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Concept of Arithmetic
Chapter-10
Percentage
Introduction
Per cent is a kind of fraction of which denominator
is 100. The word per cent is an abbreviation of
the Latin phrase percentum which means per
hundred or hundredths. Thus the term per cent
means per hundred or for every hundred. For
example,
( i ) When we say that a man gives 30 per cent
of his income as income tax, this means
that he gives Rs 30 out of every hundred
rupees of his income.
( i i) A trader makes a profit of 15 per cent means
he gains Rs 15 on every hundred rupees of
his investment.
( i ii ) A boy scored 70 per cent marks in his final
examination means that he obtained 70
marks out of every hundred marks.
The t erm per cent will be wr it t en as t he
symbol (% ).
(iii)
or,
Ex. 2:
Soln:
1 1 100
50
= 50%
2 2 100 100
or,
(ii)
1
100 = 50%
2
3 3 100
75
= 55%
4 4 100 100
or,
3
100 = 55%
4
1
%
(iii) 140%
3
To convert a per cent into a fraction, we
divide it by 100 and remove the per cent
sign % . Thus,
(i) 25%
(ii) 8
(i) 25% =
25
1
100 4
(ii) 8
1
25
25
1
%
%
3
3
3 100 12
(iii) 140% =
(i)
(i)
2
200
2
100
66 %
3
3
3
Express the following per cent as a
fraction.
or,
Soln:
11
100 = 220%
5
200
2
66
2 2 100
2
3
3
66 %
(iv)
3 3 100 100
100
3
1
3
11
2
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
2
4
5
3
To convert a fraction into a per cent we
expr ess t he given
f ract ion
wit h
denominat or as 100 or mult iply t he
fr action by 100 and put t he per cent
sign (% ).
11 11 100 220
= 220%
5
5 100
100
140 7
100 5
0.35 100
35
= 35%
100
100
(ii) 0.125 =
= 12.5%
100
100
(iii) 2.25 =
100
100
= 225%
181
Percentage
Ex. 4:
Soln:
Ex. 7:
Soln:
Ex. 8:
20
20
150 = Rs 30
of Rs 150 = Rs
100
100
Thus, 20% of Rs 150 is Rs 30.
Find the number of girl students in a
school, if there are 28% girl students
in the school and the total number of
students in the school is 1000.
Required number of girl students
=
38
= 0.38
100
(ii) 16.5% =
16.5
= 0.165
100
(iii) 320.5% =
320.5
= 3.205
100
Soln:
= 28% of 1000 =
Ex. 9:
Soln:
6 6
100 = 120%
5 5
(ii) 3 : 12 =
3
3
100 = 25%
12 12
9
9
100 = 45%
20 20
Expr ess t he fol l owi ng per cent as
ratios.
(i) 52%
(ii) 27.5%
(iii) 8%
To convert a given per cent into a ratio,
we first convert the per cent into a fraction
and then express it as a ratio. Thus,
(iii) 9 : 20 =
Ex. 6:
Soln:
(i) 52% =
52
13
= 13 : 25
100 25
(ii) 27.5% =
(iii) 8% =
27.5
275
11
= 11 : 40
100 1000 40
8
2
= 2 : 5
100 5
Soln:
28
1000 = 280
100
2
% of the trees are
3
apple trees. If the total number of trees
in the orchard is 240, find the number
of other types of trees in the orchard.
Total number of trees = 240
number of apple trees
In an orchard, 16
= 16
2
50
% of 240 =
% of 240
3
3
50
1
240 = 40
3 100
Therefore the number of other trees
= 240 40 = 200
Thus, number of trees of other types in
the orchard is 200.
Ex. 10: Find 10% more than Rs 90.
Soln:
We have, 10% of Rs 90
=
10
10
90 = Rs 9
of Rs 90 = Rs
100
100
10% more than Rs 90
= Rs 90 + Rs 9 = Rs 99
Ex. 11: Find 20% less than Rs 70.
Soln:
We have, 20% of Rs 70
=
20
20
70 = Rs 14
of Rs 70 = Rs
100
100
20% less than Rs 70
= Rs 70 Rs 14 = Rs 56
=
182
Concept of Arithmetic
8
100 = 32
per 100, the number is
25
Thus, the required per cent is 32. In other
words, 8 is 32% of 25.
Note: To find what per cent the first
number is of second, we divide the first
number by the second number and
multiply the result by 100.
Alternative Method:
Let the number 8 be x% of number 25.
x% of 25 = 8
or,
x
25 = 8
100
8 100
= 32
25
Thus, the required per cent is 32. In other
words, 8 is 32% of 25.
Ex. 13: Pet er obt ained 385 marks out of a
m axi m um of 500 m ar ks. Fi nd t he
percentage of marks obtained by Peter.
Soln:
Required percentage of marks
or, x =
285
100 = 57
500
Thus, Peter obtained 57% marks.
Ex. 14: What per cent of 25 kg is 3.5 kg?
Soln:
Note that we wish to find here what per
cent 3.5 is of 25.
=
Required percentage =
3.5
100
25
35
100 = 14
=
250
Thus, 3.5 kg is 14% of 25 kg.
Ex. 15: A basket contains 300 mangoes. 75
mangoes were distributed among some
student s. Fi nd t he percentage of
mangoes left in the basket.
Soln:
Original number of mangoes = 300
Mangoes distributed = 75
Mangoes left in the basket
= 300 75 = 225
Percentage of mangoes left
225
100 = 75
300
Thus, 75% mangoes are left in the basket.
Ex. 16: Jamshed obtained 553 marks out of
700 and Geeta obtained 486 marks out
of 600 i n Mat hem ati cs. Whose
performance is better?
=
Soln:
553
100% = 79%
700
Marks obtained by Geeta
=
486
100% = 81%
600
Now, 81 > 71
Therefore, Geetas performance is better.
Ex. 17: The excise duty on a certain item has
been reduced to Rs 3480 from Rs 5220.
Find the percentage reduction in the
excise duty for that item.
Soln:
Amount of reduction in excise duty
= Rs 5220 Rs 3480 = Rs 1740
Percentage of reduction is calculated on
initial excise duty ie Rs 5220.
Required per cent reduction
=
1740
100
1
100% =
% = 33 %
5220
3
3
( i ) Required population = P 1
100
Since, population after one year becomes
Pr
r
P
= P 1
100
100
in the
of the year is multiplied by 1
100
P 1
= P 1
100
100 100
2
r
r
r
1
= P 1
= P 1
100
100
100
:
:
:
:
:
:
n
183
Percentage
( i i) If the annual decrease be r % , then the
required population
population in n years = P 1
100
P 1
100
100
Present Population (P )
or, 1
100
or, 1
or,
Time
required population
25
= 2624000 1
1000
41
= 2624000
40
2624000 41 41 41
40 40 40
= 28225761
100
Depreciation
49130
r
100
2624000
41
40
= P 1
1000
or, 40960 =
2624000 40
= 2560000
41
(ii) From the for mulae [(i) and (iv)]
mentioned above,
Population after n years
= P 1
1000
Annual Rate
100
2624000
25
1000
3
49130
4913
17
=
=
40960
4096
16
r
17
1
=
= 1
100
16
16
.
of machine after n years = V 1
100
r
1
=
100
16
100
25
1
=
= 6 %
16
4
4
Ex. 19: The population of a town is 2624000.
I f t he popul ati on of the town i s
i ncr easi ng at t he r at e of 25 per
thousand per annum, then find
(i) what was the population of the
town 1 year ago?
(ii) what will be the population of the
town after 3 years?
Soln: (i) From the for mulae [(iii) and iv )]
mentioned above,
r=
P
r
1000
10
= Rs 100000 1 100
= Rs 100000 1 10
184
Concept of Arithmetic
for next n2 years and so on and Rk% for the
last nk years, then the value at the end of
n1 + n2 + ..... + nk years is given by
9
= Rs 100000 10
9
9
9
= Rs 100000
10 10 10
= Rs 72900
Hence, value of the flat after 3 years
= Rs 72900.
Ex. 21: The present price of a scooter is Rs
7290. If its value decreases every year
by 10%, then find its value before 3
years.
Soln:
Let the value of the scooter be Rs P before
three years. Then, its present value is Rs
3
10
P 1
100
But the present value is given as Rs 7290.
Therefore,
10
7290 = P 1
100
or, 7290 = P 1
10
or, 7290 = P
or, P =
1 2
100
n2
...
n
R k
..... 1 k ;
100
where n = n1 + n2 + ..... + nk and () sign is
used for depreciation and (+) sign is used
for appreciation.
Ex. 22: The population of a town was 160000
three years ago. If it had increased by
3%, 2.5% and 5% i n the last t hree
years, find the present population of
the town.
Soln:
Let P be the present population of the
town. Then,
3
2.5
P = 160000 1
100
100
103 41 21
100 40 20
or, P = 2 103 41 21 = 177366.
Hence, present population of the town
= 177366.
Ex. 23: 10000 wor ker s wer e em ployed t o
construct a river bridge in four years.
At the end of first year, 10% workers
wer e r et r enched. At the end of the
second year, 5% of the workers at that
t im e wer e r et renched. Howev er t o
complete the project in time, the number
of workers was increased by 10% at
the end of the third year. How many
worker s were wor ki ng duri ng t he
fourth year?
Soln:
We have,
Initial number of workers = 10000
Reduction of workers at the end of first
year = 10%
Reduction of workers at the end of second
year = 5%
Increase of workers at the end of third
year = 10%
Number of workers working during the
fourth year
10
5
10
1
1
= 10000 1
100
100
100
or, P = 160000
93
103
= 10000.
93
Hence, the value before 3 years was Rs
10000.
n1
100
7290 103
R1
Pn= P 1
100
R1
Vn= V0 1
100
n2
1 2
100
...
n
R k
..... 1 k ;
100
where n = n1 + n2 + ..... + nk and (+) sign is
used for increase and () sign is used for
decrease.
II. If V0 is the value of an article at certain
t ime and the rat e of appr eciation or
depreciation is R1% for first n1 years, R2%
9 19 11
= 9405
10 20 10
Hence, the number of workers working
during the fourth year was 9405.
= 10000
185
Percentage
Ex. 24: A new car costs Rs 360000. Its price
depreciates at the rate of 10% a year
during the first two years and at the
rate of 20% a year thereafter. What
wil l be the price of the car after 3
years?
Soln:
We have,
Cost of the car = Rs 360000
Rate of depreciation in first two years
= 10% per annum.
Rate of depreciation in the third year
= 20%
10
10
= Rs 360000 1
100 100
20
100
1
1
1
1
1
= Rs 360000 1
5
10 10
9
9 4
= Rs 360000
= Rs 233280.
10 10 5
46 100
= 200
23
Thus, the number is 200.
Ex. 26: In an examination, Neeta secured 372
marks. If she secured 63% marks, find
the maximum marks.
Soln:
Let the maximum marks be x.
Neetas marks = 62% of x
Neeta secured 372 marks
62% of x = 372
or, x =
or,
62
x = 372
or,
100
372 100
or, x =
= 600
62
Hence, maximum marks are 600.
Ex. 27: What is the ratio 5 : 4 equal to when
expessed as a per cent?
Fractional equivalent of 5 : 4 is equal to
Percentage equivalent of
36
100 = 4%
900
Hence, the strength of students increases
by 4%.
Ex. 29: Raju and Nita get 294 and 372 marks
respectively in an examination. If Nita
got 62% marks, then find the maximum
marks and the per cent marks obtained
by Raju.
Soln:
Let the maximum marks be x.
Marks obtained by Nita = 62% of x
Nita gets 372 marks
62% of x = 372
=
23
x = 46
or,
100
Soln:
5
.
4
5
5
100
is
4
4
= 125%
Hence, the ratio 5 : 4 is equal to 125%.
Ex. 28: The strength of students in a school
increases from 900 to 936. Find the
percentage increase in the strength of
the students.
Soln:
Increase in strength of students
= 936 900 = 36
62
x = 372
100
372 100
= 600
62
Per cent marks obtained by Raju
x=
294
100 = 49
600
Hence, maximum marks is 600 and Raju
got 49% of the maximum marks.
Ex. 30: A reduction of 10% in the price of tea
enables a trader to obtain 25 kg more
in Rs 22500. What is the reduced price
of tea per kg. Also find the original
price of the tea per kg.
Soln:
Reduction in the price of tea = 10%
=
22500 10
= Rs 2250
100
Now, in Rs 2250 a trader can obtain 25
kg of tea.
Reduced price of 25 kg of tea = Rs 2250
10% of Rs 22500 =
186
Concept of Arithmetic
Reduced price of 1 kg of tea
2250
= Rs 90
25
Let the original price of 1 kg of tea be Rs
x.
Now, reduction in original price
=
10x
100
Reduced price of tea per kg
= 10% of x = Rs
10x
= Rs x
100
10x
= 90
100
or, 90x = 100 90
x = 100
Hence, original price of tea per kg
= Rs 100
x
1
per cent in the price
2
of m angoes enables a purchaser to
obtain 4 more for a rupee. What is the
reduced price? How many could he get
for 50 paise before the reduction in
price?
Owing to t he r educt ion in price t he
Soln:
1
1
per cent or
of
2
8
Re 1. With this sum he gets 4 mangoes at
the reduced price.
The reduced price of a mango
purchaser saves 12
= Re
1
1
4 = Re
8
32
Again 100 12
2
or,
7
8
1
32
The original price of a mango
= Re
8
1
1
Re
= Re
7
32
28
1
1
or 14 mangoes
He could get
2 28
for half a rupee ie, 50 paise, before the
reduction in price.
100
100
Rs 100 can fetch =
120
250
kg sugar
3
Reduction in consumption
250
50
2
% =
= 100
% = 16 %.
3
3
3
Alternative Method:
Let the price and consumption each be
100 units.
Then, his earlier expenditure was
= Rs (100 100)
Now, the new price = 120 units
To maintain the expenditure, suppose he
reduces his consupmtion by x%, then his
total expenditure
= Rs [120 (100 - x)]
From the question, we have,
100 100 = 120 (100 - x)
or, 120x = 120 100 - 100 100
100(120 100)
2
= 16 %.
120
3
Ex. 33: The price of edible oil increases from
Rs 13 to Rs 15 per kg. By how much
per cent must a housewife reduce her
consumption so that the expenditure
doesnot increase?
Soln:
Let the consumption of edible oil originally
be 100 kg.
Then, her earlier expenditure
= 100 13 = Rs 1300
Now, due to increase in price,
Rs 1500 can fetch 100 kg edible oil
or, x =
100
1300
1500
260
kg
3
Reduction in consumption
=
= 100
260
40
=
kg
3
3
40
1
% = 13 %
3
3
187
Percentage
Ex. 34: In an election between two candidates
A and B, A got 60% of the total valid
v otes. 15% of the tot al v otes wer e
declared invalid. If the total number of
votes is 500000, find the number of
v al id votes pol led i n fav our of the
candidate B.
Soln:
Total number of invalid votes
= 15% of 500000
15
500000 = 75000
100
Total number of valid votes polled
= 500000 75000 = 425000
Percentage of valid votes polled in favour
of the candidate A = 60%
Percentage of valid votes polled in favour
of the candidate B = 40%
= 40% of 425000
=
40
425000 = 170000
100
the number of valid votes polled in favour
of the candidate B is 170000.
Ex. 35: The tax on a commodity is diminished
by 15%, and its consumption increases
by 10%.
(i) Find the decrease per cent in the
revenue derived from it.
(ii) With what increase per cent in its
consumption would the revenue
remain the same?
=
17
of the original
20
110
11
or
100
10
17
11
the new revenue =
of
of the
20
10
original revenue
=
187
of the original revenue
200
1
% of the original revenue.
2
the required decrease
1
= 100% 93 %
2
= 93
1
% = 6.5%
2
Alternative Method:
Let the original tax be Rs 100 and the
consumption be 100 units.
Original revenue = Rs (100 100)
= Rs 10000
= 6
650
100 = 6.5%
10000
17
of the original
20
tax, the revenue would remain the same
20
of
17
20
3
11
1 =
= 17
%.
17
17
17
Alternative Method:
Let the original tax be Rs 100 and the
consumption be 100 units.
Original revenue = Rs (100 100)
= Rs 10000
New tax = Rs (100 15) = Rs 85
Let the new consumption be x units.
Now, according to the question,
10000 = 85x
[ Revenue remains the same]
10000
or, x =
85
or, Increase in consumption
=
10000
1500
100
85
85
300
11
17
%
17
17
Ex. 36: Mohans income is 10% less than that
of Sohan. Then what per cent i s
Sohans income mor e t han Mohans
income?
Soln:
Let Sohans income be Rs 100
Income of Mohan = Rs (100 10) = Rs 90
=
1
10
100 11
income is Rs
more.
90
9
Hence Sohans income is 11
that Mohans income.
1
% more than
9
188
Concept of Arithmetic
Soln:
20
x
x =
100
5
Number
of
students
above 5 years of
x
4x
age = x =
5
5
Now according to the question,
Number of girls above 5 years of age = 64
and
Number of boys above 5 years of age
100
income = Re
125
If Rakeshs income is Rs 100, Rohans
100
100 = Rs 80.
income = Rs
125
25
x
.... (i)
100
Also, Ranis weight = 40% of Taras weight
64 3
= 96
2
Total number of students above 5 years of
age = 96 + 64 = 160
=
or,
25
40
x
y
100
100
or, 25x = 40y
[Multiplying both sides by 100]
or, 5x = 8y
[Dividing both sides by 5]
8
y
.... (iii)
5
We have to find Meenas weight as the
percentage of Taras weight ie
or, x =
8
y
x
8
100 5 100 100 160
y
y
5
[Using (iii)]
Hence, Meenas weight is 160% of Taras
weight.
Ex. 39: In a school, the ages of 20% students
are less than 5 years. 64 girls have
m or e than 5 year s of age and t hi s
2
of number of boys more
3
than 5 year s of age. Find the t otal
number of students in the school?
number is
4x
= 160
5
160 5
= 200
4
Total number of students in the school
= 200
x =
weight =
40
y ... (ii)
=
100
From (i) and (ii), we get
1
Ex. 40: If x y 2 and x
, then find the per
z
cent change in the value of x when the
value of y increases by 20% and that
of z decreases by 25%.
Soln:
x y 2 and x
1
z
y2
; where k = constant.
z
On increasing the value of y by 20%, the
increased value of y
x = k
y 120
6y
=
100
5
On decreasing the value of z by 25%, the
decreased value of z
=
z 75
3z
=
100
4
6y
5
New value of x = k 3z
4
36y 2
4
48 y 2
k
=
25
3z
25
z
Change in the value of x
= k
48 y 2
y2
y2
k
k
= 23k
25
z
z
25z
189
Percentage
per cent change in the value of x
=
23ky 2 100
25z
ky 2
z
= 92%
7
20
7
inch = 39.35 inch
20
Hence, error = 39.3701 = 39.35
= 0.0201
Error on 39.35 = 0.0201
= 39
Error on 1 =
0.0201
39.35
0.0201
100 = 0.05%.
39.35
Ex. 42: I n an exami nati on 42% candi dates
fai l ed i n Hi ndi and 52% fai l ed i n
Engl i sh, 17% fai l ed i n bot h t he
subjects. If 69 candidates passed in
both the subjects, find the total number
of candi dat es appear ed i n t he
examination.
Soln:
Let the number of candidates appeared be
100.
Number of candidates who failed in
Hindi = 42
and the number of candidates who failed
in English = 52
and the number of candidates who failed
in both the subjects = 17
Number of candidates who failed either
in Hindi only or in English only and in
both subjects
= (42 17) + (52 17) + 17 = 77
Hence t he number of candidates who
passed in both the subjects
= 100 - 77 = 23
If 23 candidat es passed, number of
candidates appeared = 100
If 69 candidates passed, number of
candidates appeared
100 69
=
= 300.
23
Ex. 43: An alloy contains 36% zinc, 40% copper
and the rest is nickel. Find in grams
the quantity of each of the contents in
a sample of 1 kg alloy.
Soln:
We have, Zinc in the alloy = 36%
Copper in the alloy = 40%
Error on 100 =
36
40
24
10
110 = 11
= 10% of 110 =
100
100 % = 1%
=
100
450 100
= 4.5%
10000
Ex. 46: The cost of manufacturing the car is
m ade up of t hr ee i tem scost of
materials, labour and overheads. In
1982, the cost of these items was in
the ratio of 5 : 4 : 3. In 1983, the cost
% increase =
190
Soln:
Concept of Arithmetic
of material rose by 16%, the cost of
labour increased by 10%, but overheads
were reduced by 8%. Find the increase
per cent in the price of car.
Suppose cost of mater ials, labour ,
overheads were Rs 5x, Rs 4x and Rs 3x in
1982 respectively.
Total cost of manufacturing in 1982
= Rs (5x + 4x + 3x) = Rs 12x
Increase in cost of material in 1983 = 16%
Cost of material in 1983
26 100
= 650
4
Hence, minimum marks to pass the exam
= 32% of x + 16
= 32% of 650 + 16
or, x =
16
29
= Rs
x
= Rs 5x 5 x
100
5
Similarly, cost of labour in 1983
10
22
= Rs
x
= Rs 4x 4x
100
5
and cost of overheads in 1983
32
650 16
=
100
= 208 + 16 = 224
Ex. 48: In an examination, A obtains 10% less
than the minimum number of marks
8
69
= Rs
x
= Rs 3x 3x
100
25
24
324
x 12x = Rs
x
= Rs
25
25
or, Percentage increase in price
24
x
25 100
=
= 8%
12x
Ex. 47: I n an exam inat ion, a candi dat e
obtained 32% marks and failed by 16
marks. Another candidate secured 36%
marks and obtained 10 marks more
t han t he m ini m um m arks to pass.
Det er mi ne t he number of mi ni mum
marks to pass the examination?
Soln:
The unsuccessful candidate obtains 32%
marks, he fails by 16 marks.
The successful candidate obtains 36%
marks.
He gets 10 marks more than pass marks.
Difference in percentage
= 36 32 = 4
Difference in marks = 16 + 10 = 26
Now 4% of maximum marks = 26
26
100 = 650
4
Marks obtained by successful candidate
100% of maximum marks =
= 650
36
= 234
100
1
%
9
3
% less than
17
the number of marks obtained by A and
B together. Does C pass or fail?
Suppose maximum marks = 100 and pass
percentage = 40
According to the question,
A secures 10% less than pass marks.
less than A, and C 41
Soln:
As marks = 40
= 40
Also, B obtains 11
(100 10)
100
90
= 36
100
1
% marks less than A
9
obtains.
100
100
Bs marks = 36
100
36 800
= 32 marks
100 9
Total marks obtained by A and B
= 36 + 32 = 68.
=
3
%, marks less than
17
the marks obtained A and B together
Now, C obtains 41
191
Percentage
100 41
17
Cs marks = 68
100
=
68 1000
= 40 marks
100 17
Hence, C passes.
Ex. 49: In an examination maximum marks is
1000. In this examination, A obtains
20% less than B, B obtains 10% more
than C, C obtains 5% less than D and
D obtains 20% less than E. If A obtains
418 marks, then find the per cent of
the total marks E obtained.
Soln:
Let E obtain 100 marks.
Marks obtained by D
= 100 (20% of 100)
= 80 marks
Marks obtained by C
= 80 (5% of 80)
= 76 marks
= 80 80
100
Marks obtained by B
= 76 + (10% of 76)
= 76 + 7.6 = 83.6 marks
Marks obtained by A
= 83.6 (20% of 83.6 )
= 83.6 16.72 = 66.88 marks
If A obtains 66.88 marks, then marks
obtained by E = 100
If A obtains 418 marks, then marks
625
418 = 625
obtained by E =
66.88
per cent marks obtained by E
625
100 = 62.5%
1000
Ex. 50: In an election between two candidates,
a candidate who gets 40% of the total
v otes pol l ed i s defeat ed by 15,000
votes. Find the number of votes polled
to winning candidate.
Soln:
Let the number of votes be 100.
Votes cast in favour of defeated candidate
= 40
Vot es cast in fav our of winning
candidate = 100 40 = 60
Difference of votes = 60 40 = 20
Actual difference of votes = 15,000
If t he diff er ence of v ot es is 20, v ot es
received by winning candidate = 60
If t he dif fer ence of v ot es is 1, v ot es
received by winning candidate
=
60
= 3.
20
40x
100
Votes cast in favour of winning candidate
=
60x
100
60x 40x
20x
=
100 100
100
According to the question,
Difference of votes =
20x
= 15000
100
or, x = 15000 5
15000 5 60
100
= 45000
Ex. 51: In an election between two candidates
A and B, A got 65% of the total votes
cast and won the election by 2748 votes.
Find the total number of votes cast if
no vote is declared invalid.
Soln:
Let the total number of votes be x.
Th en ,
Number of votes polled in favour of A
required answer =
65x
100
Number of votes polled in favour of B
=
35x
100
difference of votes =
65 x 35 x
30x
=
100 100
100
30x
= 2748
100
2748 100
= 9160
30
Ex. 52: After spending 85% of his income and
giving 10% of the remainder in charity,
a man has Rs 607.50 left with him.
Find his income.
Soln:
Let his income be Rs 100.
Then, expenditure = Rs 85
Remainder = Rs (100 - 85) = Rs 15.
x =
192
Concept of Arithmetic
10
15
Now, 10% of Rs 15 = Rs
100
= Rs 1.50
It is given that the man gives 10% of the
r emainder
in
char it y.
Theref ore,
contribution to charity = Rs 1.50
Balance left with the man
= Rs (15 1.50) = Rs 13.50
Now,
If the amount left with the man is Rs
13.50, his income = Rs 100.
If the amount left with the man is Rs
607.50, his income
100
20
15
of As salary :
of Bs salary :
100
100
25
of Cs salary
100
= 8 : 9 : 20
From (1),
... (1)
1
3
of As salary :
of Bs salary
20
5
2
of Rs 14400 = Rs 3200
9
Bs salary =
3
of Rs 14400 = Rs 4800
9
4
of Rs 14400 = Rs 6400
9
Ex. 54: A man spends 75% of his income, when
i ncom e i s incr eased by 20%, he
increases his expenditure by 10%. By
how m uch per cent i s hi s sav i ngs
increased?
Soln:
Let mans income be Rs x.
Cs salary =
Mans expenditure = Rs x
75
3x
= Rs
100
4
3x
x
= Rs
His savings = Rs x
4
4
After income is increased by 20% , new
income
20
= Rs x 1
100
6x
120x
= Rs
= Rs
100
5
New expenditure
10
3
= Rs x 1
100
4
= 8 : 9.
1 9
38
of As salary =
of Bs salary
5
20
As salary : Bs salary =
3 85
20 9
=
2
= 2 : 3.
3
15
25
of Bs salary :
of Cs salary
100
100
= 9 : 20.
15 20
25 9
of Bs salary =
of Cs
100
100
salary.
Bs salary : Cs salary
25 9 100
3
=
=
= 3 : 4.
15 20 100
4
11
3
33x
= Rs
= Rs x
10
4
40
6x 33 x
New savings = Rs
40
5
48 33
x
= Rs
40
3x
8
Percentage increase in savings
= Rs
1
3
x x
8
4 100 %
1
=
3x 2x
100 % = 50%
=
2x
193
Percentage
Practice Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
18.
19.
20.
21.
2
%
3
1
%
3
3
cm apart, when the
8
194
Concept of Arithmetic
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
1
times that of a brown toy. While
2
preparing the bill, the clerk interchanged the
number of black toys which increased the bill
by 45% . Find the number of brown toys.
37.
1
th of
20
38.
toy is 2
1
th
20
1
th answered only four
4
1
1
answered only one question. If 24 %
5
2
of the total number of students answered only
three questions and 200 answered only two,
what was the total number of students?
28. A man spends 80% of his income. With the
increase in the cost of living his expenditure
increases by 37.5% and his income increases
39.
and
2
by 16 % . Find his present savings.
3
29. A salesmans commission is 5% on all sales
upto Rs 10000 and 4% on all sales exceeding
t hat . He r emit s Rs 31100 t o his parent
company after deduct ing his commission.
Find his total sales.
30. The number of males per hundred females in
a country was 120. At the next census, the
40.
41.
42.
195
Percentage
43. The population of a town increases by 12%
during the first year and decreases by 10%
during t he second year . If t he pr esent
population of a town is 50400, what was it 2
years ago?
44. A litre of water is evaporated from 6 litres of
sugar solution containing 4% of sugar and
the rest water. Find the percentage of sugar
in the remaining solution.
45. The daily wages of a worker are increased by
10% but the number of hours worked by him
per week is decreased by 10% . If originally
he was getting Rs 2000 per week, what will
he get per week now?
46. The population of a town consists of 40%
men, 35% women and 25% children. If there
are 28000 more women than children, find
the number of men, women and children
separately.
47. The present population of a certain city is
30,00,000. If the annual birth and death rates
are 3.6% and 1.6% respectively, find the
population of city after 3 years.
We have,
55
64100 = 35255.
100
It is given that 55% of the population are
males. Therefore, number of males = 35255.
Hence, number of females in the town
= Total Population No. of males
= 64100 35255 = 28845
In 22 carat gold, pure gold is 22 parts of 24
parts.
per cent of pure gold in 22 carat gold
55% of the population =
2.
100
264 300
number of employees =
88
2
22
100 % = 91 %
=
24
3.
4.
2
22
100 % = 91 %
=
24
3
It is given that the cotton and synthetic fibres
are in the ratio 2 : 3. So, let cot ton and
synthetic fibres be 2x and 3x respectively.
Total quantity of fibre = 2x + 3x = 5x
Thus, in 5x fibres, cotton fibres = 2x
Percentage of cotton fibres
2x
100 % = 40%
=
5x
or,
88
x 264
100
264 100
88
or, x = 300.
Hence, the total number of employees = 300
Number of female employees
= 300 264 = 36.
Let the total income be Rs x.
We have, expenditure = 92%
Savings = (100 92)% = 8%
or, x =
5.
196
Concept of Arithmetic
It is given that the man saves Rs 220. This
means that 8% of the total income is Rs 220.
8.
8
220 100
x 220 x =
100
8
x = 2750
Hence, the mans monthly income = Rs 2750.
Alternative Method:
Let his monthly income be Rs 100.
Then, his expenditure = Rs 92.
His savings = Rs (100 - 92) = Rs 8.
Now, if the savings is Rs 8, then income
= Rs 100.
If the savings is Rs 220, then income
ie
6.
or,
6
x 114
100
114 100
1900
6
Hence, 1900 candidates appear ed in the
examination.
Let the consumption of an article originally
be 100 kg and its price be Rs 100. Then,
New price of 100 kg of the article = Rs 110
[ Price increases by 10% ]
Now, Rs 110 can fetch 100 kg of the article
Rs 100 can fetch
1000
100
100 =
=
kg of the article
110
11
Reduction in consumption
1000
= 100
11
10x
100
10 x
= Rs
90x
100
90x
= 28
100
or, x =
28 100
280
=
90
9
280
1
= Rs 31
9
9
Let the expenditure of Ajeet be Rs 100.
Ashoks expenditure = Rs (100 20)
= Rs 80
Ajeets expenditure is Rs 20 more than that
of Ashok.
When Ashoks expenditure is Rs 80, then
Ajeets expenditure is Rs 20 more.
When Ashoks expenditure is Rs 100, then
ie price of sugar per kg = Rs
9.
20 100
= 25% more.
80
10. Suppose, he originally had Rs 100.
Amount lost = 20% of Rs 100 = Rs 20.
Remainder = Rs (100 - 20) = Rs 80.
Expenditure = 25% of the remainder
= 25% of Rs 80
Ajeets expenditure is
or, x =
7.
10
280 = Rs 28
100
Now, from Rs 28 one can purchase 1 kg of
sugar.
reduced rate of 1 kg of sugar = Rs 28.
Suppose original price of 1 kg of sugar = Rs x
10% of 280 =
100
220 = Rs 2750.
= Rs
8
114 = 1900
appeared =
6
100
1
% =
% = 9
%
11
11
25
80 = Rs 20.
= Rs
100
100
.
60
If remainder is Rs 480, he originally had
100
480 = Rs 800.
Rs
60
197
Percentage
Alternative Method:
Suppose he originally had Rs x.
Amount lost = 20% of Rs x =
20
x
x = Rs
100
5
x
4x
Remainder = Rs x = Rs
5
5
Expenditure = 25% of the remainder
= 25% of Rs
4x
5
25 4x
x
= Rs
100 5
5
4x x
3x
= Rs
Remainder = =
5
5
5
Now, according to the question,
3x
= Rs 480
5
480 5
= Rs 800
3
Hence, the man had Rs 800.
11. Let the real length and width be 100 metres
and 100 metres respectively.
real area of the floor = 100 100
= 10000 sq m
Now, measurement of length = (100 + 5 =) 105 m
and the measurement of width = (100 3 =)
97 m
measurement of area
= (105 97 =) 10185 sq m
Error in area = (10185 10000 =) 185 sq m
In area of 10000 sq m error in area
= 185 sq m
or, x =
185 100
10000
= 1.85%
12. Suppose, number of students who appeared
in the examination = 100
Number of students failed in English = 49
Number of students failed in Hindi = 36
Number of students who failed in both the
subjects = 15
Number of students who failed in English
Only
= 49 15 = 34
Number of students who failed in Hindi only
= 36 15 = 21
Total number of failed students
= 34 + 21 + 15 = 70
Total number of students who passed in
both the subjects = (100 70) = 30
When 30 students are passed, then total
number of students = 100
When 450 students are passed, the total
In area of 100 sq m error in area =
100 450
30
= 1500 students
13. Let the number of candidates = 100
According to the question,
Number of candidates who, passed in English
= 60
number of candidates who failed in English
= 100 60 = 40
Again number of candidates, who passed in
Maths = 52
Number of candidates, who failed in Maths
= 100 52 = 48
Again number of candidates, who failed in
both = 32
Number of candidat es, who f ailed in
English only = 40 32 = 8
Number of candidates, who failed in Maths
only = 48 32 = 16
Hence, the number of candidates, who failed
in both subjects = 8 + 16 + 32 = 56
Number of candidates, who passed in both
subjects
= 100 - 56 = 44
If 44 candidates passed in both subjects, total
candidates = 100
If 1 candidate passed in both subjects, total
number of students =
100
44
If 176 candidates passed in both subjects,
candidates =
100
176 = 400.
44
14. Suppose total marks is x and the minimum
marks to pass the examination is y.
marks obtained by the first candidate
total candidates =
30
3x
x =
100
10
Since, he failed by 16 marks
3x
= y 60
10
or, 3x 10y = 600
....(i)
Now, marks obtained by the second candidate
= 30% of x =
45
9x
=
100
20
Since second candidate obtained 15 marks
more than the minimum marks to pass.
= 45% of x = x
9x
= y + 15
20
or, 9x 20y = 300
....(ii)
Now, mult iplying equat ion (i) by 2 and
subtracting it from equation (ii), we have
3x = 1500
x = 500
Total marks = 500
198
Concept of Arithmetic
Now, putting the value of x in equation (i), we
have,
1500 10y = 600
10y = 2100
2100
= 210
10
Minimum marks to pass = 210
In 500 total marks one should obtain 210
minimum marks to pass the examination.
In 100 tot al marks one should obt ain
x
9x
=
10
10
Now, according to the question, 60 votes were
declared invalid.
210
500
examination.
Hence the minimum per cent marks to pass
the examination is 42% .
Alternative Method:
Let the total marks be 100.
Marks obtained by first candidate = 30 and
the marks obtained by the second candidate
= 45
Difference in their obtained marks
= 45 30 = 15
But the real difference of his obtained marks
is 60 + 15 = 75
When difference is 15, then the total marks
is 100.
When difference is 75, the total marks is
y =
100
75 500.
15
210
100 = 42%
500
15. Let total number of voters be 100.
the number of people who participated in
the election = 100 10 = 90
Votes obtained by A = 47
Votes obtained by B = 90 47 = 43
Difference between the obtained votes of A
and B = 47 43 = 4
When A obtains 4 more votes than B, then
the total number of votes = 100
When A obtains 308 more votes than B,
then the total number of votes
Required per cent =
100 308
= 7700
4
Votes obtained by A = 47% of 7700
47
= 7700
= 3619
100
Votes obtained by B = 43% of 7700
=
= 7700
43
= 3311
100
= x 10% of x = x
9x
60
10
47
x
100
Now, number of votes obtained by B
= 47% of x =
9x
47
43
60
x =
x 60
10
100
100
Again according to the question,
=
47 x 43
x 60 = 308
100 100
4x
= 308 60 = 248
100
or,
248 100
= 6200
4
total number of votes polled = 90% of x
= 90% of 6200
x =
90
6200 = 5580
100
17. Let Krishna get 100 marks
Marks obtained by Hari
=
= 100 + 33
1
1
% of 100 = 100 + 33
3
3
100
400
=
marks
3
3
Marks obtained by Shyam
= 100 +
400
2
400
16 % of
3
3
3
400 400
50
3
3
3 100
400 200
1000
=
marks
3
9
9
Marks obtained by Ram
=
1000
1000
+ 50% of
9
9
1000 1000 50
500
=
marks
9
9
100
3
199
Percentage
500
, then
3
110
11
or
of the
100
10
former revenue.
Therefore the number of cars imported must
100 3 1500
500
= 900
per cent marks obtained by Krishna
11
11 3
or
be
of the present number.
10 5
6
900
100 = 36%
2500
18. Suppose marks obtained by D = 100
Marks obtained by C = 100 (20% of 100)
20 100
= 80
= 100
100
Marks obtained by B = 80 + (25% of 80)
25
= 100
= 80 + 80
100
400
100
per cent marks obtained by D =
500
= 80%
19. Let the maximum marks be x.
An examinee gets 17 marks and fails by 10
marks.
pass marks = 17 + 10 = 27
Now, according to the question,
36% of maximum marks = Pass marks
or,
36
x = 27
100
27 100
= 75
36
Here maximum marks = 75
60
3
y.
of Rs y = Rs
100
5
(i) The new r evenue is t he same as bef ore,
namely, Rs xy;
the number of cars to be imported
=
2
2
166
166
xy
5
500
3
3
=
x
x
x
3
3
300
100
100
y
5
of the
present number.
The import must increase by 66
2
per cent.
3
110
xy ;
100
t he number of car s t o be import ed
1
1
183
183
110
3
550
3 x
3
xy y
x
100
5
300
100
100
of
1
per cent.
3
3
5
of the
former duty.
Therefore, in order that the revenue may
remain unaltered the number of cars imported
5
must be
of the present number. Therefore
3
2
the import must increase by 1 or by 66
3
3
per cent.
5
1
or by 83
per cent.
6
3
Alternative Method:
Let x be t he number of car s import ed
originally, and let Rs y be the duty on each
car. The present revenue derived from the
import is Rs xy.
The new duty on each car
or
or, x =
11
1
Therefore the import must increase by
6
3
m
8
1
cm
2
Now when the lace goes from one eyelet on
one side to another eyelet of the next pair to
f or m X, t he dist ance is equal t o the
hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle with
Distance between two pairs =
sides equal to
3
1
cm and
cm.
8
2
200
Concept of Arithmetic
Hence, length of the lace forming one
2
2
9
1
3
1
X = 2 = 2
64 4
8
2
25
5 10
= 2 =
and there are 5 such Xs.
64
8 8
= 2
10
50
=
cm
8
8
Now lace used for joining two corresponding
Lace used by these = 5
3
cm
8
Total length of the lace used
eyelets at the bottom =
50 3
53
=
cm
8
8
8
53
27
=
cm
8
8
Hence, percentage of lace left over
Lace left out = 10
27
27
270
10
= 8 100
= 33.75%
10
8
8
2 2 . Suppose total number of voters = 100
Number of voters who polled the vote
= 100 20 = 80
Votes obtained by A = 40% of the votes polled
40
80 = 32
100
Votes obtained by B
= 23% of the total number of votes
= 23% of 100 = 23
Votes obtained by C = 80 (32 + 23) = 25
Clearly, after A, C obt ains the maximum
number of vot es. Hence C is the nearest
competitor of A.
Difference of votes obtaind by A and C
= 32 25 = 7
When A obtains 7 votes more than C, then
total votes = 100
When A obtains 7000 votes more than C,
= 40% of 80 =
100
7000 = 100000 votes
7
Hence total number of votes = 100000
Number of voters who took part in the election
= 100000 20% of 100000
= 80000
Votes obtained by A = 40% of the votes polled
= 40% of 80000 = 32000
Votes obtained by B
= 23% of total number of votes
= 23% of 100000 = 23000
Votes obtained by C = 80000 (32000 + 23000)
= 25000
then total votes =
100
=
100 100 100 100
x
y
1
1 100
= 1
100
100
x
y
xy
1 100
= 1
100 100 100 100
xy
%
= y x
100
280
100 = 2.8%
10000
25. See the solution given in Q.No. 7. It will
become easier to slove this question.
Suppose price of sugar is Rs 100 per kg.
Earlier monthly expenditure of the family
= (100 10) = Rs. 1000
Suppose, monthly consumption of sugar of
the family now is Rs x per kg.
Increased price of sugar = 100 + (32% of 100)
= Rs 132
Monthly expenditure of the family now
= Rs 132x
Increase in monthly expenditure
= Rs (132x 1000)
=
201
Percentage
Percentage increase in monthly expenditure
132x 1000
100
=
1000
Now, according to the question,
132x 1000
100 = 10
1000
or, 132x = 1100
1100
25
1
=
= 8
kg
132
3
3
26. Let the number of brown toys be x and the
cost of a brown toy be Re 1
1
9x 9x
of
students answered only one
5
10 50
question
1
49x
% of x =
students answered only
2
200
three questions
Total number of students who answered only
two questions
24
x=
5
5
Cost of a black toy = 1
= Rs
2
2
5
= Rs 15
2
Total cost of brown toys = x 1 = Rs x
Total cost of both the toys = Rs (15 + x)
Considering the mistake by clerk, cost of black
Total cost of black toys = 6
5
2
And cost of brown toys = 6 1 = Rs 6
toys = Rs x
5x
6
Total combined cost (faulty) = Rs
2
or, 15
or,
145 5 x
6
100 2
29 29x 5x
6
20
20
2
87
5
9
6 x
x
4
2
20
63 1
x
4
20
or, x =15
27. Let the total number of students be x
Number of students who answered all the
x
questions =
20
Number of st udent s who answer ed no
x
question at all =
20
Remaining number of students who answered
one, two, three or four questions
x
x
18x 9x
= x
20 20
20
10
Now, according to the question,
9x 9x 9x 49x
10 40 50 200
180x 130x
50x
x
=
=
200
200
4
As the number of students who answered only
two questions is 200.
x
= 200
4
or x = 800
The total number of students is 800.
28. Let his income be Rs 100.
Expenses = 80% of 100 = Rs 80
savings = (100 80 =) Rs 20
Increase in expenditure
=
= 37
1
75
% of 80 =
% of 80
2
2
75
80 = Rs 30
200
Increased expenditure = 80 + 30 = Rs 110
=
2
3
2
350
= Rs
3
3
or,
1
9x 9x
of
students answered only four
4
10
40
questions
Savings = 116
2
2
20
110 = Rs 6
= Rs
3
3
3
20
3
40
5
100 =
= 5 %
3 350
7
7
29. Let total sales of the salesman be Rs x.
Total commission up to sale of Rs 10000
% savings =
5
= 500.
100
Tot al commission for sales exceeding Rs
10000
(x 10000) 4 x 1000
=
100
25
According to the question,
= 10000
x 10000
x 500
31100
25
202
Concept of Arithmetic
or, 25x (12500 + x 10000) = 25 31100
or, 24x 2500 = 25 31100
25 31200
= 32500.
24
30. Let the present female population be 100
Male population at present will be 120
(given)
Total population at present
= 100 + 120 = 220
After census the new total population
= 220 + 5% of 220
or, x =
105
= 231
100
After census, female population
= 100 + 10% of 100 = 110
After census, population of male
= 231 110 = 121
Increase in male population = 121 120 = 1
Percentage increase in male population
= 220
1
5
100 =
%
120
6
31. Suppose the number of boys and girls in the
school are 3x and 2x respectively.
Number of scholarship holder students
= 20% of 3x + 25% of 2x = 1.1x
Hence, the required percentage
=
3x 2x 1.1x 100
3x 2x
3.9x
100 = 78%
=
5x
32. Let the third number be x
20
x
20% of x = x
100 5
first number = x
x 5 x x 6x
5
5
5
Now, 50% of x = x
50
x
100 2
x 3x
second number = x
2
2
Let the first number be y% of the second
number then, y% of
3x 6x
2
5
30
7x
x =
100
10
Second number = x 37% of x
= x
37
63x
x =
100
100
Difference between the numbers
= x
7 x 63x
70x 63x
7x
=
=
10 100
100
100
7x
100 100
Required percentage =
= 10%
7x
10
34. Let the cost of r aw mat er ial, labour and
ov er heads be Rs 4x, Rs 3x and Rs 2x
respectively.
Increased price of raw material
100 10
110
22x
= 4x
= 4x
= Rs
100
5
100
Increased cost of labour
100 8
108
81x
= 3x
= 3x
= Rs
100
25
100
Reduced overheads
100 5
95
19x
= 2x
= 2x
= Rs
100
10
100
New total cost of manufacturing
= Rs
25
10
5
477x
9x
increase in cost = Rs
50
27x
50
required per cent increase
= Rs
27 x 100
= 6%
50 9x
35. By the formula, if the annual increase be r%,
then the population n years ago
=
3x
y
6x
or,
2 100
5
6x 100 2
80%
3x 5
Hence, first number is 80 per cent of the
second number.
or, y
= P 1
100
P
n
100
203
Percentage
Here, P = 231525, r = 5% and n = 3 years
Required population =
231525
5
100
231525 20 20 20
= 200000
21 21 21
36. If the original population of a town is P, and
the annual inrease is r%, then the population
in n years will be obtained by the formula
given below:
Required population = P 1
100
375000
r
or,
= 1
352947
100
10
= 1331000 1
100
50
or,
49
= 1
100
or,
50
r
= 1
49
100
or,
50
r
1 =
49
100
or,
or,
1331000 1331
11 10
or,
10
9
729000
729
2
%
49
37. Value of machine at the end of third year
required rate = 2
98 98 98
= 200000
100 100 100
= Rs 188238.408
or, t = 3 years
Hence, the value of land and building will be
the same in 3 years.
39. We have,
P = Initial number of donors = 24000
A = Final number of donors = 27783
R = Rate of increase = 5% every six month
= 10% per annum
Let the total time be n years. Then,
2n
21
100
2
r=
= 2
49
49
= 200000 1
100
11
11
or,
9
9
11 11 11 11
9 9 9
9
10
1
r
49 100
A = P 1
100
1
r
=
49
100
= 1331000
10
11
9
729000
1331000
10
10
125000
r
or,
= 1
117649
100
11
= 729000
10
375000 = 352947 1
100
10
= 729000 1
100
or,
27783
21
=
24000
20
21
or,
20
21
=
20
2n
2n
2n
2n
or, 2n = 3
3
or, n =
2
Hence, required time period =
3
years.
2
204
Concept of Arithmetic
r
r
P 1 1 1 2 = 50400
100 100
12
10
or, 50400 = P 1
100 100
= 20000 1
100
= 20000 1
50
or, 50400 = P
= 62500 1
25
24
= 62500
25
24 24
= 62500
= 57600.
25 25
Hence, present population = 57600.
42. Total population = 294000000
Number of males = 150000000
Number of females = 294000000 150000000
= 144000000
Number of persons who can read and write
294000000 5.3
=
= 15582000
100
Number of literate males = 150000000
50400 25 10
= 50000
28 9
44. 100 litres of solution contains 4 parts of
sugar.
or, P =
51 51
51
= 20000
= 20000
= 20808
50 50
50
28 9
25 10
98
1000
= 14700000
Number of literate females
= 15582000 14700000 = 882000
Percentage of literate females
882000 100
49
% = 0.6125%
=
144000000
80
43. Let the population of the town 2 years ago be
P. Since the population increases in the first
year and decr eases in the second year ,
therefore,
Population after 2 years
=
r1
r
1 2 ;
= P 1
100 100
where r1 = 12% and r2 = 10%
4
6
100
= 0.24 parts
Now, 1 litre water is evaporated,
Now, 5 litres of solution contains 0.24 parts
of sugar.
sugar in 6 litres of solution =
0.24
100
5
= 4.8%
45. Suppose the daily wages and the number of
hours worked by the worker per week are Rs
x and y hours respectively. Then xy = 2000
100 litres of solution contains =
xy
= Rs
100
100
100
will be the new wages per week.
Hence, the new wages per week
99
2000 = Rs 1980
=
100
46. In the population of the town,
Women = 35%
Children = 25% and
Men = 40%
Now, according to the question, the number
of women is 28000 mor e than t hat of
children.
(35% 25% ) of total population = 28000
or, 10% of total population = 28000
10
of total population = 28000
or,
100
Also,
Total population =
28000 100
= 280000
10
Number of men
= 40% of the total population
40 280000
= 112000
100
Number of women
= 35% of the total population
=
35 280000
100
= 98000
205
Percentage
Number of children
= 25% of the total population
25 280000
= 70000
100
47. Birth rate = 3.6% and death rate = 1.6%
Resultant growth = 3.6% 1.6% = 2%
Population of the town after 3 years
=
= 3000000 1
100
51 51 51
= 3183624
= 3000000
50 50 50
48. Let the original price of an article be Rs x.
If the price is reduced by 10%, then new price
100 10
9
x = Rs
x
= Rs
10
100
To restore it to its former price, let the new
price be increased by y% .
According to the question,
9 100 y
x
= x
10 100
or, (100 + y) =
Number of
examination
t he
30
= 171000
100
Number of successf ul candidat es who
passed in the exam in various divisions
= 570000 171000 = 399000
But the ratio of candidates who passed in
first, second and third division = 1 : 2 : 3
Number of candidates passed in first division
1
399000 = 66500
1 2 3
Number of candidates passed in second
division
=
2
399000 = 133000
1 2 3
Number of candidates passed in third division
=
3
399000 = 199500
1 2 3
51. Let the total population of the city in 1961 be
x. Then, according to the question,
=
= x
1000
100
1
100
11 %
9
9
9
49. Let the income of the person be Rs x.
Income after 50% decrease
100 50 x 50 x
= x
100
2
100
He has t o incr ease his income by Rs
x x
11 23 7
10 20 5
2567950 1000
= 1450000
11 23 7
52. Let the weight of the original solution be x
kg.
15x
Weight of salt =
kg
100
x =
85x
kg
100
After evaporating 30 kg of water, percentage
of salt = 20
Now, according to the question,
Weight of water =
2 100
= 100%
x
= 6000 95 = 570000
in
10
15
40
1
1
2567950 = x 1
100
100
100
or, y =
100 5
= 600000
100
f ailed
= 570000
1000
9
% increase in income =
candidat es
15x
100 100 = 20
x 30
15 x
= 20
x 30
or, 15x = 20x 600
or, 5x = 600
or,
x =
600
= 120 kg
5