Demonstration

Demonstration
Piezocone
Piezocone
Demonstration
Piezocone
Demonstration Piezocone

Demonstration
Piezocone
Demonstration
Piezocone
Demonstration
Piezocone
Demonstration
Demonstration
Piezocone
Piezocone
Demonstration
Piezocone
Demonstration Piezocone

van
van
den
van
den
Berg
den
Berg
Ingenieursburo
Berg
Ingenieursburo
Ingenieursburo
bv bv bv
A.P.
A.P.
A.P.

A.P.
A.P.
Van
A.P.
Van
den
Van
den
Berg,
den
Berg,
Inc.
Berg,
Inc.Inc.

A.P. van den Berg Ingenieursburo bv

A.P. Van den Berg, Inc.

IJzerweg
IJzerweg
IJzerweg
4, 8445
4, 8445
4,PK
8445
PK PK
P.O.
P.O.
Box
P.O.
Box
68,Box
68,
8440
8440
68,AB
8440
AB AB
Heerenveen,
Heerenveen,
Heerenveen,
TheThe
Netherlands
The
Netherlands
Netherlands
tel tel
: +31
: tel
+31
(0)513
: (0)513
+31 631355
(0)513
631355
631355
fax:fax:
+31fax:
+31
(0)513
(0)513
+31 631212
(0)513
631212
631212
www.apvandenberg.com
www.apvandenberg.com
www.apvandenberg.com
info@apvandenberg.com
info@apvandenberg.com
info@apvandenberg.com

109109
Greenwood
109
Greenwood
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Circle
Circle
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Box
P.O.
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654
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654 654
Milford
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PAPA
18337,
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: +1: tel
570
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296570
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www.apvandenberg.com
www.apvandenberg.com
www.apvandenberg.com
apvandenberg@ptd.net
apvandenberg@ptd.net
apvandenberg@ptd.net

IJzerweg 4, 8445 PK
P.O. Box 68, 8440 AB
Heerenveen, The Netherlands
tel : +31 (0)513 631355
fax: +31 (0)513 631212
www.apvandenberg.com
info@apvandenberg.com

109 Greenwood Circle

P.O. Box 654
Milford PA 18337, USA
tel : +1 570 296 8224
fax: +1 570 296 4886
www.apvandenberg.com
apvandenberg@ptd.net

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Contents
Contents
Cone
ConePenetration
PenetrationTest
Test(CPT)
(CPT)
Piezocone
Piezocone
History
History
A.P.
A.P.van
vanden
denBerg
BergCPT
CPTequipment
equipment

A.P.
A.P.van
vanden
denBerg
BergCPT
CPTequipment
equipment


The
The
standard
standard
in in
offshore
offshore
CPT
CPT
equipment
equipment
Ever
Ever
since
since
thethe
eighties,
eighties,
thethe
engineers
engineers
of of
A.P.A.P.
vanvan
denden
Berg
Berg
have
have
been
been
making
making
cone
cone
penetration
penetration
testing
testing
technology
technology
available
available
for for
seabed
seabed
soilsoil
investigation.
investigation.
TheThe
firstfirst
developed
developed
device
device
waswas
thethe
ROSON,
ROSON,
a wheel
a wheel
drive
drive
unitunit
thatthat
establishes
establishes
thethe
seabed
seabed
considerable
considerable
depth
depth
andand
gathers
gathers
data
data
continuously.
continuously.
A.P.A.P.
vanvan
denden
Berg
Berg
works
works
on on
a daily
a daily
basis
basis
on on
thethe
development
development
of new
of new
applications
applications
thatthat
enhance
enhance
thethe
reliability
reliability
of of
cone
cone
penetration
penetration
testing.
testing.
As As
a result,
a result,
thethe
water
water
depth
depth
for for
offshore
offshore
activities
activities
hashas
increased
increased
to up
to up
to 4000
to 4000
meter.
meter.
Also
Also
thethe
CPTCPT
depths
depths
have
have
increased
increased
thethe
lastlast
fewfew
years.
years.
A.P.A.P.
vanvan
denden
Berg
Berg
is aisglobal
a global
player,
player,
having
having
earned
earned
its its
spurs
spurs
in the
in the
world
world
of cone
of cone
penetration
penetration
testing,
testing,
which
which
is is
once
once
again
again
proven
proven
by by
thethe
deep
deep
water
water
sampler
sampler
thatthat
waswas
developed
developed
in cooperation
in cooperation
with
with
NGI.
NGI.
TheThe
A.P.A.P.
vanvan
denden
Berg
Berg
equipment
equipment
is widely
is widely
used
used
by by
many
many
geotechnical
geotechnical
survey
survey
companies
companies
thatthat
care
care
strongly
strongly
about
about
service
service
andand
reliability.
reliability.
Various
Various
CPTCPT
thrust
thrust
systems
systems
areare
available:
available:
wheel
wheel
drive
drive
systems
systems
andand
wire
wire
lineline
systems.
systems.
a.p.
van
den
berg

Consequenses
of not
doingCPT
not
Result
Result
ofof
not
not
doing
doing
enough
enough
CPTenough CPT

A.P.A.P.
vanvan
denden
Berg
Berg
offshore
offshore
CPTCPT
equipment
equipment

www.apvandenberg.com

A.P.
A.P.van
vanden
denBerg
BergCPT
CPTequipment
equipment

Cone
ConePenetration
PenetrationTest
Test(CPT)
(CPT)

In In
thethe
early
early
1960s
1960s
thethe
Goudse
Goudse
Machinefabriek
Machinefabriek
(GMF)
(GMF)
putput
a machine
a machine
into
into
production
production
that
that
was
was
entirely
entirely
thethe
brainchild
brainchild
of of
mechanical
mechanical
engineer
engineer
A.P.
A.P.
vanvan
den
den
Berg,
Berg,
founder
founder
of of
thethe
engineering
engineering
bureau
bureau
A.P.
A.P.
vanvan
den
den
Berg.
Berg.
It was
It was
thethe
first
first
hydraulic
hydraulic
10-tonnes
10-tonnes
soilsoil
testing
testing
system
system
in the
in the
world.
world.

Cone
Cone
penetration
penetration
tests
tests
are are
especially
especially
suited
suited
to determine
to determine
thethe
presence
presence
of clay,
of clay,
peatpeat
or sand
or sand
in the
in the
subsoil
subsoil
strata.
strata.
TheThe
testtest
method
method
consists
consists
of pushing
of pushing
a tool
a tool
withwith
a conical
a conical
tip tip
vertically
vertically
intointo
thethe
ground.
ground.
TheThe
resistance
resistance
on the
on the
tip,tip,
called
called
cone
cone
resistance,
resistance,
is measured
is measured
during
during
pushing.
pushing.
Very
Very
often
often
thethe
friction
friction
of the
of the
soilsoil
on the
on the
sleeve
sleeve
(called
(called
local
local
friction)
friction)
is measured
is measured
at the
at the
same
same
time.
time.
With
With
these
these
twotwo
parameters
parameters
thethe
in-situ
in-situ
soilsoil
typetype
cancan
be be
determined.
determined.
An An
inclinometer
inclinometer
on on
thethe
cone
cone
is absolutely
is absolutely
indispensible
indispensible
for for
checking
checking
thethe
slope
slope
angle.
angle.
Optionally,
Optionally,
thethe
slope
slope
gauge
gauge
cancan
be executed
be executed
as an
as X-Y
an X-Y
inclinometer
inclinometer
allowing
allowing
alsoalso
measurement
measurement
of directional
of directional
andand
linear
linear
displacement
displacement
besides
besides
thethe
angle.
angle.
A A
cone
cone
penetration
penetration
testtest
is done
is done
in accordance
in accordance
withwith
thethe
international
international
standard
standard
ISOISO
22476.
22476.

Nowadays
Nowadays
thethe
cone
cone
penetration
penetration
test
test
units
units
of of
A.P.
A.P.
vanvan
den
den
Berg
Berg
forfor
onshore
onshore
CPT
CPT
range
range
from
from
10 10
kNkN
to to
260
260
kN.kN.
A.P.
A.P.
vanvan
den
den
Berg
Berg
delivers
delivers
thethe
units
units
as as
they
they
are,are,
mounted
mounted
onon
frame,
frame,
trailer,
trailer,
tracked
tracked
vehicle,
vehicle,
Truck
Truckor orTrack-Truck.
Track-Truck.TheTheavailable
availabletypes
typesarearethetheHYSON-LW
HYSON-LW(lightweight),
(lightweight),HYSON
HYSON
(medium/heavy),
(medium/heavy), COSON
COSON (continuous),
(continuous), AUTOHYSON
AUTOHYSON (automatic)
(automatic) andand AUTOCOSON
AUTOCOSON
(automatic/continuous).
(automatic/continuous).

When
When
is itisnecessary
it necessary
to do
to adoCPT
a CPT
test?
test?
To build
anywhere,
designer
or builder
needs
to prepare
groundwork
needs
to know
To build
anywhere,
thethe
designer
or builder
needs
to prepare
thethe
groundwork
andand
needs
to know
if if
contains
layers.
In case
of soft
construction
must
be built
on piles
transfer
thethe
soilsoil
contains
softsoft
layers.
In case
of soft
soilsoil
thethe
construction
must
be built
on piles
thatthat
transfer
weight
a sand
layer
deeper
in the
ground.
a firm
stratum
be found
directly
underneath
thethe
weight
to atosand
layer
deeper
in the
ground.
If aIffirm
stratum
cancan
be found
directly
underneath
ground
surface,
builder
choose
another
foundation.
thethe
ground
surface,
thethe
builder
cancan
choose
another
foundation.



Advanced
Advancedonshore
onshoreCPT
CPTequipment
equipment

In general
a cone
penetration
is used
In general
a cone
penetration
testtest
is used
for:for:
determination
of the
subsoil
stratification
homogeneity
of the
in-situ
ground

determination
of the
subsoil
stratification
andand
homogeneity
of the
in-situ
ground
depth
of the
strata
analysis
of variation
in the
subsoil

depth
of the
firmfirm
strata
andand
analysis
of variation
in the
subsoil
recognition
of the
of the

recognition
of the
typetype
of the
soilsoil
properties
of the
mechanics
of the
different
strata

properties
of the
mechanics
of the
different
strata
direct
prediction
of the
bearing
capacity
of piles

direct
prediction
of the
bearing
capacity
of piles
A cone
penetration
is usually
performed
using
a specially
outfitted
truck.
If necessary,
truck
A cone
penetration
testtest
is usually
performed
using
a specially
outfitted
truck.
If necessary,
thisthis
truck
fitted
tracks
to obtain
a bearing
large
enough
to drive
often
terrain.
cancan
be be
fitted
withwith
tracks
to obtain
a bearing
areaarea
large
enough
to drive
on on
often
badbad
terrain.
Equipment
in the
truck
cabin
is used
to push
a CPT
cone
ground
of steel
Equipment
in the
truck
cabin
is used
to push
a CPT
cone
intointo
thethe
ground
withwith
thethe
aid aid
of steel
rodsrods
a diameter
of mm.
36 mm.
is done
a constant
speed
of 2,0
cm/sec.
in the
cabin
withwith
a diameter
of 36
ThisThis
is done
withwith
a constant
speed
of 2,0
cm/sec.
AlsoAlso
in the
cabin
is ais a
measuring
system
to measure
parameters.
A CPT
often
weighs
between
10 and
measuring
system
to measure
thethe
soilsoil
parameters.
A CPT
rig rig
often
weighs
between
10 and
25 25
tonnes.
weight
is necessary
as reactive
force.
tonnes.
ThisThis
weight
is necessary
as reactive
force.
A reactive
force
be obtained
by using
ground
anchors,
which
is often
done
in places
A reactive
force
cancan
alsoalso
be obtained
by using
ground
anchors,
which
is often
done
in places
thatthat
difficult
to reach.
In that
a stand-alone
rigused.
is used.
are are
difficult
to reach.
In that
casecase
a stand-alone
CPTCPT
rig is
measuring
instruments
sensitive
change
calibration
values,
because
sensor
All All
measuring
instruments
are are
sensitive
to to
change
calibration
values,
because
thethe
sensor
willwill
become
overloaded,
dirty
or damaged
(because
of overloading).
Cones
must
be returned
regularly
become
overloaded,
dirty
or damaged
(because
of overloading).
Cones
must
be returned
regularly
to the
manufacturer,
check
performance
calibrate
cone
again.
Besides
that,
to the
manufacturer,
whowho
willwill
check
thethe
performance
andand
willwill
calibrate
thethe
cone
again.
Besides
that,
is advised
operator
checks
cone
a daily
basis
performance
precision.
it isitadvised
thatthat
thethe
operator
checks
thethe
cone
on aondaily
basis
for for
performance
andand
precision.

A.P.A.P.
vanvan
denden
Berg
Berg
onshore
onshore
CPTCPT
equipment
equipment

A.P. A.P.
van
den
den
Berg
Berg
Icone
Icone
en seismic
en
adaptor
adaptor
A.P.
vanvan
den
berg
Icone
enseismic
seismic
module

A.P.A.P.
den
Berg
Berg
CPT
CPT
Track-Truck
Track-Truck
A.P.
vanvan
denden
berg
CPT
Track-Truck

Piezocone
Piezocone

History
History
History

In In
thethe
case
case
youyou
willwill
find
find
thethe
demonstration
demonstration
10 10
cm
cm
Piezocone
Piezocone
of of
A.P.
A.P.
vanvan
den
den
Berg.
Berg.
It is
It used
is used
forfor
thethe
Piezocone
Piezocone
test
test
(CPTU).
(CPTU).
TheThe
Piezocone
Piezocone
test
test
(CPTU)
(CPTU)
is is
a cone
a cone
penetration
penetration
test
test
(CPT)
(CPT)
with
with
additional
additional
measurement
measurement
of of
thethe
pore
pore
water
water
pressure
pressure
onon
thethe
penetrometer
penetrometer
surface.
surface.
Cone
Cone
penetration
penetration
tests,
tests,
with
with
pore
pore
water
water
pressure
pressure
measurements
measurements
give
give
a more
a more
reliable
reliable
determination
determination
of of
stratification
stratification
andand
soilsoil
type
type
than
than
a standard
a standard
CPT.
CPT.
In In
addition,
addition,
CPTU
CPTU
provides
provides
a better
a better
basis
basis
forfor
interpreting
interpreting
thethe
results
results
in terms
in terms
of of
mechanical
mechanical
soilsoil
properties.
properties.
Mechanical
Mechanical
properties
properties
to to
bebe
evaluated
evaluated
are:
are:
- - shear
shear
strength
strength
parameters
parameters
- - deformation
deformation
andand
consolidation
consolidation
characteristics
characteristics
TheThe
results
results
from
from
a CPTU
a CPTU
cancan
bebe
used,
used,
directly,
directly,
forfor
thethe
design
design
of of
piled
piled
foundations
foundations
in clay.
in clay.

Part
Part
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 11
12 12
13 13

Description
Description
connector
housing
connector
housing
o-ring
o-ring
connector
connector
load
friction
load
cellcell
friction
strain
gauge
strain
gauge
load
load
cellcell
tiptip
lip lip
sealseal
o-ring
o-ring
friction
jacket
friction
jacket
centering
centering
ringring
filtercentering
filtercentering
ringring
pore
pressure
filter
pore
pressure
filter
cone
cone
tiptip

Cone
Conepenetration
penetration
testing
testing
(CPT)
(CPT)
hashas
been
been
used
used
for for
over
over
60 60
years
years
in the
in the
Netherlands
Netherlands
forthe
for
thethe
r 60 years in the Netherlands for
d forofove
use
beenconditions
has
T)
(CP
ing
prediction
prediction
of
pile
of
pile
behaviour
behaviour
under
under
loading
loading
conditions
the
of
the
approximately
approximately
1
million
1
million
foundation
foundation
piles
test
spiles
tion
pile
etra
tion
pen
Cone
approximately 1 million founda
thebe
ofwould
ons
diti
con
ing
load
er
und
ur
yearly
yearly
put
put
into
into
practice.
practice.
Without
Without
these
these
piles
piles
it
would
it
be
virtually
virtually
impossible
impossible
to
to
build
build
(lasting)
(lasting)
avio
beh
(lasting)
prediction of pile
ld be virtually impossible to build
wou
it
s
pile
se
the
t
hou
Wit
e.
structures
structures
in
the
in
the
Netherlands.
Netherlands.
yearly put into practic
structures in the Netherlands.
ForFor
a good
a good
understanding
understanding
of the
of the
successful
successful
development
development
andand
t and
men
sful develop
ces
suc
the
of
ing
application
application
of
the
of
the
CPT
CPT
method
method
in
the
in
the
Netherlands,
Netherlands,
some
some
general
general
and
erst
und
d
For a goo
e generaAl A
herland
Net
in the
insight
insight
intoof
into
the
geology
geology
of of
this
this
country
country
is indispensable.
iss, som
indispensable.
method
CPT
thethe
lication
app
A
ble.
nsa
ispe
ntryis isshown
cou
this
ofoff
schematic
schematic
cross-section
the
the
country
country
isind
shown
right.
right.
These
These
geologyoff
the
intocross-section
ght
insi
se
The
t.
righhundreds
wnseveral
is sho
ntry even
off
geological
geological
conditions
conditions
made
made
itthe
necessary,
itcou
necessary,
even
several
hundreds
ection
ss-s
tic cro
ema
sch
dreds
hun
eral
sev
n
eve
ry,
essa
nec
it
e
of
years
of
years
ago,
ago,
that
that
pile-foundations
pile-foundations
were
were
applied
applied
on
on
a
large
a
large
scale.
scale.
mad
ons
diti
con
geological
le.
a large sca
on
lied
app
e
wer
s
tion
nda
In
the
In
the
first
first
instance,
instance,
timber
timber
piles
piles
were
were
used
used
exclusively,
exclusively,
while
while
-fou
pile
of years ago, that
, while
vely
lusi
exc
d
use
e
wer
s
pile
ber
thethe
the
driving
driving
depth
depth
was
determined
determined
during
during
thethe
process
process
of pileof pilee, tim
ancwas
t inst
firs
In
Sand
pileprocessinofsuch
the
ing
dur
ined
erm
det
driving.
driving.
Only
Only
much
much
later
later
the
the
procedure
procedure
was
was
improved
improved
in
such
a a
was
th
dep
ing
the driv
Peat
a
h
in suc
ed
imp
was
cedurebased
proformulae,
way
thatthat
simple
based
on rov
on
empirical
empirical
data,
data,
later the formulae,
ch pile-driving
mupile-driving
ysimple
Onl
Clay
ing.
drivway
l data,
iricadriving
emp
ed onbetween
bas
ulae
form
ving
came
into
use,
use,
in
order
in-dri
order
to to
assess
assess
a ,relation
a relation
between
driving
pile
Fluvial
ple
sim
t into
tha
waycame
a relation between driving
ss
asse
Loess
to
er
depth
depth
and
and
bearing
bearing
capacity.
capacity.
ord
in
,
use
into
e
cam
depth and bearing capacity.
Between
Between
1930
1930
andand
19351935
thethe
CPTCPT
method
method
came
came
intointo
use.use.
It was
It was
thethe
Dutch
Dutch
Professor
Professor
Barentsen
Barentsen
from
from
from
was the Dutch Professor Barentsen
It enabled
. It
use
into
e
cam
hod
met
CPT
the
the
the
University
University
of
Delft,
of
Delft,
who
who
invented
invented
the
the
CPT
CPT
method.
method.
It
enabled
the
the
pile-length
pile-length
and
and
the
the
bearing
bearing
ring
Between 1930 and 1935
enabled the pile-length and the bea
. Itprocess
hod
CPT metThis
theinstallation.
dpile
nte
inve
who
capacity
capacity
to
be
to
determined
be
determined
prior
prior
to
pile
to
installation.
This
process
was
was
also
also
accelerated
accelerated
by
the
by
the
general
general
ft,
Del
of
eral
ity
gen
vers
the
Uni
by
the
cess was also accelerated
prowere
tion. This
alla
inst
pile
to
r
prio
trend
trend
in
the
in
the
building
building
trade
trade
to
erect
to
erect
larger
larger
structures,
structures,
which
which
were
more
more
sensitive
sensitive
to
settlements
to
settlements
and
and
ined
erm
det
and
s
be
to
ent
capacity
ch were more sensitive to settlem
whi
es, more
ctur
stru
er
larg
ct
ere
to
e
differential
differential
settlements.
settlements.
This
This
required
required
a
better
a
better
and
and
more
accurate
accurate
understanding
understanding
of
the
of
the
behaviour
behaviour
of
trad
g
din
of
ur of
trend in the buil
urate understanding of the behavio
acc
re
mo
and
ter
bet
a
d
uire
req
This
s.
their
their
foundations
foundations
and
and
that
that
of
the
of
the
subsoil.
subsoil.
Especially
Especially
after
after
1945
1945
the
the
development
development
of
the
of
the
CPT
CPT
method
method
hod
differential settlement
1945 the development of the CPT met
r reading
afte
lly
soil. Especia
sub
the
of
t
tha
was
was
remarkable.
remarkable.
The
The
method
method
of
interpretation
of
interpretation
of
the
of
the
reading
from
from
CPT's
CPT's
in
order
in
order
to
predict
to
predict
the
the
and
s
the
tion
dict
nda
pre
fou
ir
the
from CPT's in order to
reading formulae
the
ofthe
onthe
tati
rpre
inte
of
hod
met
bearing
bearing
capacity
capacity
of
of
foundation
foundation
piles
piles
replaced
replaced
pile-driving
pile-driving
formulae
entirely,
entirely,
as
as
well
well
as
as
the
the
The
the
ble.
as
l
was remarka
-driving formulae entirely, as wel
pile
the of
dnumber
lace
replarge
s large
tion
driving
driving
of cap
test-piles.
of test-piles.
means
Bynda
means
of aofpile
very
a very
number
load-tests
of load-tests
it was
it was
proven
proven
that
that
by
considering
by
considering
acity ofByfou
sidering
con
ring
by
t
bea
tha
ven
-tests it was pro
load
ber of
num
largeaccurate
a very
means aofsufficiently
the
the
CPT
as test
as
a model
a model
sufficiently
accurate
prediction
prediction
of its
of its
bearing
bearing
capacity
capacity
could
could
By test-pile,
es. test-pile,
-pil
ldbebebe
cou
of
y
ingCPT
acit
driv
cap
of its bearing
prediction
teintolerable
accura
ntly
icie
suff
a
e,
-pil
obtained.
obtained.
Nowadays
Nowadays
the
the
Dutch
Dutch
generally
generally
consider
consider
it
intolerable
it
to
design
to
design
a
pile-foundation
a
pile-foundation
without
without
test
del
mo
out
a
with
as
tion
nda
the CPT
sider it intolerable to design a pile-fou
con
lly
era
gen
ch
Dut
having
having
available
available
sufficient
sufficient
CPT
CPT
information.
information.
the
ys
ada
obtained. Now
rmation.
having available sufficient CPT info

black black
black
earth earth
peat peat
peat

peaty peaty
sand sand
sand
peaty
sand sand
sand
clay clay
clay

A.P.A.P.
vanvan
denden
Berg
Berg
Piezocone
Piezocone

cone cone
cone

resisitance
(MPa)
End End
resistance
resistance
Mpa)
Mpa)
End resistance Mpa)

HowHow
it allitstarted
all started
How it all started

HowHow
things
things
are going
are going
in 2011
in 2011
How things are going in 2011

sand sand
sand