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Abstract
Extracts of stem barks of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth (Mimosaceae) have been tested against strains of
Staphylococcus aureus collected from pus, blood, vaginal secretions, sperm and urines and also against a collection
strain of Staphylococcus aureus as a positive control. Tests have been conducted with the decoction, form under which
the drug is prescribed by the traditional healers and extracts obtained with different solvents: dichloromethan, ethanol
water 70 % (70 30 v:v), hydroethanolic extract 70 % after extraction with the dichloromethan, ethyl acetate. The results
showed that the decoction is indeed efficient against Staphylococcus aureus, thus justifying the successful use of it in
the traditional medicine. They also revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract 70 % and the ethyl acetate extract are more
effective against Staphylococcus aureus than the decoction. The dichloromethan extract has no effect against the tested
strains. Submitted to a column chromatography, the ethanolic extract, the most effective of all the tested extracts, gave
four fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4) that have been all tested against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus. F2 fraction exerted the
best inhibition. Submitted to a thin layer chromatography, this fraction gave three sub-fractions that have all been tested
against Staphylococcus aureus. None of them showed anti-staphylococcus activity. Chemical screening conducted with
all these extracts showed that the dichloromethan extract contains mainly sterols, triterpens and coumarins. It also
showed that the ethyl acetate extract, the aqueous and the hydroethanolic extracts contain saponosides,
anthracenosides, tannins, flavonoids, reducing compounds but in different proportions, justifying the differences in their
respective anti staphylococcus activities.
Key words: Stem barks Parkia biglobosa Staphylococcus aureus
Introduction
La rsistance de plus en plus accrue des staphylocoques vis--vis
des antibiotiques jadis reconnus pour leur efficacit, constitue
lheure actuelle un vritable problme de sant publique
(Nascimento et al, 2000). Les staphylocoques sont des bactries
ubiquistes (Stucke et al, 1993). En pathologie humaine, ils sont
responsables de nombreuses infections : maladies des voies
respiratoires (bronchites, pneumonies), maladies cutanomuqueuses (sinusites, infections de la sphre gnitale, abcs
pelviens, otites, furoncles, dermatoses, plaies,..), intoxications
alimentaires, endocardites. Les traitements des infections
staphylocoques sont gnralement longs et onreux (Berche et
Gaillard, 1988). A lheure actuelle, le squenage a permis de
dnombrer de nombreuses espces et de souches appartenant
la famille des staphylocoques (Iandolo et al, 2002). La plupart des
espces font partie de la flore commensale humaine, donc vivent
en symbiose avec lorganisme hte quils aident lutter contre
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Page 2
Extraits
Rendements en %
Aqueux (dcoct)
15,56 + 0,62
Dichlorormthane
1,7 + 0,27
Actate dthyle
13,08 + 0,22
Ethanol aqueux 70 %
18,95 + 0,17
12,35 + 0,17
Extraits
Principes
Chimiques
Strols &
Aqueu
x
Dichl
oro-
Act
ate
(dcoc
t)
Mtha
ne
dt
hyle
Etha
nol
70%
+
+
+
Saponosides
++
+
+
+
+
+
+++
Coumarines
+
+
+
+
Tanins
+++
+
+
+
+
+
+
+++
Anthracnosi
des
+++
+
+
+
+
+
+
++
Triterpnes
Extrait
lthanol 70%
aprs
puisement au
dichloromthan
e
-
Flavonosides
++
+
+
+
+
++
Sucres
ducteurs
+++
+
+
+
+
+
+
+++
Conc.mg/ml
Extraits
Extrait
Aqueux
Extrait hydro
Ethanolique
70%
Extrait
lactate dthyle
Extrait au
Dichloromthane
20
10
2,5
13 + 12 + 0,5
10+0,25 8,5+0,2
0,5
15
12,4
+ 10+0,50 8,2+0,25
+ 0,2 0,40
14,25 12,75+0,2 10,5 + 9 + 0,6
+
0,45
0,25
Diamtres des zones dinhibition en mm
Page 3
Extraits en
mg
10
5
2,5
1,25
mL-1
Fractions
Fraction 1
9,5 +1,2 8,5 + 0,35 Fraction 2
12,33
11,33 + 9 +1
+0,57
1,5
Fraction 3
11,33
9,66
+ 8,33
1,15
1,52
+0,57
Fraction 4
10,5 0,5 8,5 + 0,57 Fraction 2 13
+ 12 + 1,13 10 + 0,57
teste
sur 1,33
souche
ATCC
Diamtres des zones dinhibition en mm
Page 4
BIBLIOGRAPHIE
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ecological variables in the
seasonal variation of flavonoid content
Page 5
REMERCIEMENTS
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