A

M. Tech Project Seminar

On

By
Abhisek Behera

133100038
Guided by

Prof. S.Suryanarayanan
Oct 2014

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

1

Outline
Introduction
Aim of The Project
Motivation of the Project

Background
Diesel Engine
Diesel Combustion
Different types of fuel Injection system
Problems with Earlier Injection system

CRDI
Features of CRDI

Diesel Engine Noise and Emission

2

Outline
Literature Survey
Work done in Stage I

Work Plan for Stage II

Conclusion

References

Introduction
Aim of The Project:
To design the injection strategies for CRDI engine to minimize the engine out noise
with a given compromise in thermal efficiency and torque output.

Motivation of The Project:

To make the diesel engine fit in the stringent noise control norms.

Work done up to Stage I:

A qualitative understanding about the common rail has been done.
Relevant literature survey .
A quantitative model for pressure prediction has been studied.

Background
Diesel Engine:

Fig. 1 Diesel Engine [1]

5

Background
Diesel Combustion:

Fig.2 diesel combustion [2]

Background
Different types of fuel Injection System:

Direct Injection System (DI):

fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber

combustion chamber is located entirely in the main cylinder
effective in cold starting

Indirect Injection System (IDI):

combustion chamber is divided into two parts:

one is located in the main cylinder and another is located in the cylinder head
small injection pressure can be used.
High fuel economy.

Background

Problems with Earlier Injection System:

Mechanical pumps are used to pump the fuel.
Fuel injection pressure depends on engine speed.
Good fuel atomization can only be obtained at higher engine speed
.

Brake specific fuel consumption is high

Unburnt hydrocarbon in exhaust is high

Background
Common Rail Direct Injection:
Very high pressure and electronically controlled fuel injection

The Common Rail Diesel Injection System delivers a more controlled quantity of
atomised fuel, which leads to better fuel economy; a reduction in exhaust emissions.
Fig.3 Common rail injector[3]

Background
Features of CRDI:
.Splitting of injection into multiple times.
A high fuel injection pressure(1800 bar) can be achieved.
A very good fuel atomization and depth of penetration.
Low fuel consumption.
Low engine out noise

Control over engine exhaust

Pilot injection : takes care of rapid pressure rise.
Main injection : Supply the demanded torque.
Post injection: gives the control over the engine exhaust

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Background
Diesel Engine Noise:
Combustion Noise:
The rapid pressure rise in the cylinder acts like a hammer blow on the engine
structure and cause noise.
Mechanical Noise:
Piston slap, valve noise, gear noise, exhaust noise, intake system noise.

Diesel Engine Emission:

CO and UHC: due to incomplete combustion of fuel.

NOx: due to high exhaust temperature, free Oxygen reacts with Nitrogen.
PM and Smoke : due to incomplete combustion of fuel, some hydrocarbon
remains unburnt.

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Literature Review
Effect of MPRR:

Fig.4 effect of MPRR [4]

12

Literature Review
Effect of Pilot Injection Timing and Quantity:

Fig. effect of pilot injection timing and quantity [4]

13

Literature Review
Effect of Main Injection Timing:

fig. effect of main injection timing [5]

14

Literature Review
Effect of Injection Rate shaping:

Fig. effect of injection rate shaping [6]

15

Literature Review
Effect of Injection Rate shaping:

Fig. effect of injection rate shaping [6]

16

Work done in stage I

Pressure Prediction Model [7]:
Reaction Kinetic Model

=-A

Nfuel a+b
)
V

(n1)1 v

Energy conservation model:

1
.

((-HRX).

- p.

))

Real gas Equation:

+v

=nR

+RT

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Work done in stage I

Pressure Prediction Model:
Engine Parameters:

= sin (1
2

+cos (

=- +

(sin )2 ).5 )

This model can predict the in-cylinder pressure for given injection parameters.
So by implementing this model, the in-cylinder pressure can be calculated.

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Work Plan for Stage II

. Implementation of the pressure prediction model for different injection strategies.

Noise prediction model will be used to predict the noise level form the data of the
pressure prediction model.
Experiment will be done to validate the results.

Work plan:
Month

Work scheduling

Nov December

Pressure prediction

December - February

Noise prediction

December - April

Experimental setup

April June

Experiment

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Conclusion

Ignition delay period has great effect on the combustion process

Longer the delay period , higher is the pressure rise due to premixed
combustion
Pilot injection is to be done to reduce the ignition delay period.

Along with the splitting of injection, rate shape of injection can be done to
optimize the engine performance.

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References
[1]

The Desiel Engine (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/base/therm/diesel.html)

[2]

J. Heywood, Internal combustion engines fundamentals. McGraw-Hill, 1988.

[3]

The Desiel Engine (http://commonrail diesel .phy-astr.gsu.edu/base/therm/diesel.html)

[4] T. Tanaka, A. Ando, and K. Ishizaka, Study on pilot injection of DI diesel engine using
common-rail injection system, JSAE Rev., vol. 23, pp. 297302, 2002.

[5] A. K. Agarwal, D. K. Srivastava, A. Dhar, R. K. Maurya, P. C. Shukla, and A. P. Singh, Effect

of fuel injection timing and pressure on combustion, emissions and performance characteristics
of a single cylinder diesel engine, Fuel, vol. 111, pp. 374383, Sep. 2013.
[6] Z. He, T. Xuan, Y. Xue, Q. Wang, and L. Zhang, A numerical study of the effects of injection
rate shape on combustion and emission of diesel engines, Therm. Sci., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 6778,
2014.
[7] H. Iyer, modeling of combustion in automobile engines, M.tech Thesis, IIT Bombay,
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2006.

THANK YOU

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