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The Bloch Space of Analytic functions

S. Nagendra1, Prof. E. Keshava Reddy2
1

Department of Mathematics, Government Degree College, Porumamilla

2
Department of Mathematics, JNTUA

Abstract: We shall state and prove a characterization for the Bloch space and obtain analogous
characterization for the little Bloch space of analytic functions on the unit disk in the complex plane. We
shall also state and prove three containment results related to Bloch space and Little Bloch space.
Keywords: Bloch Space, Analytic Functions, Mobius Transformation

I. INTRODUCTION

z C / z 1 D

We let

For wD, the Mobius transformation w is defined by

w ( z )
Then

w z
for z D
1 wz

1 w ( z ) 1 w ( z ).w ( z )
2

w z w z
1

1 z 1 wz

1 w 1 z

1 w ( z )

1 wz

(1)

So, the function w maps D on to itself and D on to itself. It is easy to verify that w is its own inverse. Noting

w 1
( z)
1 wz
2

that

1
w

, the above identity states:

1 z ( z) 1 ( z)
2

1
w

(2)

Bloch space B is the space of all analytic functions f on D for which

Sup 1 z
zD

f 1 ( z)

and B becomes a Banach space with respect to the semi norm

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Sup 1 z
zD

f 1 ( z)

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The Bloch Space of Analytic functions

Using (2), we have

fow

fo z
Sup 1 z f ( z ) ( z )
Sup 1 ( z ) f ( z )

Sup 1 z

zD

fow

w ( z )D

1
w

zD

(3)

Thus Bloch space is a Mobius invariant space.

In the next section, we shall state and prove a criterion for containment in the Bloch space and little
Bloch space.

II. CHARACTERIZATION FOR BLOCH AND LITTLE BLOCH SPACE

A. THEOREM 1
For an analytic function f on D

1 z 2 1 w 2

f Sup
1 wz

f ( z ) f ( w)

: z, w D, z w
zw

Proof : Suppose for an analytic function f on D

1 z 2 1 w 2

Sup
1 wz

1 z 1 w
2

f ( z ) f ( w)

: z , w D, z w
zw

f ( z ) f ( w)
, z, w D, z w
zw

1 wz

Taking limit as wz, we get

1 z 2 2 f 1 z

Sup
2
1 z

Sup 1 z
zD

f 1 z

f
For the next part, suppose f

Sup 1 z

zD

1 z
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f 1 z

f 1 z f

, zD

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(4)
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The Bloch Space of Analytic functions

Then for each u D , we have
1

f (u ) f (0)

(tu ) udt

f (u ) f (0)

(tu ) udt

(tu ) u dt

0
1

f
0
1

1 t

u
u

1 t u

( (4))

u dt

dt

log 1 t u
u

f (u ) f (0) f

1 t u dt

f
f

log 1 u f
1

log

log

1
1 u

1 u
1 u

1 u

1
2

log x x 1, x 0

1 u 1 u 2

f
2

1 u 1 u

f
1 u 2

2u
f (u ) f (0) f
, uD
2
1 u
Now for z, w D replace f in the above inequality by fow and let u =w (z). Using

w(w(z)) = z and identities (1) and (3) we have

fow u fow 0

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fow

.
B

2 w ( z )
1 w ( z )

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The Bloch Space of Analytic functions

2 w z

f ( z ) f ( w)

1 wz

1 w 1 z
2

1 wz

We briefly discuss the little Bloch space B0. The set of all analytic functions f on D for which

lim 1 z
z 1

f ( z) 0
1

For an analytic function f on D and 0 < t < 1 the dilate ft is the function defined by ft(z) = f(tz). It is known that
for an analytic function f on D:

f 0 iff

f ft

1 z 1 w

1 wz

1 z 2 1 w 2

Sup
1 wz

w D, z w

0 as t 1

f ( z ) f ( w)
2 f
zw

f ( z ) f ( w)
: z,

zw
2 f

(5)

In analogy to theorem (1), we have the following result.

B. THEOREM 2
For an analytic function f on D

1 z 2 1 w 2

lim Sup
z 1
1 wz

f ( z ) f ( w)

: z , w D, z w 0
zw

Proof:
Taking limit as wz in the condition of the statement, we get

1 z 2 2

1
lim Sup
f z 0
2
z 1
1 z

lim 1 z
z 1

f 0
Suppose f 0, then f - ft
Applying inequality (5) for ft, we have
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The Bloch Space of Analytic functions

1 z 1 w
2

1 wz

2t

1 t
2

1 z

. 2 f t z w 1 t wz
1 t z 1 t w
2

(6)

1 z 1 w
ft ( z ) ft ( w)

zw
z w 1 wz

Applying inequality (5) for f - ft, we have

1 z 1 w

f ft z f ft w

1 wz

zw

2 f ft

(7)

Inequality (6), (7) and triangle inequality imply that

1 z 1 w

f z f w

1 wz

zw

1 z 1 w f f z f f w f z f w

1 wz z w

1 z 1 w f f z f f w

1 wz z w

1 z 1 w

ft z ft w

1 wz z w

2 f ft

Now first letting

2t

1 t
2

1 z
2

z 1 and then t 1 , we get

1 z 2 1 w 2

lim Sup
z 1
1 wz

f ( z ) f ( w)

: z, w D, z w 0
zw

In the next section, we shall prove three results related to containment of Bloch and Little Bloch space

Let

III. CONTAINMENT RESULTS OF BLOCH AND LITTLE BLOCH SPACE

be a bounded analytic function on D, then there exists a constant

M 0suchthat z M , z D
From Cauchys integral formula, we have

' z

1 w dw
2 i C w z 2

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The Bloch Space of Analytic functions

where C is any closed disc of radius r in neighbourhood of 1 and containing z, then

4M
in the
r

r
'
. This implies that z is bounded in any neighbourhood of 1 contained in D
2

concentric disc of radius

z .

whenever so is

' z

A. THEOREM 3
If f B then f k B where
Proof: It is very easy to see that

k C is a constant

f ' z f k z
'

Therefore sup 1 z
zD

f z sup 1 z f k z
'

'

zD

Hence f k B whenever f B
B. THEOREM 4
If f B0 is bounded and
Proof:

is any bounded and analytic function on D then

f B0 lim 1 z
z 1

f z 0

f B0 .

'

f z z f ' z f z ' z
'

f z z f ' z f z ' z
'

Note that

1 z

f z 1 z z f z 1 z f z z
'

'

'

Taking limit as z 1 ,

the first term on RHS tends to 0 because of the hypothesis and

is

f and bounded in the neighbourhood of 1 as is bounded on D

'

bounded and the second term since

tends to 0.

lim 1 z

Hence

z 1

f z 0
'

f B0 .

Therefore

C. THEOREM 5
If f , g are bounded functions of B0 , then fg B0 .
Proof: From the definition of B0 ,

f z 0
lim 1 z g z 0
0 1 z fg z 1 z g z
lim 1 z

'

'

z 1

z 1

Note that

'

'

f z 1 z

f z g z
'

Taking limit as z 1 , we get

lim 1 z
z 1

fg z 0
'

fg B0 .

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The Bloch Space of Analytic functions

IV. CONCLUSION
I invite interested readers to pursue geometric interpretation of characterization theorems that
proved in this paper and also similar containment results related to the Bloch space.

we

REFERENCES
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[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]

J.M. Anderson, J. Clunie and Ch. Pommerenke, On Bloch functions and normal functions, Proc. of the American
Mathematical Society 85,1974, 12-37.
Jose. L. Fernandez, J, On coeffients of Bloch functions, London math. Soc. (2). 29 (1984), 94-102.
R. Aulaskari, N. Danikas, and R. Zhao, The Algebra Property of The Integrals of Some Banach spaces of Analytic
functions by N. Danikar, Aristotle univ. of Thessaloniki.
Theory of function spaces by Kehe Jhu.
Bloch functions : The Basic theory by J.M.Anderson edited by S.C. Power, series C: Mathematical and Physical
Sciences Vol. 153.
Multipliers of Bloch functions by Jonathan Arazy, Report 54, 1982.
The Bloch space and Besov spaces of Analytic functions by Karel Stroethoff, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. Vol. 54,
1996, 211-219.

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