Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Applied Thermodynamics,
Vol.4, (No.3), pp.157-163, September2001
ISSN 1301-9724
Introduction
157
B1
B2
Process 2
B3
Process 1
B4
Process 2
5 MW
Process 1
ST
Cogeneration Systems
FUEL
3.
FUEL
B4
4.
Process 2
useful effect
consumed energy, exergy
(1)
Process 1
FUEL
CC
5
MW
GT
Air
Exhaust
Gas
e =
W + H proc
b =
mfuelFHV
W + Bproc
mfuelbfuel
(2)
(3)
FUEL
B4
Process 1
Process 2
3.3 MW
CC
Air
GT
(4)
ST
FUEL
3 MW
For
the
cogeneration
configuration
proposed in Figure 2, (st = steam turbine, p =
pump, proc = process), the expression of b G is:
b
Exhaust gas
Wst Wp + B proc
B fuel
(5)
= b st f st f p + b proc f proc
(6)
159
= b f gt f c + b
f
gt
proc proc
(7)
=
+ fst f p +
b G bgt f gt f c
bst
+ b
f proc
proc
(8)
fi
1.00
0.17
0.05
0.13
0.00
0.04
0.03
bi
0.37
0.75
0.89
0.84
0.75
0.97
0.97
fi
0.25
0,84
0.49
0.56
0.10
0.03
0.08
0.00
0.02
0.02
bi
0.90
0.79
0.91
0.38
0.79
0.89
0.84
0.74
0.97
0.98
of
(9)
(10)
System Configuration
bG
eG
Gas Turbine
0.80 / 0.63 0.31 / 0.36
Steam Turbine
0.72 / 0.43 0.29 / 0.25
Combined Cycle
0.76*/ 0.60 0.32*/ 0.35
* W=6.3 MW
Thermoeconomic Analysis
Cogeneration Systems
5.
the
(11)
(12)
Steam Turbine
chp = cp1 = cp2= ccd
ce = cp1 = cp2= ccd
Gas
Turbine
cgas = ceg
ce = ceg
161
TABLE VI. SPECIFIC PRODUCTION COSTS OF ELECTRICITY AND PROCESS STEAM (MASS
WEIGHTED AVERAGE VALUE OF THE TWO PROCESSES).
Method
System
Configuration
Equality
Electricity.
Steam
(US$/MWh)
(US$/t)
Steam Turbine
50.26
Gas Turbine
29.06
Combined*
40.82
Cycle
* W = 6.3 MW
Extraction
Electricity.
Steam
(US$/MWh)
(US$/t)
10.78
9.70
70.92
48.02
7.73
7.25
11.26
59.90
7.83
TABLE VII. SPECIFIC PRODUCTION COSTS OF ELECTRICITY AND PROCESS STEAM (MASS
WEIGHTED AVERAGE VALUE OF THE TWO PROCESSES) CONSIDERING PRODUCTION OF 17
MW.
Method
System
Configuration
Steam Turbine
Gas Turbine
Combined
Cycle
162
Equality
Electricity
Steam
(US$/MWh)
(US$/t)
Extraction
Electricity
Steam
(US$/MWh)
(US$/t)
59.25
26.01
12.71
12.97
67.98
41.88
8.33
5.99
35.75
13.40
47.24
7.48
6.
Concluding Remarks
fl
load factor
fom
ft
Hproc
mfuel
n
Nh
P0
r
T0
W
time factor
change of steam enthalpy flow rate in
the process (kW)
fuel mass flow rate (kg/s)
annual interest rate
8760 hours/year
reference pressure (bar)
capital recovery period (year)
reference temperature (K)
power generated by the plant (kW)
We
Greek Symbols
b
e
exergy efficiency
energy efficiency
Subscripts
c
cd
e
eg
G
gas
gt
i
o
proc
p
p1
p2
st
compressor
condenser
electricity
exhaust gas
concerning the whole plant
natural gas
gas turbine
inlet, component i
outlet
process
pump
steam demanded by process 1
steam demanded by process 2
steam turbine
References
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