Experiment no.

: 07-07-14

Gas Laws
Guillermo, Janina Suzette C.
Escudero, Angela Julia R.
De La Salle University
Dasmarias
Dasmarias, Cavite Philippines

ABSTRACT

In this experiment on gas laws, we are to observe the behavior of gases and understand the
principles of Combined Gas Law and Grahams Law of Diffusion. There are two experiments: one focused
on Combined Gas Law where an Erlenmeyer flask set-up is used where heating and cooling procedures
are done to determine variables needed, such as temperature, volume, pressure and percentage
difference; while on the other hand, Grahams Law of Diffusion is demonstrated using a long glass tube
where cottons dipped in Conc. HCl and Conc. NH4OH were placed on each end to be observed and be
able to determine the diffusion rate as well as percentage difference. The pressure, volume, temperature,
diffusion rates, ratios and percentage differences were calculated, obtained, and identified. All the
methods used were effective in observing the behavior of gases and understanding the principles of the
gas laws.

INTRODUCTION
Ideal gas is a gas that obeys the ideal gas law, which is a combination of Avogadros Law and
Combined Gas Law. The ideal gas law is approximately true for all gases under laboratory conditions
such as room temperature and one atmosphere pressure. Since the molecules of real gases move
independently and interact weakly with one another, they behave nearly ideally under normal conditions.
The equation of ideal gas is expressed mathematically as:
Pv = nRT
Where: P = pressure
.

V = volume

n = number of moles

T = temperature

R = gas constant (~ 0.0821 L atm / K mol)

Before the ideal gas was formulated, scientists worked on how the volume of gases was affected
by pressure, temperature, number of mole of gas. Example of which is Boyles Law, which relates
volumes of gas to its temperature; where here it is seen that volume inversely proportional to the pressure
and is mathematically expressed as:
PV = a constant

or

P1V1= P2V2

For a fixed volume of gas at a constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to the
temperature in kelvins (K), it is the Charles Law:

a constant =

K= C +273

V
T

or

V 1 V2
=
T1 T 2

And Gay-Lussacs Law for a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional
to the temperature in kelvins (K), expressed as:

a constant =

P
T

P1 P2
=
T1 T2

Or

When Boyles, Charles and Gay-Lussacs Laws are combined they form the Combined Gas
Law, expressed as:

a constant =

PV
T

Or

P 1 V 1 P2 V 2
=
T1
T2

Similarly, Avogadros Law relates the volume of gas to its number of moles. It states that under
the same temperature and pressure, the volume of gas is directly proportional to its number of moles,
which can be expressed as:

V 1 n 2=V 2 n 1

n= moles of gas (mol)

REFERENCES
(1) Samonte J.L, Figueroa L.V General Chemistry Laboratory Manual 4 th Edition, C&E Publishing Inc.,
2014.
(2) Bettelheim F. A, Brown W.H, Campbell M.K, Farrell S.O, Introduction to General, Organic and
Biochemistry, 9th Edition, Cengage Learning Inc., 2010.