Macha Kos

REPUBLIC OF KENYA
MACHAKOS
DISTRICT STRATEGIC PLAN
2005 - 2010
for
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL POPULATION

POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
National Coordinating Agency for Population

and Development
MACHAKOS
DISTRICT STRATEGIC PLAN
2005 - 2010
for
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL POPULATION
POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
MACHAKOS District Strategic Plan 2005-2010 for Implementation of the National

Population Policy for Sustainable Development
Any part of this document may be freely reviewed, quoted, reproduced or translated,
provided the source is acknowledged. It may not be sold or used in conjunction with
commercial purposes or for profit.
Published by:
Review, Editing and

Design:
August 2005
National Coordination Agency for Population and Development

Ministry of Planning and National Development
Chancery Tower 4th Floor
Valley Road at 5th Ngong Avenue
PO Box 48994-00100 Nairobi
Tel 254-20-271-1600/01
Fax 254-20-271-6508
Email ncpd@skyweb.co.ke
Robinson Kahuthu, Thomas Muchoki, Catherine Nyaga

HSK Consulting Ltd
Summit House University Way
PO Box 530 Nairobi 00618
hskenya@netscape.com
Contents
Contents........................................................................................................................................................... i
List of Abbreviations.....................................................................................................................................ii
Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................ iv
CHAPTER 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
CHAPTER 2:
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ........................................................................................ 16
Main Issues/Problems ................................................................................................... 16

Analysis of Institutions involved in RH Issues ............................................................. 16
Proposed Programme (Outputs) ................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
GENDER PERSPECTIVES IN DEVELOPMENT..................................................... 14
Main Issues/Problems .................................................................................................. 14

Analysis of Institutions involved in Gender Issues...................................................... 14
Proposed Programmes (Outputs) ................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 5
5.1
5.2
5.3
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................... 10

Analysis of Institutions involved in Population Programmes ...................................... 11
CHAPTER 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
DISTRICT PROFILE ...................................................................................................... 3
Demographic and Population Profile............................................................................. 5

Welfare Indicators.......................................................................................................... 6
Education ........................................................................................................................ 6
Labour Force .................................................................................................................. 7
Poverty Analysis............................................................................................................. 7
Health.............................................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 3:
3.1
3.2
3.3
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 1
Justification of the District-specific Strategic Plan. ...................................................... 1

Methodology .................................................................................................................. 1
Organization of the District Strategic Plan ................................................................... 2
STI/HIV/AIDS................................................................................................................. 18

Analysis of Institutions involved in STI/HIV/AIDS Issues............................................ 18
CHAPTER 7:
7.1
7.2
MONITORING AND EVALUATION ....................................................................... 20
Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 20
Evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 21
ANNEXES I - IV:
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF ACTION .......................................................... 22
ANNEX 1: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT.................................................................... 23

ANNEX II: GENDER PERSPECTIVE........................................................................................ 30
ANNEX III: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH................................................................................... 31
ANNEX IV: STI/HIV/AIDs .......................................................................................................... 33
ANNEXES V VIII: MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK ......................................... 34
ANNEX V: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................................... 35

ANNEX VI: GENDER PERSPECTIVE....................................................................................... 45
ANNEX VII: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH.................................................................................. 46
ANNEX VIII: STI/HIV/AIDs ....................................................................................................... 48
List of Abbreviations
AIDS
CBO
CORPS
DACC
DAO
DCO
DDC
DDO
DEC
DFO
DHMT
DLPO
DLPO
DPO
DPRHC
DPU
DSDO
DSO
DSP
DWO
DYTO
FPAK
GOK
HBC
HIV
IEC
IGA
KDHS
KSPA
LT
MCH
MOE
MOH
MOVs
MT
MYWO
NACC
NASCOP
NCAPD
NGOs
NPA
NPPSD
OVIs
RH
ST
STI
SWOT
TBA
VCT
WN
WV
Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome

Community Based Organization
Community Resource Persons
District Aids Control Committee
District Agricultural Officer
District Childrens Officer
District Development Committee
District Development Officer
District Executive Committee
District Forest Officer
District Health Management Team
District Livestock Production Officer
District Livestock Production Officer
District Population Officer
District Population and Reproductive Health Committee
District Planning Unit
District Social Development Officer
District Statistical Officer
District Strategic Plan
District Water Officer
District Youth Training Officer
Family Planning Association of Kenya
Government of Kenya
Home-Based Care
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus
Information Education Communication
Income Generating Activities
Kenya Demographic and Health Survey
Kenya Service Provision Assessment
Long Term
Maternal and Child Health
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Health/Medical Officer of Health
Means of Verification
Medium Term
Maendeleo Ya Wanawake Organization
National Aids Control Council
National AIDs & STDs Control Programme
National Coordinating Agency for Population and Development
Non Governmental Organizations
National Plan of Action
National Population Policy for Sustainable Development
Objectively Verifiable Indicators
Reproductive Health
Short Term
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
Traditional Birth Attendants
Voluntary Counseling & Testing
World Neighbors
World Vision
ii
Foreword
This district-specific Strategic Plan is a localization of the National Plan of Action
(NPA) for the implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable
Development (NPPSD) contained in Sessional Paper No. 1 of 2000.
The Plan was prepared by key representatives in the population and health
sectors from the various ministries, non-governmental organizations, faith-based
organizations and other stakeholders in the district.
This exercise was
coordinated by District Population Officer (DPO) assisted by members of the
District Development Committee (DDC).
The Plan preparation involved addressing all the critical issues as identified in the
NPPSD, pinpointing problems associated with each issue and prioritizing them
according to the needs of the district. These issues include: Population and
Development; Gender Perspectives; Reproductive Health (RH); and,
STI/HIV/AIDS. In this regard, the stakeholders proposed the activities that need
to be undertaken to address the identified issues/problems in a draft plan. The
draft plan was then discussed with the members of the District Executive
Committee (DEC) and approved by the DDC.
The Logical framework matrix approach was used to develop the indicators for
the identified activities that will be used to monitor and evaluate the
implementation of the Plan. Its successful implementation is an onerous task and
requires joint effort, hard work and dedication from all stakeholders in the district.
The districts must therefore dedicate themselves towards fully implementing the
activities stipulated in this document.
iii
Acknowledgement
The National Coordinating Agency for Population and Development (NCAPD),
wishes to acknowledge with gratitude, the contributions of all those who have
been involved in the development of this district-specific strategic plan.
Special thanks goes to district-level stakeholders who got together and through
consensus building, brought out the issues pertinent to their district and likely
solutions. Officials from the Ministries of Planning and National Development and
Health at the district level (DDO, DSO, DMOH and DPHN) contributed
significantly through supporting the stakeholders proposals with factual
information and consolidating the ideas into a preliminary draft.
Notably important to acknowledge is the team of officers from the NCAPD who
participated in providing technical expertise, and, coordinated the field activities
as needed to make the process of plan development successful. These include
Dr. Paul Kizito and Michael Mbaya (Policy), Kimeli Chepsiror (Finance and
Administration), George Kichamu and Sam Ogola (IEC) and of course all the
District Population Officers. The role of Karugu Ngatia in overall coordination of
the exercise is acknowledged.
Lastly, the whole exercise would not have been possible without the financial
support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) through the 5th and 6th
Country Programme of Assistance.
Its the efforts of all those above that the districts now have a blueprint for
reference while implementing the National Population Policy for Sustainable
Development over the next five years. The challenge therefore remains with the
implementers to actualize the contents and accomplish the objectives of the
Policy.
iv
MACHAKOS DISTRICT STRATEGIC PLAN 2005-2010
CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND
The National Population Policy for Sustainable Development (NPPSD) was

officially adopted by Parliament in May 2000. The policy supercedes the 1984
Sessional Paper No. 4 on population policy guidelines. The policy, apart from
building on the achievements of the Population Policy Guidelines also addresses
new and emerging issues like HIV/AIDS, gender, the youth, the elderly, persons
with disabilities and the environment.
The NPPSD outlines a wide range of strategies and actions that need to be
undertaken to meet the set goals, objectives and targets through a multi sectoral
and multi dimensional integrated approach involving all stakeholders in the
population and health sector.
1.1
Justification of the District-specific Strategic Plan.
In order to implement the NPPSD, it was found necessary to develop the

National Plan of Action (NPA). The NPA gives direction to implementing agencies
and donors on the needs of the population and how to monitor and evaluate ongoing population projects and programmes.
The NPA is a document that spells out the activities to implement the NPPSD for
the whole country. However, given the regional differentials, it was of necessity
to develop district-strategic plans to address specific population and development
needs of various districts.
Each district has peculiar problems and hence
mechanisms to address these identified problems and needs should be different.

1.2
Methodology
The District Strategic Plan (DSP) for Machakos District was developed through
consensus building. First, a workshop was held for key persons in the District to
come up with the content and format of the plan. Attending this workshop were
officers from the Ministry of Planning and National Development (DDO, DSO,
DPO) and Ministry of Health (DMOH, DPHN). It was agreed that the DSP should
address all the central issues identified in the NPPSD and use the NPA to
Implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable Development
develop the District implementation plan. The log frame approach was then used
to develop monitoring and evaluation indicators for the identified activities.
In preparation for the development of strategic plans for the Eastern region, the
first step was to hold a seminar to disseminate the National Plan of Action on
which the (DSPs) were to be based. This involved stakeholders in the Population
and Health from Machakos, Makueni and Kitui districts. The participants included
DDO, DSO, DPO and MOH personnel from these districts. Background
documents provided to the participants included the NPPSD, NPA, District
Development Plans and RH strategy. During the workshop, presentations were
made on the NPPSD, NPA, SWOT Analysis, strategic planning and monitoring
Evaluation.
The participants then formed district teams and undertook SWOT Analysis of the
existing implementers of the population and health programmes and projects in
their respective districts.
Later, the teams identified priority problems/issues that need to be addressed by
various implementers of programmes. Activities to be undertaken to address the
identified issues were then agreed upon by the workshop.
The NCAPD
secretariat, using the workshop outputs, later prepared a draft of DSP that was
later developed into this document.
1.3
Organization of the District Strategic Plan
This chapter provides the background to the District Strategic Plan, namely the
rationale for the plan and the methodology used. The second chapter provides a
profile of district for issues pertinent to this Plan. The next four chapters focuses
on broad themes of the Strategic Plan, that is; Population and Development,
Gender Perspectives, Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS.
A strategy for
monitoring and evaluating the implementation of this Plan is presented in the last
chapter. The annexes contain the implementation plans of action and the
monitoring and evaluation framework.
Machakos District Strategic Plan 2005-2010
CHAPTER 2: DISTRICT PROFILE

Machakos District is one of the thirteen districts that form Easter Province. The
district borders the city and Thika District to the northwest, Kitui ad Mwingi District
to the east, Kajiado District to the west, Makueni District to the south, Maragwa
District to the north and Mbeere District to the northeast. It stretches from
latitudes 0 45 south to 1 31 south ad longitudes 36 45east to 37 45 east.
The district covers an area of 6,281.4kms most of which is semi-arid. High and
medium potential areas where rain fed agriculture is carried out consist of
1,574km2 or 26 percent of the total area. Administratively, the district is divided
into twelve divisions, sixty-two locations ad two hundred ad twenty, five sub
locations as show in table1 below ;
Table 1: Population by Administrative Units
DIVISION
CENTRAL
KALAMA
KANGUNDO
KATHIANI
MASINGA
MATUNGULU
ATHI RIVER
MWALA
NDITHINI
YATHUI
YATTA
KATANGI
TOTAL
AREA (KM2)
49.5
330.2
178.2
205.8
1,094.1
634.3
957
481.5
316.8
533
491
568
6,281.4
DENSITY
307
130
539
486
72
165
54
195
107
129
90
164
152
LOCATION
9
4
5
4
6
7
3
7
3
6
4
4
62
Source: District Survey Office, Machakos, 2001
Machakos Municipal Council covers Central Division while Mavoko Municipal

covers Athi River Division. Kagundo Town council covers Matugulu and
Kagundo Division while Matuu town council covers Matuu ad Kathiani locations
The Masaku County Council covers all the others areas of the District.
Kagundo and Kathiani Divisions had the highest population densities of 512 ad
462 persons per km2 respectively during the 1999 census ad 539 ad 486
persons per km2 projected for 2002 as they have relatively high economic
potential than the other divisions. These divisions though covering the least areas
have fertile soils that support other cash ad food crops ad receive moderate
rainfall. Athi river Division which is among the biggest in
the area, had the
lowest density of 51 ad 54 persons per km2 (1999 ad 2002) although over 50%
of the population is concentrated Athi River Town. The densely populated
divisions have a scattered type of settlement with small farms raging from 1 to 10
hectares while Athi River Division the majority of the people are food rural
settlements. The population density pattern in the district is shown in Map 1.
Map 1: Location, Administrative Areas and Population Density Pattern
2.1
Demographic and Population Profile
The average population density of the district was 126 persons per km2 in 1989
while in 1999 it was 144 persons per km,2 representing an increase of 14.3
percent. This increase is attributed to overall population growth rate and
migration of people to towns, especially along the major highways.
Divisions with fertile soils ad high agricultural potential have higher population
densities than the rest of the district. These include the hill masses of Central,
Kagundo, Kathiani ad Matungulu Divisions. This population has however put
much pressure o the land and will continue to increase over the years. Marginal
divisions have relatively low population densities. Athi River Division has the
lowest density of 51 persons per km2. Over 50percent of this population is,
however, concentrated around Athi River town, where labour can seek
employment in the industries. Over the years, the density is expected to increase
up to 59 persons per km2 at the end of the plan period.
Table 2: Demographic indicators (2002)
Population
954,082
Number of Males
466,064
Number of Females
488,018
Female/Male Sex Ratio
100:96
Number of Youthful Population (15 25) years
223,708
Primary school population (6 13) years
225,630
Secondary School Population (14 17) years
103,843
Labour Force (15 64) years
489,784
Dependency Ratio
100:94
Population Growth Rate
1.7%
Rural Population at start of Plan Period 2002
421,945
Urban Population at start of Plan Period 2002
532,137
Source: Districts Statistics Office, Machakos, 2001
The districts population stood at 906,644 according to the 1999 Population

Census consisting of 442,891 males and 463,753 females representing 48.8%
and 51.2% of the population respectively. Growing at rate of 1.7%, the population
is expected to rise 954,082 and 1,056,535 in 2002 and 2008 respectively.
The majority of the population of the district is young with 510,507 or 56.3% being
below 20 years. Table 3 below provides the population projections for 1999 to
2010 by age and sex cohorts.
Table 3: Population Projections by Age Cohort and Sex
2000
Age
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0-4
69093
67230
64918
62743
63788
61559
62611
60330
61386
59054
60114
57732
58794
56366
5-9
71164
68384
72350
69173
72356
69107
72335
69014
72288
68896
72213
68751
72112
68579
10-14
71032
67980
76802
73304
77785
74203
78761
75094
79729
75976
80689
76849
81638
77712
15-19
59883
59778
66353
65939
67525
67044
68697
68148
69869
69250
71039
70349
72208
71445
20-24
38924
45709
43753
50463
44647
51317
45544
52171
46443
53023
47344
53873
48247
54720
25-29
29763
36765
33768
40928
34518
41687
35272
42447
36029
43206
36789
43966
37550
44725
30-34
24622
28488
27656
32141
28217
32820
28780
33501
29345
34184
29911
34868
30477
35553
35-39
20212
22969
22773
25966
23249
26524
23726
27084
24205
27646
24685
28210
25166
28774
40-44
16641
18626
19056
20756
19513
21145
19972
21535
20434
21924
20899
22314
21365
22703
45-49
13661
15222
15620
16940
15990
17253
16363
17567
16737
17880
17113
18193
17490
18506
50-54
10880
12252
12248
13906
12502
14215
12756
14526
13012
14838
13268
15151
13524
15465
55-59
8811
9978
9692
11100
9850
11305
10007
11509
10164
11714
10320
11918
10476
12122
60-64
6895
7841
7119
7881
7143
7863
7164
7842
7184
7817
7201
7789
7216
7758
65-69
5688
6554
5857
6636
5874
6631
5888
6624
5901
6614
5912
6602
5921
6587
70-74
4764
5602
5086
6080
5138
6162
5189
6244
5239
6325
5289
6406
5337
6486
75-79
4126
4986
4804
6212
4934
6455
5065
6701
5197
6950
5330
7201
5464
7454
80+
6956
7972
8224
9414
8470
9693
8719
9975
8969
10258
9222
10544
9476
10831
463115
486335
496077
519583
501497
524985
506850
530310
512131
535555
517337
540715
522462
545786
2.2
Welfare Indicators
2.2.1 Education
Machakos District has close to 850 primary schools. The primary school
enrolment rate is 81% for both boys and girls. School drop out was reported to be
5.5%. The Primary school going population (6-13 years) makes up to 20.3% of
the district total population and was estimated to be 237,338 in 1999. This age
cohort is expected to increased to 276,576 in year 2008Although the enrolment
rate is high (81%), the district will need to invest in the provision of additional
educational facilities.
The district has 154 secondary schools and an enrolment rate of 32% for both
boys and girls. The secondary school going age group comprises about 9% of
the total population and was estimated to be 98,680 in 1999. It is projected to rise
to 114,996 by year 2008.The secondary school drop out rate was estimated to be
4.7%. Many children drop out of primary and secondary school mainly due to in
ability to afford cost of education and the limited number of schools.
2.2.2 Labour Force
The labour force in Machakos District is increasing rapidly. According to the 1999
Population and Housing Census the total population of this age group
represented
47.6%
(465,432)
of
the
total
population
and
comprised
221,403males and 244,029 females. This number is projected to increase to

542,379 comprising of 258,006 males and 284,373 females by year 2008. The
high increase in labour force has led to increase in unemployment and this could
lead to escalation of crimes as a result of non-absorption of this active population
in services of gainful employment.
2.2.3
Poverty Analysis
According to the welfare monitoring survey (WMS II) of 1994 ad WMS III of 1997,
the district had 68.7 per cent ad 63.3percet respectively of its population below
the poverty lie. During the poverty assessment exercise carryout in year 2000,
the district was estimated to have 66.2 percent of the population as poor.
From the surveys it may not be possible to set out a trend. However, it is worth
noting that the surveys were carried out under different circumstances, which
may have influenced the results. The 1994 survey was carried out when the
district was experiencing very severe drought ad as such most of the households
could not afford basic essential needs. The1997 survey was carried in MarchMay, a period when the district had just harvested the crops and as such most of
the households were food secure while the 2000 poverty assessment was carried
out against a background of severe drought when most of the households were
dependent o relief food.
From the three results, however, it can be deduced that over 63 per cent of the
people in the district are poor. This compares well with poverty assessment,
which put the figure at 63.3 percent. The results indicate also that the district
contributed about 4.4per cent to the national poverty. Table 4 below presents the
social-economic indicators of the district
Table 4: Socio-Economic Indicators, 2002
Total number of Households
186,297
Average Households size
4.9
Number of female headed households
Not available
Number of disabled groups
Not available
Children needing special protection
15,000
Absolute Poverty (Rural & Urban)
63%
Income from Agriculture
70%
Income from Rural Self employment
10%
Wage employment
11%
Number of unemployed
2%
Source: Districts Statistics Office, Machakos, 2001
2.2.4 Health
In the year 2001, Machakos had over 110 health facilities spread across the
district. The doctor/population ratio is about 1:62,325 showing over-utilization of
doctors. The average distance to a health facility is 5 Km. The most prevalent
diseases are Malaria and Skin diseases while the childhood diseases include
anaemia, marasmus, eye infection, pneumonia, malaria, Kwashiorkor etc.
HIV/AIDs in Machakos is a major health problem with the prevalence averaging

15%. With regard to bed occupancy, about 50% of the hospital beds are
occupied by patients with HIV/AIDs related diseases. HIV\AIDS in the district was
diagnosed in June 1989 and 4 males and 5 females tested HIV positive. In
December of the same year, 42 cases had been reported ad since then the
numbers have continued to increase.
Majority of HIV\AIDS patients are found in Machakos Town and its environs and
in all towns along the Mombassa highway. Cases are being reported in the small
up-coming towns in the district like Wamuyu and, Matuu. HIV\AIDS incidences
along the major highway and upcoming towns are attributed the long distance
truck drivers\touts and, the commercial, sex workers.
The biggest challenge facing the district is the increasing cases HIV\AIDS in spite
of the awareness level of over 85 per cent.
It also faces the challenges of
providing medical care for the infected and support for the affected. Currently the
district estimates that there are over 15,000 children who are in need of special
care (CSP) ad this numbers is expected to rise due to the increasing number of
HIV\AIDS orphans. The table below summarizes the health indicators of the
district.
Table 5: Health Indicators 1999
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
46/1000
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
9/1000
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
53/1000
Under 5 Mortality Rate
78/1000
Total Fertility Rate
3.5
HIV Prevalence Rate
15%
Doctor/POPULATION Ratio
1:62,325
Source: District Medical Officer of Health (DMOH)
CHAPTER 3: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT

The Population of Machakos District is estimated to be 954,082 (2002) with a
growth rate of 1.7% per annum. By the year 2008 this population expected to
increase to 1,056,535 assuming that the same growth rate persists. Clearly the
high population growth rate has serious effect on social and economic
development. This is manifested in increased unemployment, high dependency
ratio, increased demand for health services, increased demand for agricultural
land, more need for fuel and forest products, over-crowding in educational
facilities, more demand for better housing, high levels in poverty indices.
If viewed against the limited resources, clearly population growth is a major
challenge of the district. Poor farming practices coupled with lack of concern
about forest conservation in the district has resulted in soil erosion and
environmental degradation.
3.1
Main Issues/Problems
Rapid population growth has resulted in high population especially that of youth.
Land has been fragmented into uneconomic holdings leading to environmental
degradation. Other problems related to increasing child labour and family
breakdowns. All these developments have taken place in an environment of
insufficient integration of population and environmental concerns in the
development
process.
The
issues/problems
concerning
population
and
development in the district are therefore:

Population and development:
The issue here is weak integration of
population concerns into development planning due to lacking of training

and poorly equipped DIDCs.
Population and environment: Environment issues have been a major
problem facing Machakos District. The effects of population and
environment in the district include pollution from the industries, destruction
of forests leading soil erosion and desertification.
10
Youth and Children: High unemployment rate, high rate of school drop
out, high rate of early marriages and pregnancies and high rate of
HIV/AIDs prevalence are the major concerns affecting youth and children.
Child labour, orphans and street children are on the increase.
Family: The following issues affect families in Thika District; increased
instability in marriages; increased numbers of female headed families; and
high rate of wife inheritance.
Elderly and People with Disabilities: Problems facing elderly people and
people with disabilities include increased poverty, increased rates of
abandonment of elderly persons and PWDs, inadequate shelter and
health for the elderly and PWDs.
3.2
Analysis of Institutions involved in Population Programmes
In the district the following institutions/NGOs/CBOs/Ministries were identified as

best suited to undertake programmes to address the population and development
issues raised above; Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Home
Affairs (DSDO), Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology, Ministry of Environment, Local Community and NGOs and Religious
Organizations. The table below outlines the results of the SWOT analysis by
each main issue/problem;
1. Integration of Population variables in development process

INSTITUTION
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
Ministry of
Planning and
National
Development
-Well
trained
personnel in
development
planning
issues
-Inadequate
personnel
- Government
support
-Enough
support
staff
-Existing
policy
guidelines
-Inadequate
infrastructure
- Low staff
morale
-Unreliable
transport
-Lack of
communication
facilities
-Networking
with other
development
agencies
THREATS
-Staff attrition
-Over dependence on
donor funding
-Political goodwill
Good networking
structure
11
2. Population and Environment

INSTITUTION
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
Ministry of
Environment and
Natural
Resources,
Office of
President
Well trained
personnel
Inadequate staff
Donor support
Inadequate funds
Networking
Community
participation
Low staff morale
Government support
Trained personnel,
Inadequate staff,
Wide coverage
Inadequate
logistical support
Wanting logistics
THREATS
Lack of
support/communit
y participation
Collapse of
industries leading
to unemployment
3. Family
Ministry of Home
Affairs and
Ministry of
Education
Favoured by Donor
community
Good networking and

collaborations
High staff
attrition
Donor and community

support
Transfer of staff
Political goodwill Good

networking structure
4. Children and Youth

Ministry of
Education
Well trained
personnel
Wide coverage
Inadequate personnel
Government support
Inadequate transport
Donor support
Low morale
Networking with other

agencies
Equal opportunities
for both boys/ girls
Ministry of
Home Affairs,
Childrens
Department
Well trained
personnel
High staff
turnover
Deaths
Political goodwill Good

networking structure
Inadequate personnel
Government support
Low staff morale
Transport problems
Donor support
Staff turnover
Networking
capability
Wide coverage
12
5. Elderly and People with Disabilities

Ministry
of Home
Affairs
(DSDO)
Adequate office
accommodation,
Available Resource
Centre,
Inadequate staff,
Donor Support,
Services are
concentrated in some
parts of the District
GOK support,
Good networking with
other stakeholders
Sustainability of
programmes,
Poor community
Participation
Sufficient logistics &

Transport
3.3
Proposed Programmes (Outputs)
The following outputs were identified as key to addressing issues/problems

affecting population and development in the district:
Equilibrium between environment, population and development enhanced.
Institutions and their capacities to integrate population and environment
issues into development identified and strengthened at all levels.
Reduced incidences in instability in marriage
Rights of the children and their basic needs enhanced.
Reduced deforestation
Reduce the rate of school dropouts
Reduced incidences of early marriages and pregnancies
Reduced prevalence and incidences of HIV/AIDs
To achieve the above outputs several activities have been suggested, and are
outlined in Annex I.
13
CHAPTER 4
GENDER PERSPECTIVES IN
DEVELOPMENT
Gender can be defined as being a male or female and translated into the
opportunities enjoyed by either of the two sexes as prescribed by the societal
values and norms. The society has put restrictions on these opportunities thus
causing disparities between males and females. Gender pre-determines different
expectations about appearances, qualities, behaviors and roles appropriate for
males and females in the society. Violence occurring in the family and within the
general community is a gender concern. The common violence includes wife
battering, sexual abuse to girl child, rape, sexual harassment and intimidation at
work. In Machakos District gender disparities are manifested through school
enrolment, property ownership, access to credit and discrimination in places of
work among others.
4.1
The following are the gender concerns in identified in District;

There exists profound gender disparities in provision of education and
attainment of education at all levels of schooling
Low status of women in society due to socio-cultural practices, low level of
education attainment vis--vis men.
Inadequate awareness and understanding of gender issues
Low participation of women in development
Biases in property ownership/rights
4.2
Analysis of Institutions involved in Gender Issues
The key institutions that can deal with the gender issues mentioned above in the
district are; DSDO, NGOs- (MYWO, FPAK) and Religious organizations. A SWOT
analysis of Ministry of Home Affairs (DSDO) and the churches identified as some
of the institution that can address gender concerns in the district revealed the
matrix presented in the next page.
14
INSTITUTION
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
Ministry of
Home Affairs
Trained
personnel
Limited
involvement with
illiterate women
Member of
several networks
from low to
international
Overdependence on
donor support
Grass root
support
Clear Gender
approach
Clear knowledge
of the culture
Existence of
active NGOs
MYWO, FPAK,
Churches
Wide coverage
Trained
personnel
Availability of
resources
(logistics)
4.3
Cultural beliefs
and taboos
including harmful
cultural practices
such as FGM
Has goodwill
from local
community and
leader
Lack of public
awareness in the
programme
Collaboration and
networking among
NGOs, Ministries
Too rigid (church

doctrine)
Community
support
Weak
management of
projects/program
mes
Networking and
collaborations
Involvement is
limited
Devil Worship
Cultural
practices and
beliefs
Donor support
Target population
The following outputs were identified as key to addressing the main issues
related to gender in the district:
Gender equality and status of women enhanced.
Gender disparities in literacy and education attainment at all levels.
Mechanisms that will ensure equal participation and representation of
women and men at all levels in all sectors of development established.
Reduced biases in property ownership/rights
For these outputs several activities are identified that if successfully implemented
would achieve the desired results. They are listed in Annex II.
15
CHAPTER 5
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Reproductive Health (RH) as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), is

generally a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters
related to the RH system, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. RH
care system therefore is inclusive of all promotive, preventive and curative
services that will be conducive to the well being of the individual in human
reproduction and sexuality.
In Machakos District, the population of females of reproductive age group (15-49)
was estimated to be 214,759 in 2002 and is projected to increase to 250,264 by
year 2008. In Machakos District different aspects of provision of reproductive
health services were found to be wanting.
5.1
Despite Machakos District having over 110 health facilities, several problems
affecting reproductive health were highlighted. These include:
Inadequate access to affordable and quality or RH services
Low access to RH information and services by youth and adolescents
Little male participation in RH issues
Inadequate skills in reproductive health services
Unsafe motherhood
5.2
Analysis of Institutions involved in RH Issues
In the district, Ministry of Health (MOH), NCPD, NGOs and Religious

Organizations were identified as potential institutions that can address all issues
related to reproductive health. The SWOT analysis of MOH, NCAPD and
Religious Organizations as the main providers of Reproductive Health services
resulted to the matrix presented in the following page.
16
INSTITUTION
Ministry of
Health (MOH)
and NCAPD
STRENGTHS
Skilled manpower
Available resources
(transport/finance).
Sufficient
networking
Government
department,
WEAKNESSES
Cost sharing is
a burden
Inadequate
specialists staff
Inadequate
transport at RH
facilities
OPPORTUNITIES
Private Health Facilities
Donor support
Community initiatives
THREATS
Poor road
Network
Quacks
Religious groups
Collaboration and
networking
Government facilities
Religious
Organizations
Networking with
CBDs
Community
ownership
Supplements
services by MOH
Cost recovery
(expensive
venture)
Strong programme
management
5.3
Networking/collaboration
Donor support
Government support
Dwindling
funds
Duplication
of effort
Community participation
Sustainability
Proposed Programme (Outputs)
Various outputs were identified in this Plan that needs to be achieved if

reproductive health needs of Machakos District are to be addressed. The
proposed outputs include:
Health care facilities appropriately equipped to provide quality
maternal and child services.
Access to affordable and quality reproductive health services
improved.
Access and utilization of appropriate RH information and services by
youth and adolescents increased.
Male participation in all aspects or RH enhanced
Skills of RH services provider improved
Clean/safe delivery, emergency and obstetric care provided
For each of the above outputs, a number of activities have been proposed. These
are articulated by the Matrices in Annex III.
17
CHAPTER 6
STI/HIV/AIDS
One of the RH concerns that have continued to affect a large population of

Kenyans in their reproductive ages is STI/HIV/AIDS. In Machakos District HIV
prevalence is of great concern. In year 2001, HIV prevalence rate was estimated
to be 15% in 2001.The impact of the scourge has been felt at all levels of the
districts economic and social circles. An increase in the number of HIV/AIDs
orphans and street children has been noted.
6.1
Issues/problems that require urgent and concerted efforts in the district are:
High incidence of STDs and HIV/AIDS
Slow behavioural change
Inadequate care and support for the infected and affected
6.2
Analysis of Institutions involved in STI/HIV/AIDS Issues
The Ministry of Health, NACC, NGOs and religious organizations were identified
as major institutions that can spearhead the fight against HIV/AIDs. A SWOT
analysis of MoH, NACC, Religious Organizations and NGOs revealed the
following:
INSTITUT
ION
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
Ministry of
Health and
NACC
Trained personnel
Understaffing
Wide coverage
Inadequate
logistics
Government and donor

support
Staff
attrition
Networking/collaboratio
n
Dwindling
funds
Retrogressive
cultural
practices.
Favoured
Existence of
infrastructure
Lack of testing
kits
Low staff
morale (MOH)
18
INSTITUT
ION
STRENGTHS
NGOs/
Religious
Organizatio
ns
Networking
with CBDs
Community
ownership
Services by
MOH
Cost recovery
(expensive
venture)
Strong
programme
management
6.3
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
Networking
Dwindling
funds
Donor support
Government support
Duplication
of effort
Sustainability
To address the main issues/problems affecting Machakos District, the following

broad outputs were identified as important:
Reduced incidence of HIV infection
Increased behaviour change
Established support and care for the infected and affected with HIV/AIDS
To achieve the above outputs, a number of activities have been proposed. These
are articulated by the Matrices in Annex IV.
19
CHAPTER 7: MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and Evaluation will provide a wealth of information derived from the
project staff and beneficiaries. The information gathered will be analyzed and
used to improve the quality of programme implementation at every stage.
7.1
Monitoring
Monitoring will be undertaken in all the projects/programmes and will be done

regularly to ensure that activities are being carried out as planned. If there will be
any hindrances to the implementation of the activities this regular monitoring will
assist in identifying and getting solutions for them.
Different agencies already have their own ways of monitoring, but during the
implementation of the DPA, these will be agreed upon depending on the activities
agreed being implemented.
This will be at different levels, because different
agencies already report to their District Headquarters, Provincial Headquarters

and others direct to their National Office.
The following will be some of the ways that will be applied.
(a)
Quarterly Meetings: There will be quarterly meetings by the stakeholders

to review the progress made in the planned quarter. At the district level
there are already District Meetings e.g. DEC, DDC, DHMT, DP&HC.
(b)
Quarterly Reports:
These will be produced on quarterly basis with a
format to be agreed upon by all the stakeholders. These reports will serve
as a checklist for activities that are planned to be accomplished in the
given quarter. What has actually been carried out and what has not and
reason for not accomplishing the activities.
(c)
Annual Reports: These will monitor progress of the programme per given
year.
(d)
Field Visits: A team to be agreed upon by the stakeholders will undertake

the field visits. They will state what the team is to check and observe as
they do their field visits.
20
The reports prepared from all the above will be forwarded to a higher level and
feedback will be given so that action can be effected.
The reports are to be checked against the programme work plans so that
progress is monitored alongside what was planned to be achieved.
7.2
Evaluation
Evaluation will be used to assess the relevance, the impact and success of the
programme.
The DPA will utilize the National sampled surveys (KDHS and
KSPA) to evaluate their programmes. The individual projects will do their own
internal and external evaluation.
The results will be used to modify the planned activities or to recommend for
extension of the programmes.
Depending on which type of evaluation is used the monitoring reports will serve
as an input to the evaluation process.
The Monitoring and Evaluation framework for the planned activities are shown in
Annexes V to VIII.
21
ANNEXES I - IV:
ANNEX I
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF ACTION
Population and Development
ANNEX II Gender Perspective
ANNEX III Reproductive Health
ANNEX IV STI/HIV/AIDS
22
ANNEX 1: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
1. Integration of Population in Development

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE PARTIES
INPUTS
Integration of population
issues into development
process enhanced
Conduct a needs assessment on

institutions dealing with
population programmes
Short term
Ministry of Planning and

National Development (MPND)
Personnel
Funds
Logistics
Carry out dissemination

activities
Continuous
MPND
Training manpower
Continuous
MPND
Carry out routine baseline

surveys
Continuous
MPND
Equip the DIDC with updated

and relevant materials
Continuous
MPND
Annex II: Machakos District Strategic Plan
Personnel
Funds
Logistics
Personnel
Funds
Logistics
Personnel
Funds
Logistics
Personnel
Funds
Logistics
23

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE PARTY
RESOURCES/
INPUT
Reduced use of wood

fuel
Sensitize the community on planting of trees.
Short Term
DFO
Funds
Continuous
Community
Personnel
Medium Term
Home Economic Department

(Ministry of Agriculture)
Funds
Short Term
DFO, Local Authorities
Funds
Continuous
Community
Personnel
Sensitize and mobilize community on

afforestation programme
Short Term/ Continuous
MENR ,OP, MOA
Logistics
Mobilize and promote CBOs in development

of tree- Nurseries in the community
Short Term
Teach community on the use of energy saving

Jikos
Establish more tree nurseries
Reduced deforestation
Personnel
Funds
DSDO
Funds
MENR
Logistics
OP
Reinforce legal actions on Deforestation
Short Term /Continuous
OP
Logistics
24
3. Youth and Children

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE PARTIES
INPUTS
Rights of the child enhanced
Advocate for the rights of the child
Continuous
MOEST
Personnel
MOH
Funds
MH&S
Logistics
Local Government
Set up community based care centres for
children in difficult circumstances
Continuous
MOEST, MOH
Personnel
MH&S, Local Government
Funds
Logistics
Reduced unemployment rate
Strengthen non-formal education for school

drop outs
Continuous
Sensitize the youth and, community on self

employment through local Barazas and local
media
Short Term
Mobilize the youth into viable groups

Train the youth on the entrepreneurship skills
Mobilize funds locally and internationally.
MOEST,MH&S
Personnel, Funds
Local Government
Logistics
DSDO
Logistics
DDO
Transport
OP
Personnel
Short Term
DSDO
Logistics
Short Term,
Continuous
DSDO
Funds
Long Term
DSDO
DTDO
Funds
DCs Office
School drop out rate reduced
Strengthen bursary funds
Short Term,
Continuous
MOE
Funds
Communities
Personnel
25
Set up IGAs in schools
Train head teachers on financial management
Support & strengthen school feeding program
Provide non-formal education.
Drug abuse eliminated
Conduct workshops for the youth on the

dangers of drug abuse
Short Term
MOE
Funds
Continuous
Community
Long Term,
Continuous
MOE
Long Term,
Continuous
MOE, ICS, Community
Long Term,
Continuous
MLHRD
Funds
Labour
Personnel
Continuous
DSDO
Human and Financial
Funds
Personnel
Funds
Personnel
(CBO)
Religious Org.
Advocate for the formation of youth clubs
Establish youth friendly counseling/guidance

centres.
26
Improved provision of basic needs
Establish IGAs for the youth
Continuous
DDO
Human and Financial
DSDO
Prov. Admin.
Lobby for policy dealing with provision of

basic needs and rights
Reduced rate of early marriages
Conduct educational campaigns through

Barazas and seminars on the disadvantages
of early marriages
Continuous
DSDO
Human and Financial
DDO
Prov. Admin.
Enforce law against juvenile marriages
Reduce cases of children neglect and

abuse
Advocate for the enforcement of children

act 2000.
Long Term
DCO, DCAC, OP
Educate the community on the children

rights.
Long Term
DCO, DCAC
Hold seminars and workshops for the

implementers of children act.
Short Term
DCO, DSDO
Human Resources Finance
27
4. Family
OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE
PARTY
RESOURCES
Reduced poverty levels
Encourage the establishment of IGAs and community

bank
Continuous
DALEO
Human and
DDO
Financial.
DLASO
Rehabilitation of major irrigation schemes
DWO(Water)
DFO
Lobby for the rehabilitation of the major irrigation

schemes
Strengthened family units
Decrease in the incidence of single

parenthood
Sensitize families on responsible parenthood

through guidance and Counseling workshops.
Sensitize families on the virtues of responsible

parenthood through guidance and Counseling
workshops
Lobby for resources for workshops on guidance and
counseling.
Mid Term
Mid Term
DMOH, FBOs
Human and
DPO (probation)
Financial.
DSDO
Human and
MYWO
Financial.
Religious org.
Probation
28
5. The Elderly and People with Disabilities (PWD)

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE
PARTY
RESOURCES
Social Welfare Programmes put in

place
Conduct awareness barazas on the need for the

communities to cater for their elderly citizens.
Continuous
DDO
Human and
Financial
DSDO
Lobby for the establishment of a comprehensive

welfare fund
Prov. Admin.
Strengthen extended family support systems.

Enhanced Socio-economic support
Lobby for the formulation of friendly policies
Continuous
DSDO
NGOs
Provision of rehabilitative and supportive facilities
Human and
Financial
DDO
Religious Org.
Facilities for the Physically
Challenged established.
Lobby for the formulation of friendly policies

Provision of rehabilitative and supportive facilities
Continuous
DSDO
NGOs
Human and
Financial
DDO
Religious Org.
29
ANNEX II: GENDER PERSPECTIVE

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE PARTY
RESOURCES/
INPUT
Reduced biasness in property

sharing
Sensitize the community on

ownership of property
ST
OP, Maendeleo ya Wanawake,

DSDO
Funds
Equal participation and

representation of both men and
women enhanced
Sensitize women and men at grass

root levels on civic education
Long Term
OP, Maendeleo ya Wanawake,

DSDO
Funds and personnel
Organize training programs on

entrepreneurial skills
Long Term
OP
Funds, Personnel
Lobby for repeal of laws that are

gender sensitive
Long Term
,,
Create awareness on gender

issues
Continuous
Womens Bureau, NGOs, CBOs
Funds, Manpower
Conduct media coverage on

topical issues
Continuous
Funds, Manpower
IEC materials
Continuous
Funds, Manpower
Awareness and understanding of

gender issues improved
Continuous
Maendeleo ya Wanawake,
DSDO
30
ANNEX III: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBILITY
RESOURCES
Develop, IEC and reference materials
Continuous
MOH, NGOs, ROS
Manpower
funds
Create awareness
Continuous
MOH, NGOs,
Manpower
funds
Access and utilization of appropriate RH information

and services for Youth and adolescence increased.
Disseminate, and distribute appropriate and

adequate IEC materials and messages to
youth
Continuous
Provide user friendly RH services
Continuous
Conduct training on youth programmes
Conduct peer education
Advocacy and lobby for youth and

adolescents RH needs and rights
Continuous
Continuous
Continuous
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs, s
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs, Youth, Scouts
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs,
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs,
Manpower
Funds
Funds
Funds
Funds
Funds
31
Unplanned pregnancies among youth reduced.
Disseminate, and distribute appropriate and

adequate IEC materials & messages to youth
Continuous
Provide user friendly RH services
Continuous
Conduct training on youth programmes
Conduct peer education
Acceptance of FP enhanced
Continuous
Continuous
Advocacy and lobby for youth and adolescents

RH needs and rights
Continuous
Sensitize on FP
Continuous
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs,
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs,
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs, Youth Scouts
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs, Youth, Scouts
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, CBOs,

FBOs, Youth, Scouts
Manpower
MOH, FPAK, MYWO
Funds
Funds
Funds
Funds
Funds
Funds
Manpower
Training on customer care
Continuous
MOH, FPAK, MYWO
Funds
Manpower
Male participation in all aspects of RH enhanced
Give guidance and counseling
Continuous
MOH, FPAK, MYWO
Funds,
Manpower
Sensitization and mobilization
Continuous
NGOs, RO, CBOs, MOH
Funds,
Manpower
Develop, disseminate and distribute appropriate

IEC messages and materials
Continuous
NGOs, RO, CBOs, MOH
Funds,
Manpower
32
ANNEX IV: STI/HIV/AIDs

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
IMEFRAME
RESPONSIBLE PARTY
RESOURCES/
INPUT
HIV/AIDS/STI infection
rates reduced
Intensify Community education on STD &

HIV/AIDS infections
Short term
MOH/NACC
Funds, IEC Materials,

Personnel , Logistics
Increase VCT centres
Long term
MoH, NACC
Provide condoms readily
Long term
MOH, NACC
Funds, Logistics
Expand and train home based care providers
Continuous
MOH
Funds
NACC
Logistics
Promote behavior change
Recruit and train youth peer educators
Continuous
MOH,NACC
Conduct campaigns on behaviour change thro

PET/Dramas/role players in the communities
Continuous
DSDO,MOH
Funds
Catholic church
NACC
Establish support and care

for the infected and
affected with HIV/AIDS
Sensitize and update communities on the negative

consequences of HIV/AIDS epidemic in their
areas.
Continuous
Training CORPS to provide home based care.
Short Term
DSDO,MOH, NCC
Funds/logistics
Avail basic medical supplies/facilities
MOH, NACC
Funds
Sensitize the community on HIV/AIDS
DSDO,MOH, NACC
Logistics
DSDO,MOH, NCC
Logistics
.
33
ANNEXES V VIII: MONITORING AND EVALUATION

FRAMEWORK
ANNEX V
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
ANNEX VI
GENDER PERSPECTIVE
ANNEX VII
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
ANNEX VIII
STI/HIV/AIDS
34
ANNEX V: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Integration of Population into Development
OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
OVIS
MOVS
TIME
FRAME
Institutions and their

capacities to integrate
population and environment
issues into development
identified and strengthened at
all levels
Carry out an inventory of

institutions dealing with
population, environment &
development programs
Inventory of
institutions
reports
Short Tem
Conduct needs assessment

on institutions dealing with
population, environment and
development programmes
No. of institutions
involved in needs
assessment
Reports
,,
RESPONSIBLE
PARTY
GOK, NGOs
INPUT
Funds
Rel. groups, CBO
Personnel
GOK, NGOs
Funds
Rel. groups, CBO
Personnel
GOK, NGOs
Funds
Rel. groups, CBO
Personnel
No. of people trained
Training Records
design training packages
that would enhance
capacities of institutions
dealing with integration of
devl at all levels
Number and types of

equipment provided
Reports
,,
35

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
OVIS
MOVS
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE
PARTY
RESOURCES/
INPUT
Reduced use of
wood and fuel
Sensitize the community

on planting of trees.
No. of barazas held
Reports
ST
DFO
Funds
Continuous
Community
Personnel
Teach community on the

use of energy saving jikos
No. of seminars held
MT
Home Economic
Department (Ministry
of Agriculture)
Funds
Establish tree nurseries
No. of trees nurseries

started
ST
DFO
Funds
Continuous
Local Authorities
Personnel
No. of people reached
Reports
No. of participants
attending
Continuous
Reports
Personnel
Community
Increased
Afforestation.
Awareness at
Sensitize and mobilize

community on
afforestation programmes.
No. of sensitization
barazas and meetings held.
Mobilize and promote

CBOs on development of
Tree- Nurseries in the
community.
No. of CBO Tree

nurseries established.
Reinforce legal-actions on
Deforestation.
No. of cases related to

Deforestation in court or
finalized.
Court
Records/police
records.
Continuous
OP
Logistics
Sensitize the community
No. of barazas (seminars)
Baraza
Long term
DECO, DFO, OP, Local
Funds
Reports
Short term
MENR
Funds
Continuous
OP
Logistics
MOA
Records
Short term
Reports
DSDO
Funds
MENR
Logistics
OP
36
community level
about
environmental
conservation
created.
(leaders) through barazas

(seminars) on the need to
conserve the environment
held
(seminar)
report
Enforcement of
existing
environmental laws
enhanced
Sensitize leaders and the

community on existing
environmental laws through
barazas
No. of barazas held
Reports
Short term
DECO, DFO, OP
Personnel
Prosecute those violating

existing environmental laws
No. of people prosecuted
Court summons
Long term
DECO, DFO, OP,

Judiciary
Personnel
Court register
Authority
Personnel
37
3. Youth and Children

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
OVIS
MOVS
TIME
FRAME
RESPONSIBLE
PARTY
INPUTS
Access to Quality Education

Information and Employment
Opportunities for Youth
Enhanced
Establish counseling
centres for youth
No. of centres
established
Records
Long Term
MOHA & Sports,
Finances
Conduct guidance and

counseling sessions for
youth
No. of sessions held
Reports/records
Long Term
Religious
Organizations and
Community
Time/Commitmen
t
Sensitize leaders and

parents on youth issues
Seminar reports
Long Term
MOES&T and
MOH
Time/Commitmen
t
Sensitize Youth on sideeffects of drug abuse
No. of youth counseled
Progress reports
Long Term
DEO and Teachers
Funds/Personnel
Educate and Involve

parents in the
Management of Schools
No. of seminars held/

No. of parents
participating
Seminar reports
Long Term
DEO and Teachers
Time and
Commitment
Reinforce guidance and

counseling programme in
schools
No. of schools
implementing the
programme
School curriculum
Parents, Teachers
No. youth counseled
Parents and
Religious
Organisations
Personnel/
Funds
38
Rights of Children and their

basic needs enhanced
Drug abuse eliminated
MOES&T
Personnel/
Educate Parents on
proper parenthood
No. of meetings held
Provide Free Primary

Education
No. of children enrolled
Subsidize Secondary
Education
Funds available for

subsidy
Records
Lobby for more

bursaries to cater for
needy children
No. of children
supported
School
records/reports
Long Term
Conduct workshops for

the youth on the
dangers of drug abuse
No. of workshops
conducted
Workshop reports
Quarterly
DSDO, CBOs
Advocate for the

formation of youth
clubs
No. of youth clubs

formed
Records of youth
clubs formed
Annually
DSDO, CBOs,
Religious org.
Establish youth friendly

counseling/guidance
centres.
No. of centers
established
Annually
DSDO, CBOs,
Religious org.
Seminar reports
Long Term
Personnel/
No. of meetings held
Records/reports
Childrens Dept.,
Religious
Organizations and
MOH
Sensitize parents on the

need to retain children
in schools especially the
girl child
Long Term
Funds
Funds
School records
Long Term
MOES&T
Personnel/
Funds
Long Term
MOES&T
Personnel/
Funds
MOES&T
Personnel/
Funds
Funds available for

bursaries
Human and
Financial.
Registration
certificates
Records of
established
centers produce
39
Reduced rate of early

marriages
Reduce cases of children

neglect and abuse
Conduct educational
campaigns through
Barazas and seminars on
the disadvantages of
early marriages
No. of seminars and

barazas conducted
Seminar reports
Annually
DSDO, Prov.
Admin. DDO
Enforce law against

juvenile marriages
No. of occasions
enforcement made
Records of policies
enforced
Annually
DSDO, Prov.
Admin. DDO
Advocate for the

enforcement of children
act 2000.
No. advocacy and

mobilization sessions
held.
Reports
Continuous
GOK
Records of issues
raised
NGOs
Hold seminars and

workshops for the
implementers of
children act.
Increase enrolment and

reduce drop-out rates
Carry out the base line

survey to establish the
magnitude of the
problem
Conduct advocacy
campaign through public
barazas & seminars
No. of people trained

No. of workshop and
seminars
No. of baseline surveys

conducted
Financial and
human resources
CBOs
Educate the community

on the children rights.
Human and
Financial.
Reports
Continuous
Records of
training
Reports of
seminars and
workshops
Reports of the
surveys
GOK
NGOs
Short term
GOK
NGOs
Financial and
human resources

No. of barazas
held
Type and quantity of

equipments
Equip the schools
40
Reduce the level of

unemployment
initiate IGAs for the

youth
identify suitable
markets of products
produce by the youth
Improve vocational
training for the youth
so as to secure self
employment.
No. of IGAs initiated

No. of markets
identified
No. of youths trained
Types of trainings
Record of
initiated IGAs
Records of
markets
Records of
trainings
Continuous
GOK
NGOs
Financial and human

resources
CBOs
41
4. Family
OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
OVIS
MOVS
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE
PARTY
RESOURCES/
INPUT
Reduced
incidences in
instability in
marriage
Guide and counsel couples on

family issues
Number of
guidance &
counseling
sessions held
Reports
Continuous
Catholic
Logistics
Sensitize community on family

life education
Number of
sensitization
workshops held
Workshop reports
Guide and counsel
Number of
guidance &
counseling
sessions held
Workshop reports
Sensitize community on
responsible
parenthood(HIV/AIDS, RH, FP)
Number of
sensitization
workshops held
Workshop reports
Identify and organize orphans,

widows, and widowers into
groups for support.
Number of groups
organized
Reports
Mobilize funds and establish

bursary programs
Amount of money
mobilized and
number of bursary
programs started
Reports
Reduced
incidences of
single parenthood
Reduced instances
that cause Orphan
hood, widowhood
Protestants Churches
DSDO
Short Term/
DSDO
Continuous
Catholic, Protestant
Churches
Short Term/
OP
Continuous
Catholic church
Logistics.
Logistics
DSDO
Short Term/
MOH
Logistics
Continuous
DSDO
Funds
Short Term/
DSDO
Logistics
Continuous
Short Term/
Continuous
funds
DSDO
Funds
Logistics
42
Reduced incidents
of wife
inheritance
Reduced
incidences of early
marriages and
pregnancies
Promote and mobilize funds for

widows and caretakers.
Amount of money
mobilized
Reports
Advocate for elimination of

harmful cultural practices.
Number of
advocacy sessions
held
Reports
Continuous
Catholic Church, DSDO
Logistics
Promote, diversify and intensify

morally acceptable norms in the
society.
Number of
promotion
workshops held
Reports
Continuous
DSDO
Logistics.
Provide youth friendly services.
Number of
services provided
Reports
Number of
condoms used
Survey Reports
Promote guidance and counseling

activities
Number of
counseling held
Reports
Develop, Disseminate and

distribute IEC materials on RH
IEC materials on
RH developed and
distributed
Reports
Train peer educators on RH
Number of
training sessions
held
Reports
promote condom use
Short Term/
DSDO
Continuous
Fund
Logistics
Catholic, Protestant
churches
Continuous
MOH
Personnel
funds
Continuous
MOH
Personnel
funds
Short Term/
MOEs
Personnel
Continuous
DSDOs
funds
Short Term/
NCPD
Personnel
Continuous
MOH
funds
Short Term/
DSDO
Personnel
Continuous
MOH
funds
43
5. The Elderly and People with Disabilities

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
OVIS
MOV
TIME
FRAME
RESPONSIBLE
PARTY
INPUTS
Social Welfare
Programmes put in
place
Conduct awareness barazas on the need

for the communities to cater for their
elderly citizens.
No. of barazas
conducted
Quarterly
DDO,
DSDO,
Prov. Admin
Human and
Financial.
Lobby for the establishment of a

comprehensive welfare fund
No. of proposals made
Lists of proposals
Annually
DDO, DSDO,
No. of issues raised
No. of proposals
approved
Prov. Admin
Strengthen extended family support

systems
Enhanced Socioeconomic support
Lobby for the formulation of friendly

policies
No. of proposals
approved
Annually
Lists of proposals
Facilities for the

Physically Challenged
established.
Provision of rehabilitative and supportive

facilities
No. of rehabilitative
centres started
Reports
Lobby for the formulation of friendly

policies
No. of proposals
approved
Lists of proposals
DSDO, DDO,
NGOs
Human and
Financial.
Religious leaders
Annually
DSDO, DDO,
NGOs
Human and
Financial.
Religious leaders
Provision of rehabilitative and supportive

facilities
44
ANNEX VI: GENDER PERSPECTIVE

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
OVIS
MOV
TIME
FRAME
RESPONSIBLE
PARTY
RESOURCE
S
Gender equity
enhance
Lobby for the repealing of laws that

discriminate against women.
Records of
proposals/ Copies of
letters written
Annually
DSDO, DEO, DDO
Human and
Financial.
Organize seminars on gender issues
No. of seminars
organized
Reports, Lists of
participants
Quarterly
DDO, DSDO, DEO
Hold seminars to educate

communities on the right for each
gender to participate in development
Reports on seminars
Quarterly
DDO, DSDO, DEO
Train both men and women on the

dangers of domestic violence
No. of trainings held
Quarterly
DDO, DSDO,
MYWO
Lobby for the strict enforcement of

law against domestic violence
Annually
DDO, DSDO
Conduct barazas to encourage

women to form IGAs
No. of barazas held
Records of IGAs
formed
Quarterly
DSDO, DDO,
Religious leaders
Conduct barazas to encourage both

men and women on the need to
participate in development initiatives
No. of barazas
conducted
No. of issues raised

in barazas
Quarterly
DSDO, CBO,
NGOs
Domestic violence
eliminated
Women participation
in development
programmes
enhanced.
Lists of participants
Reports on trainings
Reports made
Human and
Financial.
Prov. Admin.
No. of proposals
made/copies of
letters written
Human and
Financial.
45
ANNEX VII: REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
OVIS
MOV
TIME
FRAME
RESPONSIB
LE PARTY
RESOURCES
Increased accessibility of
reproductive health
services
Lobby for the establishment of

more facilities
No. of proposals
written/made
Records of proposals
written
Annually
DDO, DSDO,
MYWO,
DMOH
Human and
Financial.
Cost in reproductive health

services reduced.
Lobby for the subsidization of

reproductive health services.
Copies of letters
written
Annually
Religious
leaders,
DMOH
Human and
Financial.
Information on
reproductive health
increased.
Produce and disseminate IEC

information on reproductive
health
No. of dissemination
sessions made
Reports on seminars
Quarterly
DMOH, CBOs,
Religious
leaders
Human and
Financial.
Conduct seminars on reproductive

health.
No. of IEC materials

produced
Training records
inventory and
records
Continuous
MOH, NGOs,
FBOs
Personnel
Service delivery
records
Continuous
Seminar reports
No. of seminars on RH
held
Enhanced skills of
reproductive health
providers
Train service providers in RH

services
Enhance access and

utilization of RH services
Provide user friendly services

integrated with other health
services
No. of providers with

basic training
No. of health facilities

offering integrated
affordable and quality
RH service
Service delivery
records
FPAK,
Community
MOH, NGOs,
FBOs
FPAK,
Community
Funds
Logistics
Personnel
Funds
Logistics
46
Increased male
participation in FP
Counsel males to participate in FP
No. of community
based RH outlets
Health facility
records
No. of males taking up

FP methods
FP records
Continuous
MOH, NGOs,
FBOs
FPAK,
Community
Personnel
Funds
Logistics
47
ANNEX VIII: STI/HIV/AIDs

OUTPUT
ACTIVITIES
OVIS
MOVS
TIME FRAME
RESPONSIBLE PARTY
INPUTS
HIV/AIDS/STI
infection rates
reduced
Intensify
Community
education on STD &
HIV/AIDS
infections
No. of seminars
held
Reports
Short term
MOH/NACC
Funds
Increase VCT
centres
No of VCTs
Reports
Long term
MOH, NACC
Provide condoms
readily
Pkts supplied
Reports
Long term
MOH,
Funds
NACC
Logistics
Expand and train

home based care
providers
No of Home based
care trained
Reports
MOH
Funds
NACC
Logistics
Recruit and train

youth peer
educators
No recruited and
trained
Reports
MOH
Create awareness
and sensitize the
public on
STI/HIV/AIDS
scourge
No of trainings
held
Training records
from MOH
Positive behavioural
change towards the
scourge encouraged
IEC Materials
Personnel
Logistics
Continuous
Continuous
NACC
S/T, Continuous
MOH,DIO,MOH,DEO.OP
Logistics and
Personnel
No of people
trained
48
Establish support
care centres for
the affected and
infected by
STI/HIV/AIDs.
Reports
Short Term,
Continuous
MOH,DIO,MOH,DEO.OP
Logistics and
Personnel
No of IEC
materials
distributed
Inventory
Short Term,
Continuous
MOH,DIO,MOH,DEO.OP
Logistics and
Personnel
Train the health

care providers on
home based care
services
No of care
providers trained
Records from
MOH& DSDO
Short Term,
Continuous
MOH, Churches and OP.
Personnel and
Logistics
Provide basic
medical/facilities/su
pplies
No and type of
supplies provided
Inventory from
MOH
Short Term,
Continuous
Personnel and
Logistics
Mobilize community
resources to
address HIV/AIDS
pandemic
Amount of
resources
mobilized
Reports
Short Term,
Continuous
Personnel and
Logistics
Promote peer
education
programmes
No of peer groups
trained
Develop & produce

IEC materials
No of programmes
started
Inventory from
MOH
49
Production of this Strategic Plan was made possible with financial support
from United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) through the 5th and 6th
Countrys Programme of Assistance

Macha Kos

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REPUBLIC OF KENYA

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL POPULATION

National Coordinating Agency for Population

MACHAKOS District Strategic Plan 2005-2010 for Implementation of the National

Review, Editing and

National Coordination Agency for Population and Development

Robinson Kahuthu, Thomas Muchoki, Catherine Nyaga

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ........................................................................................ 16

Main Issues/Problems ................................................................................................... 16

GENDER PERSPECTIVES IN DEVELOPMENT..................................................... 14

Main Issues/Problems .................................................................................................. 14

POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................... 10

Main Issues/Problems ................................................................................................... 10

DISTRICT PROFILE ...................................................................................................... 3

Demographic and Population Profile............................................................................. 5

Justification of the District-specific Strategic Plan. ...................................................... 1

Main Issues/Problems ................................................................................................... 18

MONITORING AND EVALUATION ....................................................................... 20

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF ACTION .......................................................... 22

ANNEX 1: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT.................................................................... 23

ANNEX V: POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................................... 35

Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome

MACHAKOS DISTRICT STRATEGIC PLAN 2005-2010

The National Population Policy for Sustainable Development (NPPSD) was

Justification of the District-specific Strategic Plan.

In order to implement the NPPSD, it was found necessary to develop the

Each district has peculiar problems and hence

mechanisms to address these identified problems and needs should be different.

Implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable Development

Organization of the District Strategic Plan

Machakos District Strategic Plan 2005-2010

Implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable Development

CHAPTER 2: DISTRICT PROFILE

Source: District Survey Office, Machakos, 2001

Machakos Municipal Council covers Central Division while Mavoko Municipal

Implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable Development

the area, had the

Machakos District Strategic Plan 2005-2010

Implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable Development

Demographic and Population Profile

Female/Male Sex Ratio

Number of Youthful Population (15 25) years

Primary school population (6 13) years

Secondary School Population (14 17) years

Labour Force (15 64) years

Population Growth Rate

Rural Population at start of Plan Period 2002

Urban Population at start of Plan Period 2002

Source: Districts Statistics Office, Machakos, 2001

Machakos District Strategic Plan 2005-2010

Implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable Development

The districts population stood at 906,644 according to the 1999 Population

Machakos District Strategic Plan 2005-2010

Implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable Development

221,403males and 244,029 females. This number is projected to increase to

Machakos District Strategic Plan 2005-2010

Implementation of the National Population Policy for Sustainable Development

Average Households size

Number of female headed households

Number of disabled groups

Children needing special protection

Absolute Poverty (Rural & Urban)

Income from Agriculture