OMNI 3D WORKSHOP - 3D RAY MODEL NOTES 1.

In an open OMNI 3D project, right-click on 3D Ray Models. You must be licensed for OMNI 3D
Workshop create a 3D Ray Model

Inputs to 3D Ray Models

Bin Grid
You must establish a bin grid for the model before horizons may be created. You may create a theoretical
grid or a grid based on survey coordinates. If you wish to use the 3D Ray Model as an input to a survey
script analysis, you must position the model under the survey.
You may save a bin grid from an OMNI survey script and load it into the 3D Model as a starting point
for the model definition. You will edit the bin grid to create a model that it is larger than the dimensions
of the survey you plan to analyze.
Once a horizon has been added to the bin grid, the bin grid may not be changed without removing the
horizon. In other words, you must start over.
Horizons
Horizons may be defined as a plane, simple structure or based on a mathematics function. They may
also be loaded from an X, Y, Z file or from an OMNI Grid file. Data may be in Elevation, Depth or
Time.
Horizons must cover the extents of the bin grid and may not be multi-valued (no folds or reverse faults
are allowed). OMNI will interpolate values to the edge of the model if the data does not cover the grid.
The maximum number of horizons is 19 and the minimum thickness for each layer is 10 meters.
You may specify that horizons are Clipped by Upper Horizons and/or Affected by a Fault Plane
(normal fault).
Horizon Attributes
Horizon Parameters are set for P Velocity, S Velocity, and Rho. S Velocity may be calculated from the P
Velocity based on a VP/VS Ratio or entered independently. Attributes are assigned to each horizon and
describe the interval below the horizon.
The Thomsen Anisotropy Parameters may be applied to the ray tracing.
A horizon may be set to reflect rays or not reflect rays. If the horizon does not reflect rays the horizon
parameters are still applied for tray tracing.
Normal Fault
A normal fault may be defined.

Geophysical Exploration & Development Corporation

1200, 815 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, AB T2P 3P2 Canada
Tel: +1(403) 262-5780 Fax: +1(403) 262-8632 E-mail: info@gedco.com
www.GEDCO.com

3D Ray Model Output

Interactive Analyses
Right-click on the name of the ray model in the project tree and select Rays
Trace Rays Interactively
Shot/Receiver
VSP
Surface Line
Exploding Horizon
Illumination
Diffraction
Reflection
Parameter Analyses
Right-click on Analyses under the name of the model in the Project Tree.
Bin Size
Maximum Frequency
Maximum Offset
Resolution
Migration Aperture
Attenuation
Exploding Horizon Density
CMP CRP Displacement
Survey Analyses over a 3D Ray Model
Layout a survey and create a script. The survey and 3D Ray model must be in the same location. (Shots
and Receivers must overlay the model.) The model must be larger than the survey.
Right-click on the name of the script under the survey (in the Project Tree) and select Create New
Analysis.
Illumination Fold
Synthetic Seismic
Stack Analysis

2
Geophysical Exploration & Development Corporation
1200, 815 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, AB T2P 3P2 Canada
Tel: +1(403) 262-5780 Fax: +1(403) 262-8632 E-mail: info@gedco.com
www.GEDCO.com

3D Ray Trace Method

The 3D Ray Model tracing is very fast.
The OMNI Target Model is a more complete and exhaustive approach to parameter analysis and survey
analyses. However The Target Model takes a great deal more time to compute. Often the difference
between compute time for the two Ray Tracing methods can be on the order of 40:1 or more.

2 point curved ray tracing

Only one reflection point per shot/receiver pair the minimum time path
Search for the reflection point
An initial reflection point is select based on the model
The reflection point is adjusted using horizon gradients
The search ends when a minimum-time ray-path through the model is found
Zoeppritz amplitudes are computed
Multiple Reflection Point Option
Chooses multiple possible reflection points
Finds multiple local minima within the solution space
Takes a lot more time

The 3D Ray Model is used to get quick answers. It is good at helping to refine ideas and indicate
problem areas for further investigation. People who use complex modeling systems often model their
ideas and problems in OMNI first to save time and money.
Change Horizon Parameters
Right-click on the name of a horizon under the model and select Surface Style or Set Horizon
Elevations to modify parameters.

3
Geophysical Exploration & Development Corporation
1200, 815 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, AB T2P 3P2 Canada
Tel: +1(403) 262-5780 Fax: +1(403) 262-8632 E-mail: info@gedco.com
www.GEDCO.com