12/20/2014

DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

Mohamed Salem, Ph.D.
Helwan University
Faculty of Engineering at El-Mataria
Department of Civil Engineering

Tension Members

Suspension Bridge

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Tension Members
Suspension Cable

Suspender

Suspension Bridge

Tension Members

Stay Cable

Cable Stayed Bridge

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Tension Members

Elevation

Tension Member
Tension Member

Enlarged View

Design of Tension Members

The design strength of tension members shall be

taken as the lowest of
t Pn = 0.85 Fy Ag

Yield in the gross section

t Pn = 0.70 Fu Ae

Fracture in the net section

Where Pn = Nominal axial strength, t

t = Resistance factor
Fy = Specified yield stress, t/cm2
Fu = Specified tensile strength, t/cm2
Ag = Gross area of the member, cm2
Ae = Effective net area of the member, cm2

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Design of Tension Members

Effective net area

Ae = 0.85 An

For Symmetrical sections

Ae = 0.60 An

For Unsymmetrical sections

Gusset plate

Symmetrical Sections

Gusset plate

Unsymmetrical Sections

Design of Tension Members

Net area
Is the area of the cross section less the area of
bolt holes
 Bolt holes are usually 2 mm larger than the bolts
diameter


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Design of Tension Members

Example (1)


Design a double angle tension truss member to

support PDL = 20 t, PLL = 15t, and PW = 5t. The
steel used is ST37 and the Member will be
connected to the gusset plates by 20 mm bolts.

Design of Tension Members

Solution

The ultimate load on the member shall be the

maximum of:
Pu = 1.4 D = 1.4 20 = 28 t
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2 20 + 1.6 15 = 48 t
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.3W + 0.5 L = 1.2 20 + 1.3 5 + 0.5 15 = 38 t
Pu = 0.9 D + 1.3W = 0.9 20 + 1.3 5 = 24.5 t

The critical ultimate load is Pu = 48 t

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Design of Tension Members

Design of member

Ag

48
0.85 2.4

80

Pu 0.85 Fy Ag

75

Pu t Pn

Try 2L90x9

90

Ag 23.5 cm 2

Ag = 2 15.5 = 31 cm 2

75X7
75X8
75X10
80X8
80X10
80X12
90X9
90X11
90X13

Area
cm2
10.1
11.5
14.1
12.3
15.1
17.9
15.5
18.7
21.8

Weight
Kg/m'
7.94
9.03
11.1
9.66
11.9
14.1
12.2
14.7
17.1

e
cm
2.03
2.13
2.21
2.26
2.34
2.41
2.54
2.62
2.7

An = 2 ( Ag hole t angle )

An = 2 (15.5 2.2 0.9) = 27.04 cm 2

Design of Tension Members

As the section is symmetrical
Ae = 0.85 An = 0.85 27.04 = 22.98 cm 2

Check
t Pn = 0.85 Fy Ag = 0.85 2.4 31 = 63.24 t > Pu OK
t Pn = 0.70 Fu Ae = 0.7 3.6 22.98 = 57.9 t > Pu OK

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Design of Tension Members

Example (2)


Design the tension member of Example (1)

using single angle.

Solution
Pu = 48 t
Pu t Pn

Pu t Pn

Pu 0.85 Fy Ag

Pu 0.70 Fu Ae

48
0.85 2.4
Ag 23.5 cm 2
Ag

48
0.70 3.6
Ae 19.05 cm 2
Ae

Design of Tension Members

Using the required gross area
TRY L100x14
100

Ag = 26.2 cm 2

Ae = 0.6 An = 0.6 23.12 = 13.87 cm 2

120

An = 26.2 2.2 1.4 = 23.12 cm 2

110

An = Ag hole t angle

An = 35 2.2 1.3 = 32.14 cm 2

Ae = 0.6 32.14 = 19.28 cm 2 > 19.05 (OK)

140

TRY L140x13

130

Ae = 13.87 cm 2 < 19.05 (Unsatisfac tory )

100X10
100X12
100X14
110X10
110X12
110X14
120X12
120X13
120X15
130X12
130X14
130X16
140X13
140X15

Area
cm2
19.2
22.7
26.2
21.2
25.1
29
27.5
29.9
33.9
30
34.7
39.3
35
40