Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Chapter 1
Introduction
Auto rickshaws are a common means of public transportation in many countries in
the world. Also known as a three-wheeler, Samosa, tempo, tuk-tuk, trishaw,
Scooter, autorick, bajaj, rick, tricycle, mototaxi, baby taxi or lapa in popular
parlance, an auto rickshaw is a usually three-wheeled cabin cycle for private use
and as a vehicle for hire. It is a motorized version of the traditional pulled rickshaw
or cycle rickshaw. Auto rickshaws are an essential form of urban transport in many
developing countries, and a form of novelty transport in many developed countries.
However, in some parts of Europe they remain an essential mode of transportation,
notably Italy's.
It is the world's largest manufacturer of 3-wheelers and accounts for almost 84% of
Indias three-wheeler exports. During the FY 2012-13, it sold approx. 480,000
three-wheelers which was 57% of the total market share in India. Out of these
480,000 three-wheelers, 53% were exported and remaining 47% were sold in
India.
Today, autos are an indispensible component of urban mobility for scores of people
in our cities. But despite its significant contribution in catering to public transport
needs, there has been little by way of in-depth research and consolidated efforts in
trying to effectively understand and improve the auto rickshaw sector.
Chapter 2
Indian Automobile Industry Overview
A total of of 2,968,201 vehicles were sold in India during the first two months of
the financial year 2013-14, thus registering a feeble decrease of 0.64% as against
same period of 2012-13. The sales stood at 2,987,438 in April-May for 2012.
One of the key highlights of the year so far is the dip in sales of LCV Trucks by
2.38% as against the previous year. Slight growths were registered in two and
three wheelers while the other segments posted declines. In terms of production
two wheeler production increases by 18.10%, while passenger vehicle segment
decreases by 10.25%. The two wheeler export segment is forced down to 16.50%
due to weak demands while commercial vehicle suffered further blow as their
exports decreased by 19.47%
The recent fall of Rupee against Dollar, the increase in price for crude oil and fear
of inflation will install bigger hurdles to the Indian automobile industry in the
coming months.
For the period April-May 2013, the two and three wheeler segments show slight
growths while passenger vehicle segment decades by 8.56% in comparison with
the same period last year. The turmoil of commercial vehicle segment continues as
they slips at a negative 5.28 at the periodic year-to-year comparison.
Two Wheelers hold 79% of the total automobile sales during the period April-May
2013 and passenger vehicle takes up 15% of sales share for the same.
Production : April May FY 2013-14
So far in this financial year, a total of 3,422,144 vehicles were produced which is
3.14% less than what was during the same period in 2012. The production of three
wheelers had increased by 18.10% and commercial vehicles by 6.64%. Meanwhile
there is a decline in the production of passenger vehicles during the April-May
period of 2013 as against the same period 2012. Two wheeler production has also
decreased by 2.97%.
Export : April May FY 2013-14
The sales of three wheelers saw a feeble growth of 1.47% in April-May 2013
against April-May 2012. Both passenger carrier and goods carriers has registered
similar growth of 1.48% and 1.44% respectively during the April-May 2013 as
against April-May 2012.
The IIP stumbles to a discouraging 2% in April and the rate of Rupee against dollar
became weak. Somehow there is a relief as Fitch Ratings has revised Indias
Outlook to Stable from Negative and affirmed its Long-Term Foreign- and LocalCurrency Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs) at BBB-. And even better as the inflation
has come down. A much more boost has be provided in the form of timely arrival
of monsoon this term. This had already set off the tractor sales in a good mode.
ACG forecast that encouraged by these positive factors, the GDP may reach
between 5.5 6 percentages during the fiscal year 2013-14.
India Three Wheeler Market to Grow at Over 5% CAGR during 2014-19
India is the world's largest consumer and exporter of three wheelers across the
globe. Over the last decade, India's three wheeler industry has been exhibiting
consistent growth in both domestic sales as well as exports. Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,
Egypt, Nigeria, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana, Guatemala, Sudan, Botswana and Nepal
are the key export destinations for the country's three wheeler industry. However,
over the last few years, the three wheelers market in India has been facing
increasing competition from light commercial vehicles (LCVs), Electric Rickshaws
and Quadricycle products such as Bajaj RE.
"India Three Wheeler Market Forecast & Opportunities, 2019", a research study
on India's three wheeler industry by TechSci Research, has concluded that the
country's three wheeler market is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 5% during
2014-19. Rising demand for cheap and convenient public conveyance in the
country's rural and semi urban areas and increasing number of permits being issued
by state governments across the country are playing a major role in driving the
three wheeler market in India. Moreover, establishment of new CNG filling station
in semi urban and rural areas and inception of new engine and fuel technologies
are expected to further boost three wheeler market over the next five years.
India's three wheeler market is categorized into passenger carrier and load carrier
three wheelers. Passenger carrier three wheelers are used for public conveyance,
while load carrier three wheelers are used for carrying goods and materials over
short and medium distances. The demand for passenger carrier three wheelers
exceeds that of load carrier three wheelers in domestic as well as export markets.
"Passenger carrier segment accounted for majority of the three wheelers exports in
2013. Maximum demand for three wheelers outside India arises from under
developed countries of Africa and South America. Inadequate availability of public
transportation, underdeveloped logistic infrastructure, low per capita income and
increasing unemployment are the key factors that contribute to increasing adoption
of three wheelers in African countries. Consequently, a number of major Indiabased three wheeler manufacturers are targeting African countries for boosting
Chapter 3
Company Profile
Bajaj Auto is the world's third-largest manufacturer of motorcycles and the secondlargest in India. It is the worlds largest three-wheeler manufacturer.
On 31 March 2013, its market capitalisation was INR 520 billion (US$9.57
billion), making it India's 23rd largest publicly traded company by market value.
The Forbes Global 2000 list for the year 2012 ranked Bajaj Auto at 1,416
Type
Industry
Public company
Automotive
Founders
Headquarters
Key people
Products
Revenue
Net income
Employees
Parent
Subsidiaries
Website
Jamnalal Bajaj
Pune, India
Rahul Bajaj (Chairman)
Rajiv Bajaj (MD)
Motorcycles, three-wheeler vehicles and cars
208 billion (US$3.4 billion) (2012-13)
42.77 billion (US$690 million) (2012-13)
8,036 (March 2013)
Bajaj Group
Bajaj Auto Indonesia
www.bajajauto.com
History
Bajaj Auto came into existence on 29 November 1945 as M/s Bachraj Trading
Corporation Private Limited. It started off by selling imported two- and threewheelers in India. In 1959, it obtained a licence from the Government of India to
manufacture two-wheelers and three-wheelers and it became a public limited
company in 1960. In 1970, it rolled out its 100,000th vehicle. In 1977, it sold
100,000 vehicles in a financial year. In 1985, it started producing at Waluj near
Aurangabad. In 1986, it sold 500,000 vehicles in a financial year. In 1995, it rolled
out its ten millionth vehicle and produced and sold one million vehicles in a year.
With the launch of motorcycles in 1986, the company has changed its image from a
scooter manufacturer to a two-wheeler manufacturer.
Product
RE
All variants of our RE range of threewheeler products comprising small, medium
and large platforms and covering gasoline, gaseous and diesel engines have been
put through a complete upgrade. These products have been updated with much
better driver comfort through revised ergonomics, smart looks, improved engine
performance and revised gear ratios leading to excellent drivability and upto 15%
improvement in fuel economy.
DTSi technology has also been employed in the spark ignited engine versions,
while fivespeed gear box has been deployed in the diesel engine versions.
Chapter 4
Product Profile
Leading Brand
Bajaj RE is a name deeply inscribed in every Indian's heart. After all, it has been a
tried and trusted companion since 50 years. By being world's largest manufacturer
of 3 wheelers and the largest exporter of 3 wheelers in India, it has been the highest
employment generator. Other than India, the brand enjoys a strong presence across
36 countries
Bajaj RE offers an extensive product portfolio of vehicles, compatible with all fuel
types - Petrol, LPG, CNG, Diesel and for all categories - small, medium & big.
With such a wide range of products, Bajaj RE is continuously exploring new
dimensions to enhance its products and make public transportation easy.
Legacy
Since 1961 it has changed the way millions of Indians travel, touching their lives
every single day. Today Bajaj has over 50 lakh vehicles plying on Indian roads
empowering millions of families to earn their livelihood & "Respect " in the
society.
Types
(Petrol)
Features
Improved 2 stroke engine gives better mileage
Less expenses on fuel, which means more profit
New Skudo design gives more leg space
Comfortable seating position means less fatigue and more trips
Front indicators: Less chance of breakage during sharp turns Flush type rear
indicators: Prevents water from seeping in
Longer lasting stronger chassis
Improved 2 stroke engine means less expenses on maintenance
ADVANTAGE
Gives better mileage and lesser maintenance costs
NEW & IMPROVED SKUDO DESIGNS
New & improved Skudo design
ADVANTAGE
More leg space for driver
STRONGER CHASSIS
Stronger chassis
ADVANTAGE
More load carrying capacity and enhanced durability
FRONT INDICATORS
Front Indicators & Flush type rear indicators
ADVANTAGE
Less chance of breakage during sharp turns & Prevents water from seeping
in
EASY MANEUVERABILITY
Easy maneuverability
ADVANTAGE
Drive swiftly with ease to the last point and in difficult traffic conditions
BEST IN CLASS WARRANTY
Best in class warranty
ADVANTAGE
Warranty - 120 days or 15000 km whichever comes first
HIGH RESALE VALUE
High resale value
ADVANTAGE
Recover good value for the vehicle. Encashable anytime anywhere
HIGHLY RELIABLE
Tried, tested and trusted over decades - NO problem vehicle
ADVANTAGE
No off road - No revenue loss
Specification
Power
6.6Kw@5000rpm
Torque
15.5 N.m@3300rpm
Cubic Capacity
145.45 cc
Transmission
Clutch
Kerb weight
307 kg
Wheel Base
2000 mm
Overall width
1300 mm
Overall length
2635 mm
Overall Height
1692 mm
Grade ability
18%
Features
RE Compact 4s
Power
9.00Kw@6000rpm
Torque
16.7 N.m@4500rpm
Cubic Capacity
198.88 cc
Transmission
Clutch
Kerb weight
337 kg
Wheel Base
2000 mm
Overall width
1300 mm
Overall length
2635 mm
Overall Height
1704 mm
Grade ability
19%
(Diesel)
The trusted diesel engine with a superior design, gives greater mileage
First time in this category 5 Speed Gears for smooth gear shifting
Less expense on fuel which means more profit
The long-life engine that runs successfully for years, goes upto 1 lakh
kilometers
Big clutch lasts upto 35,000 kms
Longer lasting stronger chassis
New Skudo design gives more leg space
Comfortable seating position results in greater trips, with less fatigue
Car-like foot clutch & higher position of handle gives more leg space
6.19Kw@3400rpm
Torque
19.4 N.m@2600rpm
Cubic Capacity
447.3 cc
Transmission
5 forward + 1 reverse
Clutch
Kerb weight
371 kg
Wheel Base
2000 mm
Overall width
1300 mm
Overall length
2635 mm
Overall Height
1692 mm
Gradeability
18%
Torque
Cubic Capacity
447.3 cc
Transmission
5 forward + 1 reverse
Clutch
Dry-single plate
Kerb weight
414 kg
Wheel Base
2000 mm
Overall width
1330 mm
Overall length
2800 mm
Overall Height
1778 mm
Gradeability
18%
Powerful 447cc engine that runs upto 1 lakh kms (No need to change Barrel
Piston)
Maintenance-free CV shaft
Bigger clutch that runs upto 35,000kms
More powerful chassis lifts more weight
No need of frequent oil topping
More durable big end bearing than competition
Less expense on fuel means more profit
5 speed gear box gives smooth gear shifting
Torque
Cubic Capacity
447.3 cc
Transmission
5 forward + 1 reverse
Clutch
Dry-single plate
Kerb weight
505 kg
Wheel Base
2025 mm
Overall width
1422 mm
Overall length
3063 mm
Overall Height
1849 mm
Grade ability
18%
Technical Specification
Engine
Type
Displacement Ratio
Compression Ratio
Max. Power
Max. Torque
Clutch
Type
Transmission
Type
No. of Gears
Steering
Steering
Chassis
Chassis
Suspension
Front
Rear
Arm,Cylindrical
Springs,Assisted
Ground Clearance
160mm
Electrical System
System voltage
12 V
Battery
12 - V - 9/18/28 Ah, Maintenance free
Wiper
Single Blade, Motorised
Starting
Electric Start
Head lamps
Double Filiment, Twin 35w
Fuel Tank
Capacity
PETROL 12L ; CNG 22L cylinder
Fuel Consumption
<=354 g/Kw.h
Max Speed
60km/h
Overall Dimensions (mm)
Wheel Base
2000
Cargo Area (L X W X H)
Dimension
263013201750mm
Weight (Kg)
Net weight
350
Loading Capacity
350
Packing
20 FT container
8 UNITS IN SKD
40 FT container
18 UNITS IN SKD
40 HQ container
27 UNITS IN SKD, 35 UNITS IN CKD
by
Two
Service Chart
Suggestions
As in the case of regular auto stands, institute a proper system for providing pre
-paid/fixed fare auto stands across the city.
Conclusion
From the present study it was concluded that respiratory functions of the auto
rickshaw drivers who are continuously exposed to emissions from vehicles, petrol
vapor and dust were significantly reduced as compared to respiratory functions of
age, weight and height matched control groups. To prevent the respiratory
dysfunction among auto drivers, medical observation and periodic check ups for
pulmonary function tests should be performed.
Questionnaire
Questionnaire for Drivers
Profile of the Respondent
1. Name
2. Gender
Male
Female
3. Age (years)
i. 18-20
ii. 21-25
iii. 26-30
iv. 30-40
v. 40-50
vi. >50
Autorickshaw driver Age Group (Years)
Own Autorickshaw
Rented Autorickshaw
18-20
0%
3%
21-25
4%
16%
26-30
18%
27%
30-40
45%
40%
40-50
29%
13%
>50
3%
1%
Base
146
355
The Study revealed that a majority of the drivers of both categories fell in the age group of 30-40 years. In
the owner-operated category, the drivers in the age group of more 40 years were more (22 per cent) than
those in the driver-operated category (14 per cent). While there were no autorickshaw owners who were
driving their own vehicle in the age groups of 18-20 years, 3 per cent of the drivers who are driving the
autorickshaws on rent. There were also a significant number of drivers of rented autorickshaws in the age
group of 21-25 years, as compared to owner-operated ones.
4. Educational Qualification
i. < 8th pass
ii. 8th pass
iii. 10th pass
iv. 12th pass
v. Graduation
vi. Other
A majority of the drivers in both the categories are school dropouts (54 per cent). A mere 3 per cent are
graduates. There are more drivers with a 10 th pass amongst those that rent their autorickshaws (33 per
cent) than those that drive their own (29 per cent). This indicates that autorickshaw drivers in Chennai are
less educated and mostly school dropouts.
5. Marital Status
i) Married
ii) Single
6. Monthly income (Rs)
i) 3000
ii) 3000-5000
iii) 6000-8000
iv) 9000-12,000
v) 12,000-15,000
vi) 15,000-20,000
vii) >20,000
Professional Information:
7. Why do you drive an autorickshaw?
i) Did not get any other job
ii) Gives higher earning than other jobs
iii) Family business
iv) Friends/family suggested
8. How many years of experience do you have in driving autorickshaw?
i) Less than 1 year
ii) 3-5 yrs
ii) 5-10yrs
iv) 10-15yrs
v) 15-20yrs
vi) >20 yrs
Own
Rented
demanded: Own
autorickshaw vs
rented Rs
Rs 9
Rs 10
Rs 12
Rs 15
Rs 20
>Rs 20
Base
Autorickshaw
Autoricks
haw
7%
59%
14%
12%
4%
5%
146
8%
57%
11%
22%
1%
1%
355
Majority of the owner and the drivers of Autorickshaw rickshaws want the fare per kilometre to be raised
from Rs 6 to Rs 10. However, a substantial amount of the drivers (22 per cent) want the fare to be raised
to Rs 15 per kilometre.
13.On what basis do you charge fares: (can choose more than one)
i. Distance Routes
ii. Passenger: Local Resident or Outsider
iii. Fuel costs
iv. Rate of inflation in general
v. The ease of finding a passenger at the destination point
vi. Any other ( specify)
14.What should the meter down fare be increased to so that you start using the
meter? (for how many kilometres)
i. Rs 20
ii. Rs 25
iii) Rs 15
Meter Down Fare demanded by autorickshaw drivers (Rs)
A majority of autorickshaw drivers in Shivamogga admitted that they charged a fare of Rs 20 per
kilometre. While 41 per cent said they charged Rs 15 per kilometre, 4 per cent charged Rs 25 per
kilometre.
f) within 2 Lakh
g) >2 Lakh
h) Other..........
22. How did you finance the purchase?
a) Savings
b) Loan from bank
c) Loan from private financer, Seth
d) Govt. loan
e) Loan from friend/relatives
Mode of Purchase of Autorickshaw
The above graphs clearly tell that private financers are proactive in providing finance to buy
autorickshaws. A majority (46 per cent) of the autorickshaw owners has sourced their finance from
private financiers, and the cost is almost as much as that of a car. This has resulted in the transfer of
burden to the passengers, who have to pay a higher price for autorickshaw services.
23. What are the conditions for availing for loan: (choose the following)
a) Period of Loan:
i) 2Yrs ii) 3Yrs iii) 4yrs iv) 5yrs v) > 5yrs
b) Down Payment:
i) Rs 30,000
ii) Rs 50,000
iii) Rs 70,000
iv) > Rs 70,000
c) Monthly Installment
(EMI):
i) within 3000-5000
ii) 5000-7000
iii) other specify
24. What classes of passengers use autorickshaw services? (Choose any)
i) Lower class
ii) Lower Middle Class
iii) Middle Class
iv) Upper Middle Class
v) Upper class