APPENDIX 1 : Recommended roughness values

Classification ('Good' and 'Normal' assumed

new and clean unless otherwise stated)

Suitable values of ks (mm)

Good

Smooth materials (pipes)

Drawn non-ferrous pipes of aluminium, brass,
copper, lead etc, and non-metallic pipes
of Alkathene, glass, perspex, PVC-U* etc

0015

Asbestos-cement
Metal
Spun bitumen or concrete lined
# Cast iron, epoxy lining, coupling joints
# Ductile iron, Polyethylene lining, push-fit joints
# Ductile iron, Polyurethane lining, push-fit joints
Wrought iron
Rusty wrought iron
Uncoated steel
# Rusty steel
# Steel, epoxy lining, push-fit joints
Galvanised iron, coated cast iron generally*
Uncoated cast iron
Tate relined pipes
152mmx51mm corrug'd plate, unpaved circular pipe, running full 22
76mmx25mm corrug'd plate, unpaved circular pipe, running full 22
Old tuberculated water mains as follows:
Slight degree of attack
Moderate degree of attack
Appreciable degree of attack
Severe degree of attack
(Good: up to 20 years use; Normal: 40 to 50
years use; Poor: 80 to 100 years use)
Wood
Wood stave pipes, planed plank conduits
Concrete
# Prestressed
Precast concrete pipes with "O" ring joints
Spun precast concrete pipes with "O" ring joints
Monolithic construction against steel forms
Monolithic construction against rough forms

Normal

Poor

0003

003*

006

003
~

0015
003

0-15
0015

0015

003

006
003
006
0-6

0-15
0-06
0-15
0-06

006

0-15

0-15

50
25

0-3
0-3
60
30

0-3
0-6
0-6

0-6
1-5
6-0
15

1-5
3-0
15
30

3-0
6-0
30
60

0-3

0-6

1-5

0-03

006

0-15

-003
006

0-15
0-15

006
006
0-3
0-6

0-15
0-15

0-03

0-06

003
006

Pitch fibre
(lower value refers to full bore flow)

0003

003

# Glass reinforced plastic (GRP)

003*

0-06

0 003

0 006
003

Clayware
Glazed or unglazed pipe:
With sleeve joints
With spigot and socket joints
and "O" ring seals
-- dia < 0-150 m
-- dia > 0-150 m

uPVC
# Twin-walled, with coupling joints
Standard, with chemically cemented joints
Standard, with spigot and socket joints, "O" ring seals
at 6 to 9 metre intervals

40

3-0

0-03
0-15

0-6
1-5

0 06

0-3

0-6
0-3
1-5

0-15

APPENDIX 1 : Recommended roughness values (continued)

Classification ('Good' and 'Normal' assumed
new and clean unless otherwise stated)

Suitable values of ks (mm)

Good

New relining of sewers

Factory manufactured GRP

Normal

Poor

1-5
3-0
15

3-0
6-0
30

3-0
3-0
1-5
0-6

60
60
30
1-5

1-5
0-6
0-3

3-0
1-5
0-6
0-3

0-03

Brickwork
Glazed
Well pointed
Old, in need of pointing

0-6
1-5
..

Slimed sewers (see specific coverage in text in page 9)

Sewers slimed to about half depth; velocity, when
flowing half full, approximately 0-75 ms"1:
Concrete, spun or vertically cast
Asbestos cement

Clayware
uPVC
Sewers slimed to about half depth; velocity, when
flowing half full, approximately 1-2 ms 1:
Concrete, spun or vertically cast
Asbestos cement

~
~
--

Clayware
uPVC

0-15

Sewer rising mains (see specific coverage in text in page 9)

All materials, operating as follows
Mean velocity 0-5 ms"
,-1
Mean velocity 0-75 ms"
1
Mean velocity 1 ms"
Mean velocity 1 -5 ms-1
Mean velocity 2 ms-1
Concrete channels (after Yen 23 following from Chow24)
Trowel finish
Float finish
Finished with gravel on bottom
Unfinished
Shortcrete, or Gunite, good section
Shortcrete, or Gunite, wavy section
Unlined rock tunnels
Granite and other homogeneous rocks
Diagonally bedded slates
(values to be used with design diameter)
Earth channels
Straight uniform artificial channels
Straight natural channels, free from shoals,
boulders and weeds

0-3
006
003

30
1-5
0-6
0-3

0015

0-15

30
15
60
1-5
1-5

0-5
1-5
3-3
20
5-0
10

1-5
3-3
7-0
70
14
33

3-3
5-0
18
18
43
70

60

150
300

300
600

15

60

150

150

300

600

0-15

The background to the values given here is in the sub-section of the text entitled 'Recommended
roughness sizes' in pages 9 and 10. This sub-section should be consulted before adoption of any
of the values in this table.

41