Objektif Pembelajaran

Introduction:
What is tourism?
Visitor vs Tourist
Trends in Tourism

Impacts of tourism
Sustainable development

Tourism Industry

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS TOURISM?

What is tourism?

Travels
&
Travelers

Definition: Tourism
The practice of traveling for recreation
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2008

The activities of persons traveling to

and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure and other
purposes.
United Nation World Tourism Organization (1991)

Definition: Tourism
Tourism is the temporary movement of people
to destinations outside their normal places of
work and residence, the activities undertaken
during their stay in those destinations, and the
facilities created to cater their need.
Mathieson & Wall (1982)

Tourism is defined as the processes, activities

and outcomes arising from the relationships
and interacting tourists, tourism suppliers, host
govts, host communities and surrounding envt
that are involved in the attracting and hosting of
visitors.
MacIntosh & Goeldner (1995)
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Tourism as comprising 3 basic

elements
1. A dynamic element involves travel to
selected destination
2. A static element involves a stay at the
destination
3. A consequential element result from
the above two concerned with the
effect on economic, social and physical
with which the tourist is directly or
indirectly in contact

Tourism vs Travel
Tourism or travel is either used singly
or in combinations to describe the types of
concepts:
A. The movement of people
B. A sector of the economy or an industry
C. A broad system of interacting relationships of
people, their needs to travel outside their
communities, and services which respond to
these needs,

Tourism vs Travel
3 criteria used to characterize a trip as
belonging to tourism:
It involves a displacement outside the usual
environment
The type of purpose: the travel must occur for any
purpose different from being remunerated from within
the place visited: the previous limits, where tourism was
restricted to recreation (pleasure) and visiting family and
friend are now expanded to include vast array of
purposes
Duration: only a maximum duration is mentioned, not
minimal. Tourism displacement can be with or without
an overnight stay.
8

International visitors?
A international visitors are defined as any persons
who visiting a country other than that in which they
have their usual place of residence for not
exceeding 12 months (1 year) and whose main
purpose of visit is other than following an
occupation remunerated from within the country
visited. Sub-divided into:1.

International tourists are international visitors staying

at least 24 hours in the country visited & the purpose of
trips be classified under:
a.
b.

Pleasure, recreation, holiday, sport

Business, visiting friends & relatives, mission, meeting,
conference, health, studies, religion

2. International excursionists are international visitors

staying less than 24 hours in the country visited,
9

Domestic Visitors?
Domestic visitors are any persons, regardless of
nationality, resident of a country & who travel to a
place within the same country, for not more than
1 year & who purpose is other than following an
occupation remunerated from within the place
visited. Sub-divided to:1. Domestic tourists are domestic visitors staying at least
24 hrs, but not more than a year, in the place visited &
the purpose of whose trip can be classified:a. Pleasure, recreation, holiday, sport
b. Business, visiting friends & relatives, mission, meeting,
conference, health, studies, religion

2. Domestic excursionists are domestic visitors staying

less than 24 hrs in the place visited

10

Tourists
The WTO defines:
Tourists as people traveling to and stay in
places outside their usual environment for not
more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business and other purpose.

Classification of tourists:
International vs domestic tourists
Inbound & outbound tourists

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SHOPPING
ENJOY
NATURAL BEAUTY

RELAX, ESCAPE
FROM STRESS

LEISURE &
RECREATION

VISIT FRIENDS
& FAMILY

LEARN ABOUT
FLORA & FAUNA

TOURISM
PURPOSE

EXPERIENCE
ADVENTURE

LEARN ABOUT
SOCIO-CULTURE

VISIT
HISTORICAL
ATTRACTIONS
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Purposes of Travel

Business

Primary activities

Conventions
Consultations
Inspection

Secondary activities

Dining out
Recreation
Shopping
Sight seeing
VFR

13

Purposes of Travel
Visiting Friends or Relatives
Primary activities
Socialising
Dining in
Home entertainment

Secondary activities

Dining out
Physical recreation
Shopping
Sight-seeing
Urban entertainment

14

Purposes of Travel
Other personal business
Primary activities
Shopping
Religious visit
Medical appointment

Secondary activities
Dining out
VFR

15

Purposes of Travel
Pleasures
Primary activities
Recreation
Sight-seeing
Dining out

Secondary activities

VFR
Convention
Business
Shopping

16

DIMENSIONS OF TOURISM

ATTRACTIONS

Natural Resources
Culture
Ethnicity
Entertainment
X-treme Tourism

FACILITIES

Lodging
Food & Beverage
Support Services
Infrastructure

Transportation
Time and Money
Hospitality

Hospitality
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Component of the tourism sector

The component of tourism including:

a. The Tourist
b. The Host
c. Natural resources and environment
d. The Built Environment
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Cultural
Infrastructure
Technology
Information
Governance

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Component of the tourism sector

e. Operating sectors of the Tourism industry
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Transportation
Accommodation
Food services
The attraction
The events
Adventure and Outdoor recreation
The entertainment
Tour operator
Travel agent

19

Travel Attractions/Destinations

20

ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR TOURISM

Time
Money
Mobility
Motivation

21

TRENDS IN TOURISM

22

Trends in Tourism
Global 2020
Arrivals: 1,560 Billion
Receipts: ~$2,000 Billion
Grown from 565M arrivals in 1995 to
843M in 2006, and forecast to rise to
1.6B by 2020 (Source: UNWTO)
Long-term growth forecast of 4.2% per
year to 2020
Source: UNWTO

Rapidly Growing Asia Pacific Tourism

From 79M in 1995, has grown to
167M in 2006; Forecast of 397M by
2020. (Source: UNWTO)
Global share has risen from 15% in
1995 to 19% in 2006, and expected to
capture 25% by 2020
7.3% annual growth rate projected to
year 2020; Increase in intra-regional
traffic

Strong Growth Prospects for ASEAN

From 29.7 M in 1995, has grown to 52M
in 2006; Forecast of 136M by 2020.
(Source: UNWTO)
Global share has risen from 5.26% in
1995 to 6.17% in 2005, and expected to
capture 9%by 2020
7.7% annual growth rate projected to
year 2020; Increase in intra-regional traffic

23

International visitor arrivals trends to

March 2010 Southeast Asia
30%
25%

IVA year-on-year % change

20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
-5%
-10%
-15%

Mar-10

Jan-10

Nov-09

Sep-09

Jul-09

May-09

Mar-09

Jan-09

Nov-08

Sep-08

Jul-08

May-08

Mar-08

Jan-08

-20%

Source: PATA

24

ASEAN tourism trends 1993-2009

Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand & Vietnam

Source: relevant NTOs, compiled by PATA

25

ASEAN tourism trends 2004-2012F

Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore &Thailand

Source: relevant NTOs, compiled by PATA

26

Growth of Tourism???

Please Discuss Factors that

influence growth of tourism?

27

ECONOMIC/
WEALTH
GROWTH

LEISURE

ACCESSIBILITY

TECHNOLOGY
SALES &
MARKETING

TOURISM
DEMAND

DESTINATIONS/
ATTRACTIONS

SAFETY &
SECURITY
LEISURE
LIFE
STYLES

COMPETITION

LEVEL OF
EDUCATION

GOVT
POLICIES

28

1: Accessibility

Improved Aviation & Land access

29

60%

30

Increasing Connectivity & Low Cost

Carriers

31

Alternate Gateway Hubs Emerging

Kunming
Hong Kong

Manila

Bangkok

Phuket

HCMC
KLIA
Singapore

32

Low Cost Carriers

33

Worlds Biggest & Best

Low Cost Carrier Airport

34

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2: Competiveness

36

PRICING

20% - 70%
37

PRODUCT

38

3: Technology

39

4: Sales &
Marketing

40

Niche Market Opportunities

Under Water Weddings

GAP Year
41

SPA

Experiential

Medical
Shopping
42

43

5: Lifestyles
Leisure lifestyles as norm

Thailand Long Stay

44

6: Economic/Wealth Growth
Increasing middle class
due globalization

45

7: Supply of
Attractions/Destinations

Hong Kong

MACAU

Opening of more
Destinations/attractions
46

47

48

Singapore Integrated Resorts

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8: Policies
Travel Friendly Policies
Laws on Immigration relaxing

regulations requiring visa entry and/or

passport
Open air space policies
ASEAN Open Skies Roadmap

(Capital cities in 2008; secondary cities in

2015)
BIMP-EAGA 5th Freedom Traffic Rights
Agreement
- Increasing Intra Regional Travel in the
ASEAN Region

50

9: Safety/security

51

10. Leisure Growth

52

11: Safety & Security

53

Thank you

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