Homework #1

Industrial Quality Control

Due in Class

Spring 2015
Deadline: 01/26/2015

Descriptive Statistics
Exercise 1
The number of defects in 10 products is analyzed and is found to be 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 6, 3, 3, 0.
Calculate the sample average, standard deviation, and median.

Exercise 2
Consider Table ??, containing the number of hours under extreme temperatures that a microchip
can work before it fails.

Table 1: Failure time (in hours) of a microchip in extreme temperatures.

1. Calculate the sample average and standard deviation.

2. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot of the values.
3. Construct a box-and-whisker plot of the values.

Discrete Probability Distributions

Exercise 3
Suppose that two fair (i.e., the probability of both Heads and Tails is 0.5) coins are tossed, and
we observe the results. There are 4 possibilities: {H, H}, {H, T }, {T, H}, {T, T }. Assume a H
wins us 1$, whereas a T no dollars.
1. What is the probability that I still have 0 dollars after 5 trials?

Homework #1
2. What is the probability that the first time I get a Heads and a Tails together (either {H, T }
or {T, H}) is after 5 trials?
3. What is the probability that I make at least 10 dollars after 10 trials?

Exercise 4
Assume we have an urn with 300 balls, red, white, and blue, with 100 of each. What is the
probability that, when I select at the same time 10 balls at random:
1. at least 5 of them are blue?
2. all of them are of one color?
3. at most 2 of them are red?
Now, assume we have the same urn with 300 balls, red, white, and blue, with 100 of each. The
experiment is designed differently now. Instead of selecting 10 balls at the same time, we select
a ball and throw it back in 10 times in a row. What are the probabilities:
1. at least 5 of them are blue?
2. all of them are of one color?
3. at most 2 of them are red?
Last, compare the results you get for 300 balls (100 each), 3000 balls (1000 each), and 300000
(100000 each). What do you observe?

Exercise 5
Customers arrive in a store following an exponential distribution with expected value equal to
15 minutes. What is the probability that more than 6 customers arrive at the shop during the
next hour?
(HINT: Remember that when arrivals follow an exponential distribution, the count follows a
Poisson distribution!)

Continuous Probability Distributions

Exercise 6
In a QC Exam, student scores are normally distributed with a mean of 80 and a standard
deviation of 20. What is the probability that a random student scored:
1. more than 80?
2. more than 90?
3. between 80 and 90?

Exercise 7
Consider the store of Exercise 5 where customers follow an exponential distribution. What is
the probability that the next customer shows up after 45 minutes?
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Homework #1
Exercise 8
Assume every bus in Gainesville follows an exponential distribution with a mean of 7.5 minutes.
From a bus stop, we randomly survey 100 different buses (i.e., not of the same line). Calculate
the probability that a specific bus (say, line 34) passes from the bus stop in the next 10 minutes.
Then, calculate the probability that the average time of all the buses to reach the stop is less than
10 minutes (i.e., the summation of all times for 100 buses to arrive is less than 1000 minutes).
Explain the result, does it make sense?
(HINT: Remember the Central Limit Theorem!)

Probability Plots
Exercise 9
Consider the following observed scores in an exam: 71, 99, 85, 80, 82, 57, 65, 90, 100, 87, 85,
75. Using Minitab, create the probability plots for Normal, Lognormal, Gamma, and Weibull.
Which one of them seems a better fit?

To use Minitab. Log into UF Apps (apps.ufl.edu), and install the Citrix software when
prompted to do so. After you have installed Citrix, enter your credentials (Gatorlink username
and password) and select Minitab 15 from the list of software. Enter the scores in a column when
the program loads (e.g., C1 the first column). From the Tabs on top, select GraphProbability
Plot and then select Single, as we only have one set of values. Select C1 (or the column you
ended up using on the left and click on select. That will put the column of values in the Graph
variables list. Now click on Distribution and select one of the four that we asked you to use.
Click on OK and in the main window, click OK again. The plot should now appear. Repeat for
all four distributions.