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The properties of the 6 trigonometric functions: sin (x), cos (x), tan(x), cot (x), sec (x) and csc (x) are discussed.
These include the graph, domain, range, asymptotes (if any), symmetry, x and y intercepts and maximum and
minimum points.
Sine Function : f(x) = sin (x)
Graph
Range: [-1 , 1]
Period = 2pi
y intercepts: y = 0
symmetry: since sin(-x) = - sin (x) then sin (x) is an odd function and its graph is
symmetric with respect to the origin (0 , 0).
intervals of increase/decrease: over one period and from 0 to 2pi, sin (x) is
increasing on the intervals (0 , pi/2) and (3pi/2 , 2pi), and decreasing on the interval (pi/2 , 3pi/2).
Graph
Range: [-1 , 1]
Period = 2pi
y intercepts: y = 1
symmetry: since cos(-x) = cos (x) then cos (x) is an even function and its graph
is symmetric with respect to the y axis.
intervals of increase/decrease: over one period and from 0 to 2pi, cos (x) is
decreasing on (0 , pi) increasing on (pi , 2pi).
Graph
Period = pi
y intercepts: y = 0
symmetry: since tan(-x) = - tan(x) then tan (x) is an odd function and its graph is
symmetric with respect the origin.
intervals of increase/decrease: over one period and from -pi/2 to pi/2, tan (x)
is increasing.
Graph
Period = pi
symmetry: since cot(-x) = - cot(x) then cot (x) is an odd function and its graph is
symmetric with respect the origin.
intervals of increase/decrease: over one period and from 0 to pi, cot (x) is
decreasing.
Graph
Period = 2 pi
y intercepts: y = 1
symmetry: since sec(-x) = sec (x) then sec (x) is an even function and its graph
intervals of increase/decrease: over one period and from 0 to 2 pi, sec (x) is
increasing on (0 , pi/2) U (pi/2 , pi) and decreasing on (pi , 3pi/2) U (3pi/2 , 2pi).
Graph
Period = 2pi
symmetry: since csc(-x) = - csc(x) then csc (x) is an odd function and its graph
is symmetric with respect the origin.
intervals of increase/decrease: over one period and from 0 to 2pi, csc (x) is
decreasing on (0 , pi/2) U (3pi/2 , 2pi) and increasing on (pi/2 , pi) U (pi / 3pi/2).
Domain:
Range: [1, 1] or
y -intercept: (0, 1)
x -intercept:
, where n is an integer.
Period:
Continuity: continuous on
Symmetry: y -axis (even function)
The maximum value of y = cos x occurs when
The minimum value of y = cos x occurs when
, where n is an integer.
, where n is an integer.
Period =
Example :
Sketch the graphs of y = cos x and y = 2 cos x . Compare the graphs.
For the function y = 2 cos x , the graph has an amplitude 2. Since b = 1, the graph has a period of
cycles once from 0 to
. Thus, it
Observe the graphs of y = cos x and y = 2 cos x . Each has the same x -intercepts, but y = 2 cos x has an amplitude
that is twice the amplitude of y = cos x .