 22.4cm3
D 480 cm3

Solve the numerical problems of particles , number of moles, mass of substance and volume of
gases at s.t.p or room conditions.

40. Which one of the following gases have equal volumes at s.t.p? [Relative atomic mass: H,1; O,16;
N, 14:, Ar, 39]
I 1g of hydrogen gas,H2
II 8 g of oxygen gas,O2
III 7g of nitrogen gas,N2
IV 39g of argon gas, Ar
A
B
C
D

I and II only.
I and III only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV

41. One mole of carbon dioxide, CO2, and one mole of magnesium oxide, MgO, have the same
A mass
B number of moles
C number of molecules
D volume at room conditions
[ Relative atomic mass: Mg,24; O, 16; C, 12]
42. The number of hydrogen atoms present in 3.2g of methane gas, CH4, is
A 1.204 x 1023
B 2.408 x 1023
C 4.816 x 1023
D 6.02 x 1023
[Relative atomic mass: C,12; H, 1]

3.5 SYNTHESIZING CHEMICAL FORMULAE

State the meaning of chemical formula.

43. A chemicalformula shows

I the number of atoms in it.
II the symbols of the elements in it.
III the type of elements in it
IV the mass of each atom
A
B
C
D

I and II only
II and III only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV

44. Ethanoic acid has a chemical formula of CH3COOH.

What are the conclusions that can be made based on the chemical formula? [Relative atomic
mass: C, 12, H, 1;O, 16]
I The ratio of carbon:hydrogen:oxygen is 1:2:1
II There are 3 types of atom in a molecule.
III It has a total of 8 atoms in a molecule
IV It has a mass of 60g.
A
B
C
D

I, II and IV only.
II, III and IV only
I, II and III only
I, II, III and IV

State the meaning of empirical formula.

45. The empirical formula shows the

A actual number of atoms
B actual rate of the elements involved in a compound
C simplest rate of the elements involved in a compound
D how each atom is attached in a molecule of the compound
46. The table below shows 3 sets of compounds and their chemical formulae.
Set P

Butene,C4H8, hexene, C6H12

Set Q

Glucose, C6H12O6

Set R

Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, Butanoic acid, C3H7COOH

Which is the correct empirical formula for the compounds in Set P, Set Q and Set R
respectively?

A
B
C
D

Set P

Set Q

Set R

C3H6
C2H4
CH2
C3H6

CH2O
CH2O
CH2O
CH2O

CH2O
CH4O
CH2O
CHO2

State the meaning of molecular formula

47. The molecular formula of hexane is C6H12. Based on the molecular formula, which one of the
following statements about hexane is true? [ Relative atomic mass: C, 12; H, 12 ]
A A molecule of hexane has a total of 18 atoms.
B A molecule of hexane has 12 molecules of hydrogen.
C A molecule of hexane has 6 molecules of carbon.
D Its relative molecular mass is 86.
48. Which of the following information are needed to calculate the molecular formula of compound
X?
I The empirical formula of X
II The density of X
III The molar mass of X
IV The structural formula of X
A
B
C
D

I and III only

I and IV only
I and II only
II and IV only

49. The molecular formula of a compound provides the following information

A The physical state of the compound at room conditions.
B The purity of the compound.
C The number of atoms of each element in a unit of the compound.
D The relative atomic mass of each element in a unit of the compound.

Determine the empirical and molecular formulae of substances.

50. Phosphous forms 2 different compounds with chlorine namely Compound R and Compound S.
Compound R contains 85.13 % of chlorine by mass and Compound S contains 77.45% of
chlorine by mass. Which one of the following sets is the correct empirical formula of Compound
R and Compound S?
[ Relative atomic mass : P, 31, Cl, 35.5 ]
A
B
C
D

PCl3
PCl
PCl5
P2Cl3

PCl5
PCl3
PCl3
PCl

51.

28.6g of a hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O contains 18.0g of water of crystallization.

Which is the correct molecular formula of the hydrated compound?
[ Relative atomic mass : Na , 23; C, 12; O, 16; H, 1 ]
A Na2CO3. 3H2O
B Na2CO3. 5H2O
C Na2CO3. 7H2O
D Na2CO3. 10H2O

52.

44g of a sample of an oxide of cooper contains 1.28g of copper. What is the empirical formula of
this oxide of copper? [ Relative atomic mass: Cu, 64; O, 16 ]
A
B
C
D

53.

CuO
CuO2
Cu2O
Cu2O3

Figure ___ shows an experiment to determine the molecular formula of an iron chloride. Dry
chlorine gas is passed over heated iron powder.
The results of the experiment are as follows:
Mass of empty crucible
Mass of crucible + iron powder before heating
Mass of crucible + iron chloride after heating

= 20.20 g
= 17.05 g
= 30.50 g

Based on the result above, what is the molecular formula of iron chloride? [ Relative atomic
mass: Fe, 56; Cl, 35.5 ]
A
B
C
D

FeCl
Fe2Cl2
FeCl3
Fe2Cl3

Compare and contrast empirical formula with molecular formula.

54.

Figure __ shows the molecular formula of a glucose molecule.

The empirical formula of glucose is

A CHO
B CH2O
C C2H4O
D C6H12O6

55.

Which of the following compounds have an empirical formulae of CH2?

I
hexene, CH2CHCH2CH2CH2CH3
II
pentane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
III
benzene C6H6
IV
propene, CH2CH2CH3
A
B
C
D

56.

Figure __ shows the structure of a molecule of butene. Which of the following statements are
true ?
I
II
III
IV
A
B
C
D

57.

I and III only

I and IV only
II and III only
II and IV only

Its molecular formula is C4H8.

Its empirical formula is CH2
Its molar mass is 56g
A molecule of butene has 12 atoms.
I and II only.
II and III only.
I, II and III only.
I, II, III and IV

Solve numerical problems involving empirical and molecular formulae.

Ljmonene, an organic compound found in lemon oil has s structural formula as shown in the
figure below.

What is the empirical formula of limonene?

A C10H16
B (CH3)2(CH2)4(CH)2CHC2
C C5H8
D CH6
58.

The maximum mass of iron that can be obtained from 84.8g of iron oxide, Fe3O4 is
[ Relative atomic mass: F2, 56; O, 16]
A 10.8g
B 33.6g
C 56.0g
D 168g

59.

A farmer mixed 3 chemical fertilizers, namely, urea , CO(NH 2)2, ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 and
ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4. Which one of the following sets of fertilizers have equal
number of nitrogen atoms per molecule?
A
B
C
D

60.

urea and ammonium nitrate

urea and ammonium sulphate
ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate
urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate.

8g of hydrocarbon P , on complete combustion yields 22.0g of carbon dioxide and 18.0g of

water. The molecular formula of P is
[Relative atomic mass: C, 12; H, 1 ]

A
B
C
D

61.

Write ionic formulae of ions.

Which of the following ions are cations?
I
Li+
II
Ag+
III
CH3COOIV
SO42A
B
C
D

62.

C2H2
CH4
C3H8
C2H4

I and II only/
II and III only.
III and Iv only.
I, II and III only.

The following are several characteristics of an ion P.

Consists of two negative charges
Consists of sulphur and oxygen atoms
Ratio of sulphur to oxygen atoms is 2:3
From the information above, it be deduced that the ionic formula of the ion P is
A SO2
B S2C SO42D S2O32-

63.

Construct chemical formulae of ionic compounds.

The total number of positive charges in a molecule of aluminium oxide, Al 2O3, is
A
B
C
D

64.

Ammonium phosphate is commonly used as a fertilizer compound. It consists of ammonium

ions and phosphate ions. The chemical formula of ammonium phosphate is
A
B
C
D

65.

NH4PO4
(NH4)3PO4
(NH4)3(PO4)3
(NH4)3PO4

An ionic compound, P, has a chemical formula KHCO3. Which one of the following sets ions are
found in P?

A
B
C
D

+2
+3
+6
+9

Cation

Anion

K+
KH+
K+
KH2+

HCO3CO3CO32CO32-

State the names of chemical compounds using IUPAC nomenclature.

66.

Chemical P has a molecular formula , KMnO4. The chemical name of P, according to IUPAC
system is
A potassium manganate
B potassium manganese oxide
C potassium mangganat (VII)
D potassium mangganat (IV)

67.

Vanadium (V) oxide is used as a catalyst in and industrial process in manufacturing sulphuric
acid. Its molecular formula is
A VO
B VO5
C V2O5
D V5O

68.

The correct IUPAC nomemclature for naming a chemical compound with molecular formula of
NaCl is
A sodium (I) chloride
B sodium chloride (I)
C sodium chloride
D sodium monochloride

3.6 INTERPRETING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS.

69.

State the meaning of chemical equations

Pick the correct statement or statements that describe the meaning of chemical equation.
I
The equation identified the reactants on the left and the products of the reaction on
the right.
II
The products of a chemical reaction are written on the left of the chemical equation.
III
A chemical equation need not be balanced
IV
A chemical equation follows the Law of Conservation of Mass.
A
B
C
D

70.

I only.
IV only
I and III only.
I and IV only.

A chemical equation can be represented by

A ( aq)

B(aq)

C(aq)

+ D(s)

It can be deduced from the above equation that

I
A and B are the reactants.
II
C and D are the products.
III
D is a precipitate
IV
Heat is given off in the reaction
A
B
C
D
71.

I and II only
II and III only
II and IV only
I, II, III and IV only

Which one of the following knowledge is NOT needed in order to write a balanced chemical
equation?
I
The type of reactants and their chemical formulae.

II
III
IV
A
B
C
D

The type of products and their chemical formulae.

The concentration of the reactants.
The concentration of the products.
I and II only.
II and III only
I and IV only
III and IV only

Identify the reactants and products of a chemical equation.

72.

Sodium metal burns in air to form sodium oxide. Which one of the following chemical equations
represents the reaction correctly?
A Na2 + O Na2O
B 2Na + O Na2O
C 4Na + O2 2Na2O
D Na2 + 1/2O2 Na2O

73.

The equation below is written by a student for the reaction between magnesium metal and dilute
hydrochloric acid. The equation is incorrect because
I
the formula of hydrochloric acid is incorrect.
II
the equation is not balanced.
III
the formula of one fo the products is incorrect.
IV
the physical state of each reactant and product is not written.
A
B
C
D

74.

I and II only.
I and III only
III and IV only
II , III and IV only

The reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and dilute hydrochloric acid is represented
by the chemical equation:
Na2S2O3 (aq)

+ 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq)

+ S (s)

SO2 (g)

+ H2O (l)

It can be concluded from the equation that

I
II
III
IV

the reactants are sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid.

the products are sodium chloride, sulphur, sulphur dioxide and water.
sodium chloride, sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid are solutions.
sulphur precipitates are formed and sulphur dioxide gas is released.

A I and II only.
B I, II and III only.
C I, III and IV only.
D I, II, III and IV
75. When sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen, sulphur trioxide is formed, accoding to the equation
below.
2SO2 (g)

O2 (g)

- 2SO3 (g)

Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the quantity of reactants and product
of this reaction? [ Relative atomic mass : S, 32; O, 16 ]
A 1 mole of sulphur dioxide gas reacts with 1 mol of oxygen.
B 2 moles of sulphur dioxide reacts with excess oxygen to form 1 mole of sulphur trioxide gas.
C 6.4 g of sulphur dioxide gas when completely react with oxygen produces 8.0 g of sulphur
trioxide.

D 2 molecules of sulphur trioxide gas when reacts with oxygen produces 2 molecules of sulphur
dioxide.
76. The equation for the combustion of hydrogen in oxygen is given below:
2H2 (g) +

O2 (g)

2H2O (g)

Which one of the following correct conclusions can be drawn from the equation? [ Relative atomic
mass : H, 1; O, 16 ]
A
B
C
D

2 moles of steam can be obtained from 1 mole of hydrogen.

32 g of oxygen when reacted with hydrogen produces 18 g of water
2 atoms of hydrogen combined with 1 atom of oxygen to produce 1 molecule of water
4 g of hydrogen combines with 16 g of oxygen to form 1 mole of water.

Solve numerical problem using chemical equations

77. The equation below represents the fermentation reaction of glucose by yeast.
C6H12O6

---

2C2H5OH

2CO2

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide, at room temperature and pressure , if 100g of glucose is
completely fermented?
[ Relative molecular mass: glucose, 180; 1 mole gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room conditions]
A

100 x 2 x 24
180

180 x 100
2 x 24

100 x 180 x 2
24

2 x 180 x 24
100

78. Ammonia gas is formed in Haber Process accoring to the equation below:
N2 (g)

3H2 (g)

2NH3 (g)

Calculate the volume of hydrogen needed to produce 100 cm 3 of ammonia at room conditions.
[ Relative atomic mass: N, 14; H, 1 ; 1 mole gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room conditions ]
A
B
C
D

50 cm3
100 cm3
150 cm3
200 cm3

79. Which of the following substances will produce 1 mole of carbon dioxide gas when burnt
completely? [ Relative atomic mass : C,12; O, 16; H, 1 ]
I
II
III
IV

0.5 mol of ethene, C2H4.

1.0 mol of methane, CH4
1.0 mole of carbon, C
0.5 mole of ethane, C2H6

A I and II only
B II and III only

C I, II and IV only
D I, II, III and IV
STRUCTURED QUESTION
SECTION A
1.
(SEE DIAGRAM OF ON PAGE 2 )
Nickel (II) carbonate powder is heated strongly in a dry test tube as shown in Figure___ above. When
heated strongly, it decomposes according to the equation.
NiCO3 (s) -

NiO (s)

CO2 (g)

(a) Name the reactants and products of the reaction.

Reactants:
.
Products :
..
(b) What is meant by the symbols

(s)

and

(g)

in the equation above?

(s)

(g)

(c) Name solution P in test tube B which is used to identify one of the products of the reaction above.

(d) Calculate the relative molecular mass of nickel (II) carbonate. [ Relative atomic mass: Ni, 59;
C,12; O, 16]

(e) If 11.9 g of nickel (II) carbonate is completely decomposed, calculate the mass of the residue
formed in test tube A.
(f) (i) Name the residue in test tube A.
..
(ii) Calculate the number of molecules of carbon dioxide formed at room conditions? [ 1 mole of
gas occupies 24 dm3, at room conditions ]

(g) If nickel (II) carbonate is replaced by magnesium carbonate, write the equation for the
decomposition of magnesium carbonate by heat.

2. Compound Q is a chlorofluorocarbon compound that causes the thinning of the ozone layer and is
an air pollutant. It was found to have the following composition:
carbon : 4g

flourine : 6.3 g

chlorine : 35.5 g

(a) Calculate the empirical formula of Compound Q. [ Relative atomic mass: C, 12; F, 19; Cl, 35.5]

(b) The relative molecular mass of Compound Q is 137.5. What is the molecular formula of
Compound Q?

(c) State one common use of Compound Q in everyday life?

.
(d) Calculate the number of chlorine atoms that is present in 96 cm 3 of Compound Q, at room
temperature. [ 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm 3, Avogadro constant : 6.02 x 1023 ]

(e) Compound Q and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas are obtained when tertrachlorofluoromethane
(CCl4) reacts with hydrogen flouride (HF).
(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction to produce Compound Q.

(ii) Calculate the mass of Compound Q produced if 15.4g of tetrachlorofluoromethane is completely

reacted?

3. The table below gives information about six hydrocarbon gases. The volumes are measured at the
same room conditions. [ 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room conditions]

Gas
Ethene

Molecular
formula
C2H4

Relative molecular mass

28

Volume occupied by 1.0g of

the gas (cm3)
860

Propene
Butene
Pentene
Heksene
Heptene

C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
C6H12
C7H14

42
56
70
84
98

570
430
340
285
245

(a) Explain what is meant by the term relative molecular mass.

.
(b) Using calculation, show that 1 gram of ethene, C2H4, occupies a volume of approximataely 860
cm3 at room conditions.

(c) (i) Using the data above, plot a graph of the relative molecular mass against the volume of the gas
at room conditions.
(ii) From the graph, determine the volume occupied by 1.0g of chlorine gas. [Relative atomic mass:
Cl,35.5 ]

(d) What is the empirical formula for all the compounds found in the above table?

.
(e) Another hydrocarbon P, has a molecular formula, . C2H2. Predict the volume occupied by 1.0g of
hydrocarbon P.

3. Urea, CO(NH2)2 and ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 are usually used as chemical fertilisers to
improve the nitrogen contents of the soil. [ Relative atomic mass: N,14; S, 32; O, 16; H, 1; C, 12 ]
(a) Calculate the relative molecular mass of (i) urea and (ii) ammonium sulphate

.
(b) Compare the number of nitrogen atoms present in 1g of urea and 1g of ammonium sulphate.
Which fertiliser is richer in it nitrogen content?

.
(c) Find the mass of each fertiliser that will produce 50 kg of nitrogen.

(d) Ammonium sulphate, on heating with sodium hydroxide produces sodium sulphate, ammonia gas
and water.
(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between ammonium sulphate and sodium hydroxide.

.
(ii) Calculate the mass of ammonium sulphate needed to produce 120 cm 3 of ammonia gas. [ 1 mole
of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature]

Section B
1. (a) Using an appropriate example, define what is meant by empirical formula and molecular
formula
(b) Show how to derive the empirical formula and its molecular formula of substance M from the given
information below:

Composition by mass:
Carbon : 6.0g
Hydrogen : 1.0g
Oxygen : 8.0g
Relative molecular mass of M : 180
Relative atomic mass: C, 12; H, 1; O, 16
(c) Describe an experiment how you would determine the empirical formula of an oxide M, using the
reduction of oxide M by hydrogen gas method. In your answer, also show the steps involved in finding
the empirical formula of oxide M. [ Relative atomic mass : M, 56, O, 16 ].