Terms

Anarchy: No higher authority/ does not mean an absence of rules, only of

enforcement.
Bounded Rationality: Rationality is great, but we're not smart enough to do it
Bourgeoisie: The upper and middle classes. The Owners.
Chain gang: When one state in a multipolar system falls or goes to war, they all
do.
Buck passing: The problem is passed on to the next person, e.g. nobody wanted
to deal with Hitler
Cognitive Dissonance: We can't stand inconsistencies. We change our beliefs, not
our actions.
Complex interdependence:
Diplomacy: direct official communication between representatives of
international actors
Diversionary theory: Using rally-round-the-flag to divert attention away from
domestic problems
Free rider problem: Nobody wants to help provide the goods
Groupthink: Information gets ignored, people who disagree get pressured to
agree, subordinates do not question leaders
Solutions for Groupthink problems: Rotate membership, devil's advocate,
secret ballot
Hegemonic stability theory: Having a hegemonic state will provide stability and
prosperity
Hegemon: The dominant state. Hegemonic position is cyclic. NOT the same as an
empire since there is still international anarchy.
IGO: Inter-governmental organization, States not people join, UN NATO EU.
Innate Drives: Looks at human kind as a group, such as the idea that humans are
innately aggressive and natural selection slowly removes peaceful people.
International Relations
Iron triangle: policy-making relationship among the congressional committees,
the bureaucracy, and interest groups. This locks everyone else up, thus iron.
Military Industrial Complex: The aggregate of a nation's armed forces and the
industries that supply their equipment, materials, and armaments.
Military Force: organized violence to achieve your goals
MNC: Multinational corporation, businesses that transcend one state, GM,
Walmart.
Nation: Share an identity; exhibit a perceived ethnicity, linguistic cohesion.
Cultural over geographic or political.
Nation-state: Synonymous with state but with the added fact that the people
identify as a culture or nation

NGO: Nongovernmental organizations-- international group, people not states,

Doctors Without Borders, International Red Cross, Greenpeace.
OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a
permanent, intergovernmental Organization, created at the Baghdad Conference
on September 1014, 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.
Paradigm: Tells you what is important in the world; world view
Politics: using power to get people to do things they would not otherwise do (the
study of power)
Proletariat: The Workers
Proximate Causes: A proximate cause is the immediate cause that resulted in the
observed reaction.
Rallying round the flag: Phenomenon where by large segments of the public
express support for the President's policies in any crisis situation, regardless of the
substance of the policies
Rational Actors (Rational Choice): States have a goal, look at all the ways to
reach the goal, choose the one that gives most and costs least
Sanctions: Deliberate gov't action to inflict economic deprivation by limitation or
cessation. Stop trading with another state to harm them until they do what you
want
Satisficing: Picking the first option thats good enough.
Sovereignty: sole legitimate right to use violence within a given geographic areano higher power acknowledged.
State: Four elements are sovereignty, population, territory, and government.
Strategic Culture: a state or non-state actors shared beliefs and modes of
behavior, derived from common experiences and narratives, which shape ends
and means for achieving national security objectives. These beliefs and modes of
behavior give strategic culture its core characteristics and constitute the
framework through which capabilities are organized and employed. Strategic
culture can resist changing even as the security environment undergoes systemic
change. This results in an actors reliance on preferred means and methods even
when they are ill-suited for this changing context.
Theory: A collection of assumptions, laws, and empirical evidence used to
explain a phenomenon.
Four things that make a good theory: 1. Central tendencies (being right on
average, not with every detail) 2. Progressive (leads to new questions) 3.
Parsimonious 4. Clear (clear relationships between variables and events)
Treaty of Westphalia: Four outcomes: 1. Established the idea of sovereignty. 2.
All states legally equal. 3. Binding international treaty. 4. Nonintervention.
Unitary Actor: Assumption that states are unified bodies, States speaking with
one voice.
Zero sum competition: Anything I gain, someone else loses.

A dyadic pair (Two democracies) will not go to war with each other. Democratic Peace.
Theoretically weak.

**Difference between dyadic and state.

Concepts
Bureaucratic Politics: inside the government, there are political battles going on;
whoever wins the internal political battle decides what the policy of the state will
be.
Diplomacy: Shuttle and Linkage.
Shuttle: Message delivering between groups that won't talk to each other through
a mediator country, usually a hegemon.
Linkage: Negotiating issues together using something one is strong on and
something one is weak on. Making something conditional on the behavior. Ex:
Iran and the sanctions against its development of nuclear weapons.
Groupthink: Everyone in the group takes the same view and shuns anyone who
thinks differently. The group makes worse decisions than the individual.
Identities
International Politics
Organizational Process Model: Satisfice instead of optimize- first best option
Public Opinion: Range of views on foreign policy issues held by the citizens of a
state, Five types: fundamental, short-term, elite, activists, mass public, two way
relation because government is influenced by and influences public opinion.
Realism
Liberalism
Marxism
Constructivism: When behavior changes, they think the identity changed. Dont
really predict anything.
Feminism: States interaction in gender and identity. Ex. Masculine people will
wage war more often. Dont really predict anything.
States: Government, people, territory, sovereign
The Levels of Analysis: Domestic, State, Dyadic, Systemic

There will also be questions covering current events, mainly drawn from your work in
section. These questions take two forms: 1) factual information on events and 2) asking
you to use material from class to form explanations (theories) as to why an event
occurred.
Read the new stories. Whos involved and whats going on.
Three Purposes of identity:
1. Tells you who you are.
2. Tells others who you are.

3. Tells you who others are.