Gas Turbine

Lecture 2
Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Frame Type Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines (1)

The frame units are the large power generation units ranging from 3 MW to 480
MW in a simple cycle configuration, with efficiencies ranging from 30-46%.
Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Frame Type Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines (2)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Aircraft-Derivative Gas Turbines (Aeroderivative gas turbines) (1)

These units range in power from 2.5 MW to about 50 MW. The efficiencies
of these units can range from 35-45%.

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Aircraft-Derivative Gas Turbines (Aeroderivative gas turbines) (2)

The benefits of the aeroderivative gas turbines are:
1. Favorable installation cost
The equipment involved is of a size and weight that it can be packaged
and tested as a complete unit within the manufacturers plant.
2. Adaptation to remote control
Users strive to reduce operating costs by automation of their systems.
Many new offshore and pipeline applications, today are designed for
remote unattended operation of the compression equipment.
3. Maintenance concept
The off-site maintenance plan fits in well with these systems where
minimum operating personnel and unattended stations are the objectives.

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
4/29

Aircraft-Derivative Gas Turbines (Aeroderivative gas turbines) (3)

LM6000 aeroderivative gas turbine (Courtesy GE Power Systems)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Aircraft-Derivative Gas Turbines (Aeroderivative gas turbines) (4)

LM6000 aeroderivative gas turbine (Courtesy GE Power Systems)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Industrial Type Gas Turbines (1)

These vary in range

from about 2.5 MW-15
MW. This type of gas
turbine
is
used
extensively in many
petrochemical plants for
compressor drive trains.
The efficiencies of these
units are in the low 30s.

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Industrial Type Gas Turbines (2)

Taurus 60 industrial gas turbine (Courtesy Solar Turbines Incorporated)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Industrial Type Gas Turbines (3)

Taurus 60 industrial gas turbine (Courtesy Solar Turbines Incorporated)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Industrial Type Gas Turbines (4)

A recuperative medium size industrial gas turbine Mercury 50 (Courtesy

Solar Turbines Incorporated)
Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Small Gas Turbines (1)

ASE120-10MW small gas turbine (Allied Signal Engines)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
11/29

Small Gas Turbines (2)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Small Gas Turbines (3)

The parallon 75 small gas turbine (Allied Signal Engines)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Small Gas Turbines (4)

The Turbec 100 small gas turbine (ABB Turbo)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Small Gas Turbines (5)

Deutz Gas Turbine

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Major Components of Gas Turbine

1. Compressor

2. Combustion Chamber

3. Turbine

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
16/29

Centrifugal Compressor (1)

Centrifugal compressors are used in small gas turbine units.

Advantages of Centrifugal compressors:

1. Smooth operation
2. Large tolerance of processes fluctuations
3. High reliability
4. High pressure ratio (3:1 per stage up to 12:1 per stage)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
17/29

Centrifugal Compressor (2)

Range of application:
1. Higher pressure ratios

Rotational speed

2. Lower flow rates

Volume flow rate ft3/s
Specific speed

&
N V
N s = 0.75
H ad
Adiabatic head

The most efficient region for centrifugal compressors is

60 < Ns < 1500
Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Centrifugal Compressor (3)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Centrifugal Compressor (4)

The centrifugal compressor
consists of:
1. Impeller
2. Diffuser
3. Volute casing (scroll)

Inlet guide vanes are optional

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Centrifugal Compressor (5)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Centrifugal Compressor (6)

Principle of operation

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Axial flow Compressor (1)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Axial flow Compressor (2)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Axial flow Compressor (3)

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Axial flow Compressor (4)

Principle of operation:

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

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Axial flow Compressor (5)

Typical Rotor blades:

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Axial flow Compressor (6)

Typical stator blades:

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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Axial flow Compressor (7)

Flow control:

Gas Turbine
Lecture 2

Dr. Eng. Sameh Shaaban

10-May-07
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