EE4002

CHOPPER CONTROL DC DRIVE

Instructor: -

Name: Index Number: - IESL

Group: - 3
Submission date: -

OBSERVATION SHEET

Name

Index No :
Practical : Chopper Control DC Motors
Date

Field

: Electrical

Instructed by:
b). Measurement of chopper performance with non-back emf load (under no load condition)
Speed-input
potentiometer
setting

VL (V)

IL (A)

T(on)(s)

(Duty ratio)

Calculated VL(V)
VL= VDC

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

8
8
10
17
23
30
38
45
53
61
62

0.3
0.3
0.38
0.64
0.88
1.16
1.44
1.72
2.04
2.32
2.36

6.2*20=124
6.2*20=124
3.6*50=180
8.9*50=445
6.9*100=690
4.7*200=940
6.1*200=1220
7.5*200=1500
8.8*200=1760
4*500=2000
4.1*500=2050

0.0264
0.0264
0.0383
0.0947
0.147
0.200
0.260
0.319
0.374
0.426
0.436

3.496
3.496
5.074
12.55
19.45
26.500
34.394
42.287
49.617
56.383
57.793

Time period Ts= 4.7ms

Chopper input DC voltage Vdc= 132.5V
c). Measurement of DC motor speed control characteristics
Speed-input
potentiometer setting

Speed N (rpm)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

185
185
334
513
698
905
1106
1338
1562
1600

Discussion
1. There is a voltage at the load even when the speed-input potentiometer is at minimum
Here we are using PWM switching circuit with fixed switching frequency. When the input
voltage is changing, gate input is also changing with that. Theoretically in the beginning speed input
potentiometer should be zero, but it is very unlike to happen, because there may be small steps exits
even in the little time. The reason for that would be the time difference between thyristor 1 and
thyristor 2. So because of such practical limitations, voltage wont be zero even the potentiometer is
at minimum.
2. Why the speed input potentiometer, in the first few steps didnt respond to the motor; how the
problems can possibly be eliminated?
Practical is done under no load condition at the start, which means (load torque =friction
torque at shaft bearings). At low speed friction torque is also low. So friction torque will not be
increasing, unless speed is increasing.
So the motor generating balancing torque wont change considerably, at low speed. Then the
converter supplies voltage to get the motor to required speed. Therefore in the beginning motor will
not accelerate significantly. When friction torque increases with the speed, it will go up to value
such that, giving balance torque with significant change in speed.
To eliminate this problem, practical should be done, under loaded condition, where load is
significantly large, so friction torque can be neglected.
3. Why the field current waveform contain less ripple compared with the field voltage waveform
Field current is proportional to the integration of field voltage for a given field inductance.
So even there voltage waveform consists with high number of ripples, in filed current there are less
ripple compared with it. Mathematically it is clear that, when there are lots of ripple in voltage wave
form, according to the relationship of (
(Since the

) there will be less ripples in current waveform.

means the cumulative summation of voltage)

If it is explained in some other way, if we imagine the system is a spring mass system and
mass represents the inductance. Since mass has inertia, even there is a high kinetic energy, it
doesnt like to change the velocity suddenly. Similarly in here even there are ripples (sudden
changes) in the voltage waveform, current will have lesser ripples.