NCERT Class 8 Maths

Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 1.
1)
Questions
1.
Using appropriate properties find:

2 3 5 3 1
2 3 1 3 1 2
(i)
(ii) +
+
3 5 2 5 6
5 7 6 2 14 5
2.
Write the additive inverse of each of the following:

2
5
6
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
8
9
5
Verify that ( x ) = x for:
3.
5.
6.
7.
2
9
11
13
(ii)
x=
15
17
Find the multiplicative inverse of the following:
13
1
13
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
19
5
5 3
2
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
1
1
8 7
5
Name the property under multiplication used in each of the following:
4
4
13 2 2 13
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
1 = 1

=
5
5
17 7
7 17
6
7
Multiply
by the reciprocal of
.
13
16
1 4
1 4
Tell what property allows you to compute 6 as 6 .
3 3
3 3
(i)
4.
(iv)
(v)
x=
19 29
=1
29 19
8
1
the multiplicative inverse of 1 ? Why or why not?
9
8
1
9. Is 0.3 the multiplicative inverse of 3 ? Why or why not?
3
10. Write:
(i)
The rational number that does not have a reciprocal.
(ii)
The rational numbers that are equal to their reciprocals.
(iii) The rational number that is equal to its negative.
11. Fill in the blanks:
(i)
Zero has _______________ reciprocal.
(ii)
The numbers _______________ and _______________ are their own reciprocals.
(iii) The reciprocal of 5 is _______________.
1
(iv) Reciprocal of , where x 0 is _______________.
x
(v)
The product of two rational numbers is always a _______________.
(vi) The reciprocal of a positive rational number is _______________
8.
Is
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19
6
Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 1.1)

Answers
1.
(i)
2 3 5 3 1
2 3 3 1 5
+ == +
3 5 2 5 6
3 5 5 6 2
3 2 1 5
= +
5 3 6 2
(ii)
2.
3.
[Using associative property]

[Using distributive property]
3 4 4 5 3 5 5
+
+ =
5 6 2 5 6 2
1 5 1 + 5 4
= + =
= =2
2 2
2
2
2 3 1 3 1 2
+
5 7 6 2 14 5
2 3 1 2 1 3
+
5 7 14 5 6 2
[Using associative property]
2 3 1 1
+
5 7 14 4
[Using distributive property]
2 5 1
2 6 + 1 1
=
5 14 4 5 14 4
1 1
4 7
11
=
=
7 4
28
28
We know that additive inverse of a rational number

(i)
Additive inverse of
(ii)
Additive inverse of
(iii)
Additive inverse of
(iv)
Additive inverse of
(v)
Additive inverse of
(i)
Putting x =
a
a a
a
is
, such that +
= 0.
b
b b
b
2
2
is
.
8
8
5
5
is .
9
9
6
6
is
.
5
5
2
2
is .
9
9
19
19
is .
6
6
11
in ( x ) = x,
15
11 11
=
15 15
11 11
=
15 15
L.H.S. = R.H.S.

(ii)
Hence, verified.
13
Putting x =
in ( x ) = x,
17
13 13

=
17 17
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence, verified.
4.
5.
13 13
=
17
17
1
1
We know that multiplicative inverse of a rational number a is , such that a = 1.
a
a
1
(i)
Multiplicative inverse of 13 is
.
13
13
19
(ii)
Multiplicative inverse of
is
.
19
13
1
(iii) Multiplicative inverse of is 5.
5
5 3 15
56
(iv) Multiplicative inverse of
is
=
.
8 7 56
15
2 2
5
(v)
Multiplicative inverse of 1
= is .
5 5
2
1
(vi) Multiplicative inverse of 1 is
.
1
(i)
1 is the multiplicative identity.
(ii)
Commutative property.
(iii)
Multiplicative Inverse property.
7
16
is
.
16
7
According to the question,
6 16 96
=
91
13 7
6.
The reciprocal of
7.
By using associative property of multiplication, we will compute as a ( b c ) = ( a b ) c .
8.
1
1
Since multiplicative inverse of a rational number a is , if a = 1.
a
a
8 1 8 9
Therefore,
= 1
1 =
9 8 9 8
But its product must be positive 1.

8
Therefore, is not the multiplicative inverse of
9
1
1 .
8

9.
1
1
Since multiplicative inverse of a rational number a is , if a = 1.
a
a
1
3 10
Therefore,
=1
0.3 3 =
3 10 3
1
Therefore, Yes 0.3 is the multiplicative inverse of 3 .
3
10. (i)
(ii)
(iii)
0
1 and 1
0
11. (i)
(ii)
No
1, 1
1
5
x
Rational Number
Positive
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)


Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Represent these numbers on the number line:

7
5
(i)
(ii)
4
6
2 5 9
Represent
on the number line.
, ,
11 11 11
Write five rational numbers which are smaller than 2.
2
1
Find ten rational numbers between
and .
5
2
Find five rational numbers between:
2
4
3
5
(i)
and
(ii)
and
(iii)
3
5
2
3
Write 5 rational numbers greater than 2.
3
3
Find ten rational numbers between and .
5
4
1
1
and
4
2


Answers
1.
(i)
(ii)
7
3
=1
4
4
3 7
Here, P 1 =
4 4
5
6
5
6
2
5
9
Here, B =
and D =
, C=
11
11
11
Here, M =
2.
3.
4.
1 1 1 1 1
and so on.
, , , ,
3 4 2 2 5
2
1
and
5
2
Here, L.C.M. of 5 and 2 is 10.
2 2 4
1 5 5
and =
=
5 2 10
2 5 10
4 2 8
5 2 10
Again,
and
=
=
10 2 20
10 2 20
5.
(i)
Ten rational number between
2
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2
and are
, , , , , , , 0, , .
5
2
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
2
4
and
3
5
L.C.M. of 3 and 5 is 15.

2 5 10
4 3 12
and =
=
3 5 15
5 3 15
10 4 40
12 4 48
Again
and
=
=
15 4 60
15 4 60
(ii)
Five rational numbers between
3
5
and
2
3
3 3 9
5 2 10
and =
=
2 3 6
3 2 6
(iii)
7.
3
5
8 7 1 2
and are
, , 0, , .
2
3
6 6
6 6
1
1
and
4
2
1 1 1
1 2 2
= and =
4 1 4
2 2 4
1 8 8
2 8 16
Again =
and =
4 8 32
4 8 32
6.
2
4
41 42 43 44 45
and are
, , , , .
3
5
60 60 60 60 60
1
1
9 10 11 12 13
and are
, , , , .
4
2
32 32 32 32 32
Five rational numbers greater than 2 are:

3
1 1
[Other rational numbers may also be possible]
, 1, , 0,
2
2
2
3
3
and
5
4
3 4 12
3 5 15
and =
=
5 4 20
4 5 20
12 8 96
15 8 120
Again
and
=
=
20 8 160
20 8 160
3
3
Five rational numbers between and are:
5
4
97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160


Questions
Solve the following questions.

1. x 2 = 7
2. y + 3 = 10
6= z+2
3
17
4.
+x=
7
7
5. 6 x = 12
t
6.
= 10
5
2x
7.
= 18
3
y
8. 1.6 =
1.5
9. 7 x 9 = 16
10. 14 y 8 = 13
3.
11. 17 + 6 p = 9
12.
x
7
+1 =
3
15


Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
x2 = 7
x2+2 = 7 + 2
x =9
y + 3 = 10
y + 3 3 = 10 3
y =7
6= z+2
62 = z +22
4=z
3
17
+x=
7
7
3 3 17 3
x+ =
7 7 7 7
17 3
x=
7
6 x = 12
x 12
=
6 6
x=2
t
= 10
5
t
5 = 10 x 5
5
t = 50
2x
= 18
3
2x
3 = 18 3
3
2 x = 18 3
2 x 18 3
=
2
2
x = 27
y
1.6 =
1.5
y
1.6 1.5 =
1.5
1.5
2.40 = y
[Adding 2 both sides]
[Subtracting 3 both sides]
[Subtracting 2 both sides]

z=4
[Subtracting
x=
14
7
3
both sides]
7
x=2
[Dividing both sides by 6]
[Multiplying both sides by 5]
[Multiplying both sides by 1.5]
y = 2.40

9.
7 x 9 = 16
7 x 9 + 9 = 16 + 9
7 x = 25
x=
7 x 25
=
7
7
25
7
10. 14 y 8 = 13
14 y 8 + 8 = 13 + 8
14 y = 21
y=
14 y 21
=
14 14
3
2
11. 17 + 6 p = 9
12.
17 + 6 p 17 = 9 17
6 p = 8
p=
[Subtracting 17 from both sides]
6 p 8
=
6
6
4
3
x
7
+1 =
3
15
x
7
+11 = 1
3
15
x 7 15
=
3
15
x
8
3 =
3
3
15
8
x=
5
x 8
=
3 15


Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
If you subtract
1
1
1
from a number and multiply the result by , you get . What is the
2
2
8
number?
The perimeter of a rectangular swimming pool is 154 m. Its length is 2 m more than twice its
breadth. What are the length and breadth?
4
2
The base of an isosceles triangle is cm. The perimeter of the triangle is 4
cm. What is the
3
15
length of either of the remaining equal sides?
Sum of two numbers is 95. If one exceeds the other by 15, find the numbers.
Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 3. If they differ by 18, what are the numbers?
Three consecutive integers add up to 51. What are these integers?
The sum of three consecutive multiples of 8 is 888. Find the multiples.
Three consecutive integers are such that when they are taken in increasing order and
multiplied by 2, 3 and 4 respectively, they add up to 74. Find these numbers.
The ages of Rahul and Haroon are in the ratio 5 : 7. Four years later the sum of their ages will
be 56 years. What are their present ages?
The number of boys and girls in a class are in the ratio 7 : 5. The number of boys is 8 more than
the number of girls. What is the total class strength?
Baichungs father is 26 years younger than Baichungs grandfather and 29 years older than
Baichung. The sum of the ages of all the three is 135 years. What is the age of each one of them?
Fifteen years from now Ravis age will be four times his present age. What is Ravis present
age?
5
2
A rational number is such that when you multiply it by
and add
to the product, you get
2
3
7
. What is the number?
12
14. Lakshmi is a cashier in a bank. She has currency notes of denominations ` 100, ` 50 an ` 10
respectively. The ratio of the number of these notes is 2 : 3 : 5. The total cash with Lakshmi is `
4,00,000. How many notes of each denomination does she have?
15. I have a total of ` 300 in coins of denomination ` 1, ` 2 and ` 5. The number of ` 2 coins is 3
times the number of ` 5 coins. The total number of coins is 160. How many coins of each
denomination are with me?
16. The organizers of an essay competition decide that a winner in the competition gets a prize of `
100 and a participant who does not win, gets a prize of ` 25. The total prize money distributed
is ` 3,000. Find the number of participants is 63.


Answers
1.
Let the number be x.

1
1 1
x =
2
2 8
1
1 1
2 x = 2
2
2 8
1 1
x =
2 4
1+ 2
x=
4
1 1 1 1
x + = +
2 2 4 2
3
x=
4
[Adding both sides
1
]
2
3
.
4
Let the breadth of the pool be x m.
Hence, the required number is
2.
Then, the length of the pool = ( 2 x + 2 ) m

Perimeter = 2 ( l + b )
154 2 ( 2 x + 2 + x )
=
2
2
77 = 3x + 2
77 2 = 3x + 2 2
75 3 x
75 = 3x

=
3
3
25 = x
x = 25 m
Hence, length of the pool = 2 x + 2 = 2 x 25 + 2 = 50 + 2 = 52 m
And, breadth of the pool = 25 m
Let each of equal sides of an isosceles triangle be x cm.
Perimeter of a triangle = Sum of all three sides
2 4
62 4
4 = + x+ x
= + 2x
15 3
15 3
62 4 4 4
4
[Subtracting from both the sides]

= + 2x
15 3 3 3
3
62 20
42
= 2x
= 2x
15
15
42
2x

=
15 2 2
7
=x
5
2
x = 1 cm
5
3.
154 = 2 ( 2 x + 2 + x )

Hence, each equal side of an isosceles triangle is 1

4.
2
cm.
5
Sum of two number = 95

Let the first number be x, then another number be x + 15 .
2 x + 15 = 95
2 x = 80
x + x + 15 = 95
2 x + 15 15 = 95 15 [Subtracting 15 from both sides]
2 x 80
=
2
2
x = 40
Hence, the first number = 40
And another number = 40 + 15 = 55
5.
Let the two numbers be 5x and 3 x.

According to question,
5 x 3x = 18
2 x 18
2 x = 18

=
2
2
x=9
Hence, first number = 5 x 9 = 45 and second number = 3 x 9 = 27.
6.
Let the three consecutive integers be x, x + 1 and x + 2.

3x + 3 = 51
3x = 48
x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 51
3x + 3 3 = 51 3
3x 48
=
3
3
x = 16
Hence, first integer = 16, second integer = 16 + 1 = 17 and third integer = 16 + 2 = 18.
7.
Let the three consecutive multiples of 8 be x, x + 8 and x + 16.

3x + 24 = 888
3x = 864
x + x + 8 + x + 16 = 888
3x + 24 24 = 888 24 [Subtracting 24 from both sides]
3 x 864
=
3
3
x = 288
Hence, first multiple of 8 = 288, second multiple of 8 = 288 + 8 = 296 and third multiple of 8 =
288 + 16 = 304.
8.
Let the three consecutive integers be x, x + 1 and x + 2.

2 x + 3x + 3 + 4 x + 8 = 74
9 x + 11 11 = 74 11
2 x + 3 ( x + 1) + 4 ( x + 2 ) = 74
9 x + 11 = 74

9 x = 63
9 x 63
=
9
9
x=7
Hence first integer = 7, second integer = 7 + 1 = 8 and third integer = 7 + 2 = 9.
9.
Let the present ages of Rahul and Haroon be 5x years and 7x years respectively.
According to condition,
( 5 x + 4 ) + ( 7 x + 4 ) = 56
12 x + 8 = 56
12 x = 48
12 x + 8 8 = 56 8
12 x 48
=
12 12

x=4
Hence, present age of Rahul = 5 x 4 = 20 years and
present age of Haroon = 7 x 4 = 28 years.
10. Let the number of girls be x.
Then, the number of boys = x + 8.
x+8 7
=
x
5
5 ( x + 8) = 7 x
5 x 7 x = 40
2 x = 40
5 x + 40 = 7 x
[Transposing 7x to L.H.S. and 40 to R.H.S.]
2 x 40
=
2
2
[Dividing both sides by 2 ]
x = 20
Hence the number of girls = 20 and number of boys = 20 + 8 = 28.
11. Let Baichungs age be x years, then Baichungs fathers age = ( x + 29 ) years and Baichungs
granddaughters age = ( x + 29 + 26 ) = ( x + 55 ) years.
According to condition,
3x + 84 = 135
3 x = 51
x + x + 29 + x + 55 = 135
3x + 84 84 = 135 84 [Subtracting 84 from both sides]

3 x 51

=
3
3
x = 17 years
Hence, Baichungs age = 17 years, Baichungs fathers age = 17 + 29 = 46 years
And Baichungs granddaughters age = 17 + 29 + 26 = 72 years.
12. Let Ravis present age be x years.
After fifteen years, Ravis age = 4x years.
Fifteen years from now, Ravis age = ( x + 15 ) years.
4 x = x + 15

4 x x = 15
3x = 15
3 x 15
=
3
3
x = 5 years
Hence, Ravis present age be 5 years.
[Transposing x to L.H.S.]
13. Let the rational number be x.

5
2 7
x+ =
2
3 12
5
2 2 7 2
x+ =
2
3 3 12 3
5 x 7 8
=
2
12
5 x 15
=
2
12
5 x 12 = 15 2
60 x = 30
60 x 30
=
60
60
1
x=
2
[Subtracting
2
from both sides]
3
1
.
2
14. Let number of notes be 2 x,3 x and 5 x.
Hence, the rational number is
100 2 x + 50 3 x + 10 5 x = 4, 00, 000
200 x + 150 x + 50 x = 4, 00, 000

400 x = 4, 00, 000
400 x 4, 00, 000

=
400
400
x = 1000
Hence, number of denominations of ` 100 notes = 2 x 1000 = 2000

Number of denominations of ` 50 notes = 3 x 1000 = 3000
Number of denominations of ` 10 notes = 5 x 1000 = 5000
Therefore, required denominations of notes of ` 100, ` 50 and ` 10 are 2000, 3000 and 5000
respectively.

15. Total sum of money = ` 300

Let the number of ` 5 coins be x, number of ` 2 coins be 3x and number of ` 1 coins be
160 ( x + 3x ) = 160 4 x.
5 x + 2 ( 3 x ) + 1 (160 4 x ) = 300
5 x + 6 x + 160 4 x = 300
7 x + 160 = 300
7 x + 160 160 = 300 160
7 x = 140
7 x 140
=
7
7
x = 20

Hence, the number of coins of ` 5 denomination = 20

Number of coins of ` 2 denomination = 3 x 20 = 60
Number of coins of ` 1 denomination = 160 4 x 20 = 160 80 = 80
16. Total sum of money = ` 3000
Let the number of winners of ` 100 be x.
And those who are not winners = 63 x
100 x + 25 ( 63 x ) = 3000
100 x + 1575 25 x = 3000

75 x + 1575 = 3000
7 x + 1575 1575 = 3000 1575
7 x = 1425
7 x 1425
=
7
7
x = 19
Hence the number of winner is 19.



Questions
Solve the following equations and check your results.

1. 3x = 2 x + 18
2. 5t 3 = 3t 5
3. 5 x + 9 = 5 + 3x
4. 4 z + 3 = 6 + 2 z
5. 2 x 1 = 14 x
6.
8 x + 4 = 3 ( x 1) + 7
4
( x + 10 )
5
2x
7x
8.
+1 =
+3
3
15
5 26
9. 2 y + =
y
3 3
8
10. 3m = 5m
5
7.
x=


Answers
1.
2.
3x = 2 x + 18
3x 2 x = 18
x = 18
To check:
3x = 2 x + 18
54 = 36 + 18
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence, it is correct.
5t 3 = 3t 5
5t 3t = 5 + 3
2t = 2
2
t=
= 1
2
To check:
5t 3 = 3t 5
5 3 = 3 5
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
3.
5 x + 9 = 5 + 3x
5 x 3x = 5 9
2 x = 4
4
x=
= 2
2
To check:
5 x + 9 = 5 + 3x
10 + 9 = 5 6
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
4.
3 18 = 2 18 + 18
54 = 54
5 ( 1) 3 = 3 ( 1) 5
8 = 8
5 ( 2 ) + 9 = 5 + 3 ( 2 )
1 = 1
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
4z 2z = 6 3
2z = 3
3
z=
2

To check:
5.
6.
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
23+ 3 = 6 + 3
9=9
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
3
3
4 + 3 = 6 + 2
2
2
6+3=9
2 5 1 = 14 5
9=9
8 0 + 4 = 3 ( 0 1) + 7
4 = 3 + 7
2 x 1 = 14 x
2 x + x = 14 + 1
3x = 15
15
x= =5
3
To check:
2 x 1 = 14 x
10 1 = 9
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
8 x + 4 = 3 ( x 1) + 7
8 x + 4 = 3x 3 + 7
8 x 3x = 3 + 7 4
5x = 0
0
x= =0
5
To check:
8 x + 4 = 3 ( x 1) + 7
0 + 4 = 3 ( 1) + 7
4=4
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
7.
4
( x + 10 )
5
5 x = 4 ( x + 10 )
x=
5 x = 4 x + 40
5 x 4 x = 40
x = 40
To check:

4
( x + 10 )
5
4
40 = 50
5
40 = 40
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
x=
8.
9.
2x
7x
+1 =
+3
3
15
2x 7 x
= 3 1
3 15
10 x 7 x
=2
15
3x = 30
30
x=
= 10
3
To check:
2x
7x
+1 =
+3
3
15
20
14
+1 = + 3
3
3
23 23
=
3
3
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
2y +
40 =
40 = 4 10
2 10
7 10
+1 =
+3
3
15
20 + 3 14 + 9
=
3
3
5 26
=
y
3 3
26 5
3 3
26 5
3y =
3
21
3y =
3
21 7
y=
=
3 3 3
To check:
5 26
2y + =
y
3 3
4
( 40 + 10 )
5
2y + y =
7 5 26 7
2 + =
3 3 3 3

14 5 26 7
+ =
3 3 3 3
19 19
=
3
3
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
10. 3m = 5m
3m 5m =
2m =
14 + 5 26 7
=
3
3
8
5
8
5
8
5
8
m=
5 ( 2 )
m=
4
5
To check:
8
5
4
4 8
3 = 5
5
5 5
12
8
= 4
5
5
12 20 8
=
5
5
12 12
=
5
5
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
3m = 5m


Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5
from it. She multiplies the result by 8. The result
2
now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What is the number?
A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both the numbers, then one of
the new numbers becomes twice the other new number. What are the numbers?
Sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. When we interchange the digits, it is found that the
resulting new number is greater than the original number by 27. What is the two-digit
number?
One of the two digits of a two-digit number is three times the other digit. If you interchange the
digits of this two-digit number and add the resulting number to the original number, you get
88. What is the original number?
Shobos mothers present age is six times Shobos present age. Shobos age five years from now
will be one third of his mothers present age. What are their present age?
There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli village. The length and
Amina thinks of a number and subtracts
breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11 : 4. At the rate ` 100 per meter it will cost the village
panchayat ` 75,000 to fence the plot. What are the dimensions of the plot?
7.
Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms, shirt material that costs him ` 50
per meter and trouser material that costs him ` 90 per meter.
For every 2 meters of the trouser material he buys 3 meters of the shirt material. He sells the
materials at 12% and 10% respectively. His total sale is ` 36,000. How much trouser material
did he buy?
8. Half of a herd of deer are grazing in the field and three fourths of the remaining are playing
nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the pond. Find the number of deer in the herd.
9. A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54 years older than her.
Find their present ages.
10. Amans age is three times his sons age. Ten years ago he was five times his sons age. Find
their present ages.


Answers
1.
Let Amina think a number x.

8 5
= 3x
2
8 x 20 = 3x
5x = 20
8 x = 3x
2
8x
8 x 4 5 = 3x
8 x 3x = 20
20
x=
=4
5
Hence, the number is 4.

2.
Let another number be x.

Then positive number = 5x
5 x + 21 = 2 ( x + 21)
5 x 2 x = 42 21
21
3 x = 21
x=
=7
3
Hence another number = 7 and positive number = 5 x 7 =35
3.
5 x + 21 = 2 x + 42
Let the unit place digit of a two-digit number be x.

Therefore, the tens place digit = 9 x
2-digit number = 10 x tens place digit + unit place digit
Original number = 10 ( 9 x ) + x
New number = Original number + 27
10 x + ( 9 x ) = 10 ( 9 x ) + x + 27
9 x + 9 = 117 9 x
10 + 9 x = 90 10 x + x + 27
9 x + 9 x = 117 9
108
18 x = 108
x=
=6
18
Hence, the 2-digit number = 10 ( 9 x ) + x = 10 (9 6) + 6 = 10 x 3 + 6 = 30 + 6 = 36
4.
Let the unit place digit of a two-digit number be x.

Therefore, the tens place digit = 3x
2-digit number = 10 x tens place digit + unit place digit
Original number = 10 3x + x = 30 x + x = 31x

New number + Original number = 88
10 x + 3x + 31x = 88
44 x = 88

88
=2
44
Hence, the 2-digit number = 31x = 31 2 = 62
Let Shobos present age be x years.
And Shobos mothers present age = 6x years
1
x + 5 = 6x
3
x + 5 = 2x
2x = x + 5
2x x = 5
x = 5 years.
Hence, Shobos present age = 5 years
And Shobos mothers present age = 6 x 5 = 30 years
5.
6.
x=
Let the length and breadth of the rectangular plot be 11x and 4x respectively.
Total Cost
75000
Perimeter of the plot =
=
= 750 m
Cost of 1 meter
100
We know that Perimeter of rectangle = 2 (length + breadth)
Therefore, according to the question,
750 = 2 (11x + 4 x )
750 = 2 15x
750 = 30x
30 x = 750
750
x=
= 25
30
Hence, length of rectangular plot = 11 x 25 = 275 m
And breadth of rectangular plot = 4 x 25 = 100 m
7.
Let ratio between shirt material and trouser material be 3x : 2 x.

The cost of shirt material = 50 3x = 150 x
100 + P%
100 + 12
The selling price at 12% gain =
C.P. =
150 x
100
100
112
=
150 x = 168x
100
The cost of trouser material = 90 2 x = 180 x
100 + P%
100 + 10
The selling price at 12% gain =
C.P. =
180 x
100
100
110
=
180 x = 198x
100
366 x = 36600
168 x + 198 x = 36, 600
36600
= 100 meters
366
Now, trouser material = 2x = 2 x 100 = 200 meters
x=

Hence, Hasan bought 200 meters of the trouser material.
8.
Let the total number of deer in the herd be x.

x 3
x
x = + x + 9
2 4
2
x=
x 3 2x x
+
+9
2 4 2
x 3
+ x+9
2 8
8x 4 x 3x
=9
8
x = 9 8 = 72
Hence, the total number of deer in the herd is 72.
9.
x=
x=
x 3 x
+ +9
2 4 2
x 3x
=9
2 8
x
=9
8
Let present age of granddaughter be x years.

Therefore, Grandfathers age = 10x years
10 x = x + 54
10 x x = 54
9 x = 54
54
x=
= 6 years
9
Hence, granddaughters age = 6 years and grandfathers age = 10 x 6 = 60 years.
10. Let the present age of Amons son be x years.

Therefore, Amans age = 3x years
3x 10 = 5 ( x 10 )
3x 10 = 5 x 50
3x 5 x = 50 + 10
2 x = 40
40
= 20 years
x=
2
Hence, Amans sons age = 20 years
And Amans age = 3 x 2 = 60 years


Questions
Solve the following linear equations.

x 1 x 1
1.
= +
2 5 3 4
n 3n 5n
2.
+
= 21
2 4
6
8 x 17 5 x
3. x + 7
=
3
6 2
x 5 x 3
4.
=
3
5
3t 2 2t + 3 2
5.
= t
4
3
3
m 1
m2
6. m
= 1
2
3
Simplify and solve the following linear equation.
7.
3 ( t 3) = 5 ( 2t + 1)
8.
15 ( y 4 ) 2 ( y 9 ) + 5 ( y + 6 ) = 0
9.
3 ( 5 z 7 ) 2 ( 9 z 11) = 4 ( 8 z 13) 17
10. 0.25 ( 4 f 3) = 0.05 (10 f 9 )


Answers
1.
2.
3.
x 1 x 1
= +
2 5 3 4
x x 1 1
= +
2 3 4 5
x 9
=
6 20
To check:
x 1 x 1
= +
2 5 3 4
27 1 9 1
= +
20 5 10 4
23 23
=
20 20
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
Therefore, it is correct.
n 3n 5n
+
= 21
2 4
6
6n 9n + 10n
= 21
12
2112
n=
7
To check:
n 3n 5n
+
= 21
2 4
6
18 27 + 30 = 21
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
8 x 17 5 x
=
3
6 2
6 x 16 x + 15 x 17 42
=
6
6
25 6
x=
65
To check:
x+7
x+7
8 x 17 5 x
=
3
6 2
3x 2 x 5 + 4
=
6
20
96
27
=
x=
20
10
27
1
27
1
=
+
10 2 5 10 3 4
27 4 18 + 5
=
20
20
7n
= 21
12
n = 36
36 3 36 5 36
+
= 21
2
4
6
21 = 21
x 8 x 5 x 17 7
+
=
1 3
2
6 1
5 x 25
=
6
6
x = 5
5 + 7
8 ( 5 ) 17 5 ( 5 )
=
3
6
2

40 17 25
= +
3
6
2
46 92
=
3
6
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
4.
2+
x 5 x 3
=
3
5
5 x 25 = 3x 9
2 x = 16
To check:
x 5 x 3
=
3
5
3 5
=
3 5
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
5.
3t 2 2t + 3 2
= t
4
3
3
3 ( 3t 2 ) 4 ( 2t + 3) + 12t 2
=
12
3
13t 18 2
=
12
3
39t 54 = 24
39t = 78
To check:
3t 2 2t + 3 2
= t
4
3
3
62 4+3 26
=
4
3
3
1 7 4
=
1 3 3
4 4
=
3
3
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
6 + 40 17 + 75
=
3
6
46 46
=
3
3
5 ( x 5 ) = 3 ( x 3)
5x 3x = 9 + 25
16
x=
=8
2
85 83
=
3
5
1=1
3t 2 2t + 3
2
+t =
4
3
3
9t 6 8t 12 + 12t 2
=
12
3
3 (13t 18) = 2 12
39t = 24 + 54
78
t=
=2
39
3 2 2 2 2 + 3 2
= 2
4
3
3
4 7 4
=
4 3 3
3 7 4
=
3
3

6.
m 1
m2
= 1
2
3
6m 3 ( m 1) + 2 ( m 2 )
6
5m 1
=1
6
5m = 6 + 1
7
m=
5
To check:
m 1
m2
= 1
2
3
7 5
7 10
7
5 = 1 5
5
2
3
7 1
1
= 1+
5 5
5
6 6
=
5 5
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
m
7.
=1
m m 1 m 2
+
=1
1
2
3
6m 3m + 3 + 2m 4
=1
6
5m 1 = 6
5m = 7
7
7
1
2
7 5
5
= 1
5
2
3
7
2
3
= 1
5 5 2
53
7 1 5 + 1
=
5
5
3 ( t 3) = 5 ( 2t + 1)
3t 9 = 10t + 5
3t 10t = 5 + 9
14
t=
7
To check:
3 ( t 3) = 5 ( 2t + 1)
7t = 14
t = 2
3 ( 2 3) = 5{2 ( 2 ) + 1}
15 = 5 ( 3)
15 y 60 2 y + 18 + 5 y + 30 = 0
3 5 = 5 ( 4 + 1)
15 = 15
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
8.
15 ( y 4 ) 2 ( y 9 ) + 5 ( y + 6 ) = 0
18 y 12 = 0
18 y = 12
y=
12
18
y=
2
3
To check:

15 ( y 4 ) 2 ( y 9 ) + 5 ( y + 6 ) = 0
2
2
2
15 4 2 9 + 5 + 6 = 0
3
3
3
2 12 2 27 2 + 18
15
2
+ 5
=0
3 3 3
10
25
20
15
2
+ 5
=0
3
3
3
50 + 100
50 +
=0
3
50 + 50 = 0
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
50 100
+
=0
3
3
150
50 +
=0
3
0=0
3 ( 5z 7 ) 2 ( 9 z 11) = 4 ( 8 z 13) 17
15 z 21 18 z + 22 = 32 z 52 17
3z 32 z = 69 1
70
z=
=2
35
9.
3z + 1 = 32 z 69
35 z = 70
50 +
To check:
3 ( 5z 7 ) 2 ( 9 z 11) = 4 ( 8 z 13) 17
3 ( 5 2 7 ) 2 ( 9 2 11) = 4 ( 8 2 13) 17
3 (10 7 ) 2 (18 11) = 4 (16 13) 17
3 3 2 7 = 4 3 17
5 = 5
L.H.S. = R. H. S.
9 14 = 12 17
1.00 f 0.75 = 0.50 f 0.45
0.50 f = 0.3
f = 0.6
0.25 ( 4 f 3) = 0.05 (10 f 9 )
0.25 ( 4 0.6 3) = 0.05 (10 0.6 9 )
0.25 ( 2.4 3) = 0.05 ( 6.0 9 )
0.25 ( 0.6 ) = 0.05 ( 3)
10. 0.25 ( 4 f 3) = 0.05 (10 f 9 )
1.00 f 0.50 f = 0.45 + 0.75
f =
0.3
0.50
To check:
0.150 = 0.150
L.H.S. = R. H. S.


Questions
Solve the following equations.

8x 3
1.
=2
3x
9x
2.
= 15
7 6x
x
4
3.
=
x + 15 9
3 y + 4 2
4.
=
2 6y 5
5.
6.
7.
7 y + 4 4
=
y+2
3
The ages of Hari and Harry are in the ratio 5 : 7. Four years from now the ratio of their ages
will be 3 : 4. Find their present ages.
The denominator of a rational number is greater than its numerator by 8. If the numerator is
3
increased by 17 and the denominator is decreased by 1, the number obtained is . Find the
2
rational number.


Answers
1.
8x 3
=2
3x
8x 3 = 6x
2.
3.
9x
= 15
7 6x
9 x = 105 90 x
99 x = 105
x=
5.
8x 6x = 3
3
x=
2
9 x = 15 ( 7 6 x )
9 x + 90 x = 105
105
x=
99
5 z = 60
z 9 = 4 ( z + 15 )
9 z 4 z = 60
60
z=
5
z = 12
3 y + 4 2
=
2 6y 5
15 y + 20 = 4 + 12 y
5 ( 3 y + 4 ) = 2 ( 2 6 y )
15 y 12 y = 4 20
3 y = 24
y=
y = 8
3 ( 7 y + 4 ) = 4 ( y + 2 )
21 y + 4 y = 8 12
y=
7 y + 4 4
=
y+2
3
21 y + 12 = 4 y 8
6.
8 x 3 = 2 3x
35
33
z
4
=
z + 15 9
9 z = 4 z + 60
4.
2x = 3
25 y = 20
24
3
20
25
4
5
Let the Ages of Hari and Harry be 5x years and 7x years.
5x + 4 3
=
7x + 4 4
4 ( 5x + 4 ) = 3 ( 7 x + 4)
20 x + 16 = 21x + 12
y=
20 x 21x = 12 16
x = 4

7.
x=4
Hence, the age of Hari = 5x = 5 x 4 = 20 years
And the age of Harry = 7x = 7 x 4 = 28 years.
Let the numerator of a rational number be x, then the denominator is x + 8.
Therefore,
Rational number =
x
x +8

x + 17
3
=
x + 8 1 2
x + 17 3
=
x+7 2
2 ( x + 17 ) = 3 ( x + 7 )
2 x + 34 = 3x + 21
2 x 3 x = 21 34
x = 13
x = 13
Hence, the required rational number =
x
13
13
=
= .
x + 8 13 + 8 21


NCERT Class 8 Maths

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Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 1.

Using appropriate properties find:

Write the additive inverse of each of the following:

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Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 1.1)

[Using associative property]

[Using associative property]

[Using distributive property]

We know that additive inverse of a rational number

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By using associative property of multiplication, we will compute as a ( b c ) = ( a b ) c .

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Material downloaded from http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in

Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 1.2)

Represent these numbers on the number line:

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Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 1.2)

Ten rational number between

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Five rational numbers between

Five rational numbers between

Five rational numbers between

Five rational numbers greater than 2 are:

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Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 2.1)

Solve the following questions.

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Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 2.1)

[Adding 2 both sides]

[Subtracting 3 both sides]

[Subtracting 2 both sides]

[Dividing both sides by 6]

[Multiplying both sides by 5]

[Multiplying both sides by 3]

[Dividing both sides by 2]

[Multiplying both sides by 1.5]

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[Adding 9 both sides]

[Dividing both sides by 7]

[Adding 8 both sides]

[Dividing both sides by 14]

[Subtracting 17 from both sides]

[Dividing both sides by 6]

[Subtracting 1 from both sides]

[Multiplying both sides by 3]

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Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 2.2)

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Class VIII Mathematics (Ex. 2.2)

Let the number be x.

According to the question,

[Multiplying both sides by 2]

[Adding both sides

Hence, the required number is

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[Dividing both sides by 3]

[Subtracting from both the sides]

[Dividing both sides by 2]

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Hence, each equal side of an isosceles triangle is 1

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[Dividing both sides by 2]