PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.

PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

EXPERIMENT NO.1
AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE 10 GM LIP CARE OINTMENT
REFERENCE : NANDA SANJU AND NANDA ARUN ,COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY ,B irla

publication pvt.ltd edition 2009-2010, pp-330

REQUIREMENTS: Beaker,Glass rod,lipstic mould,measuring cylinder,.
CHEMICALS REQUIREMENT:
s.no.
1
2
3.

CHEMICALS
Liquid Paraffin
Hard Paraffin
Dye

Quantity
7ml
3gm
1ml

PROCEDURE.
1. Hard Paraffin was melted in a beaker and then it was mixed with liquid paraffin at same
temperature.
2. The colour was incorporated into the above mixture.
3. The blend was put into the lipstick mould using greased mould.
EVALUATION TEST
1. Colour:

2. Melting Point( Droop point test ) : Determination of melting point is important as it is

an indication of the limit of safe storage. The melting point of formulated lipstick was
determined by capillary tube method the capillary was filled, keep in the capillary
apparatus and firstly observed the product was slowly-slowly milted. After sometimes
was observed the product was completely melted. The above procedure was done in 3
times and the melting point ratio was observed in different-different formulation.
3. Breaking Point: Breaking point is done to determine the strength of lipstick. The
lipstick is held horizontally in a socket inch away from the edge of support. The
weight is gradually increased by a specific value (10 gm) at specific interval of 30
second and weight at which breaks is considered as the breaking point.
4. Thixotrophy Character: It is indication of thixotropic quality and is done by using
penetrometer. A standard needle of specific diameter is allowed to penetrate for 5
seconds under a 50 gm load at 25oC. The depth of penetration is a measurement of
the thixotropic structure of lipstick.

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5. Force of application: It is test for comparative measurement of the force to be
applied for application. A piece of coarse brown paper can be kept on a shadow graph
balance and lipstick can be applied at 45o angle to cover a 1 sq. inch area until fully
covered. The pressure reading is an indication of force of application.
6. Surface anomalies: This is studied by the surface defects, such as no formation
crystals on surfaces, no contamination by moulds, fungi etc.
7. Aging stability: The product was stored in 40o C at 1 hrs. Various parameters such as
bleeding, crystallization of on surface and ease of application were observed.
8. Solubility test: The formulation herbal lipstick was dissolved in various solvents to
observe the solubility.
9. PH parameter: The pH of formulated herbal lipstick was determined using pH meter.
10. Skin irritation test: It is carried out by applying product on the skin for 10 min.
11. Perfume stability: The formulation herbal lipstick was tested after 30 days, to record
the fragrance.
Uses.
1.. Lipstick is used for enhancement of facial make-up.
2.. It is used for protection of lips from effects of cold, dry weather,U.V light and wind.

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PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

EXPERIMENT NO.2
AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE 10GM LIP SALVE(BALM)
REFERENCE : Neema Rajesh Kumar, Rathore Kamal Singh, Text Book of CosmeticsCBS
publishers and Distributers edition Ist , pp-77
REQUIREMENTS: Beaker,Glass rod,lipstic mould,measuring cylinder,.
CHEMICALS REQUIREMENT:
s.no.
1
2
3.
4.
5.

CHEMICALS
Castor oil
Paraffin Wax
Bees Wax
Preservative
Colourant

Quantity
40ml
20gm
20gm
q.s
q.s

PROCEDURE.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Melted the weighed amount of Paraffin wax and beeswax in the beaker at about 60 oC.
Heated the castor oil in another beaker on water bath.
Mixed the above contents with continous stirring.
To this, added quantity sufficient amount of preservative and colourant.

EVALUATION TEST(As same as above experiment)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Colour:
Melting Point( Droop point test ) :
Breaking Point:
Thixotrophy Character:
Ageing Stability:
Perfume Stability:
Oxidative Stability:
Surface Anomalies(Smoothness)
Uses.

1.. Lipstick is used for enhancement of facial make-up.

2.. It is used for protection of lips from effects of cold, dry weather,U.V light and wind.

EXPERIMENT NO.3
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PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE TOOTH POWDER
REFERENCE : NANDA SANJU AND NANDA ARUN ,COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY ,B irla
publication pvt.ltd edition 2009-2010, pp-438
REQUIREMENTS: Beaker, Glass rod, measuring cylinder, mortar pestle.
CHEMICALS REQUIREMENT:
s.no.
1
2
3.

CHEMICALS
Magnesium Sterate
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
Sodium Sacchrin

STD.
Quantity
94.5 gm
0.5 gm
3gm

PROCEDURE.
1.Took the required quantity of Magnesium Sterate in the mortar pestle.
2. Add the Sodium lauryl sulphate into the above Magnesium Sterate powder.
3. Then add sodium saccharin it.
EVALUATION TEST

1. 1Colour:
2. Odour:
3. Abrasiveness Various tests have been designed and reported over the year, mostly on the
set of extracted teeth. The teeth were mechanically brushed with pastes or powders and
then the effects were studied by observation, mechanical or other means. Abrasive
character normally depended on the particle size. So, study of particle size can also give
such idea.
4. Particle size This can be determined by microscopic study of the particles or by sieving
or other means.
5. Cleansing property This is studied by measuring the change in the reflectance character
of a lacquer coating on the polyester film caused by brushing with a tooth cleanser (paste
or powder). Also an in vivo test has been suggested in which teeth were brushed for two
weeks and condition of teeth was assessed before and after use with the help of photo
graphs.
6. Consistency It is important that the product , paste, should maintain the consistency to
enable the product press out from the container. Study of viscosity is essential for this.
Rheology of powders is also important for proper flow of the powder from the container.
7. pH of the product pH of the dispersion of 10 % of the product in water is determined by
PH meter.
8. Foaming character This test is specially required for foam forming tooth pastes or tooth
powders. Specific amount of product can be mixed with specific amount of water and to
be shaken. The foam thus formed is studied for its nature, stability, washability.

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9. Limit test for arsenic and lead This is very important as these are highly toxic metals.
Specific tests are there to estimate these two metals; products may not have excess of
such metals.
10. Volatile matters and moisture A specific amount of the product required to be taken in a
dish and drying is to be done till constant weight. Loss of weight will indicate percentage
of moisture and volatile matters.
11. Effect of special ingredients Special test should be done for the special ingredients if
any, like antiseptics, enzymes, etc. for each one special and specific test are to be done.
Category: Dentrifricing Agent
Uses. To clean the teeth
2.Reduction of bad odour.
3. Reduction of tooth decay
4. It makes the gum healthy.

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PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

EXPERIMENT NO.4
AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE TOOTH PASTE
REFERENCE : NANDA SANJU AND NANDA ARUN ,COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY ,B irla
publication pvt.ltd edition 2009-2010, ppREQUIREMENTS: Beaker, Glass rod, measuring cylinder, mortar pestle
CHEMICALS REQUIREMENT:
s.no.
1
2
3.
4.
5.

CHEMICALS
Magnesium Sterate
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
Sodium Sacchrin
Glycerine
Tragacanth

STD.
Quantity
39.5 gm
6.3gm
0.1gm
2o ml
0.5 gm

PROCEDURE.
1. Took the required quantity of tragacanth and glycerin and mixed them.
2. Added the Sodium lauryl sulphate and Magnesium Sterate in the above mixture .
3. After then added sodium saccharin to the above to make the paste.
EVALUATION TEST(As same as above experiment)
1.Colour:
2. Odour:
3. Abbrasiveness:
4. Cleansing Action:
5. Particle size:
6. Foaming Character:
7. Consistency:
8. PH of Product
Category: Dentrifricing Agent
Uses. To clean the teeth
2.Reduction of bad odour.
3. Reduction of tooth decay
4. It makes the gum healthy.

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EXPERIMENT NO.5
AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE 10gm COLD CREAM
REFERENCE : NANDA SANJU AND NANDA ARUN ,COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY ,B irla
publication pvt.ltd edition 2009-2010, pp-260
REQUIREMENTS: Analytical Balance, Beaker, Glass rod, measuring cylinder, water bath.
CHEMICALS REQUIREMENT:
s.no.
1
2
3.
4.

CHEMICALS
White Bees Wax
Light Mineral Oil
Borax
Water

STD.
Quantity
20%
50%
28.8%
0.12%

PROCEDURE.
1.Melted the bees wax in water bath (to about 70oC)
2. Added the light mineral oil to it .
3. In another beaker, heated water to about 70oC and dissolve borax in it.
4. Mixed the aqueous phase to oily phase with stirring till a creamy emulsion was prepared.
EVALUATION TEST
1.Colour:
2. Odour:
3. Abbrasiveness:
4.Spreadibility:
5. Rheology:
6. Sensitivity:
7. Biological testing:
Category: Skin Cream
Use.
It is used in winters and applied over the dry areas on the skin.

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EXPERIMENT NO.6
AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE 10gm VANISHING CREAM
REFERENCE : NANDA SANJU AND NANDA ARUN ,COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY ,B irla
publication pvt.ltd edition 2009-2010, pp-260
REQUIREMENTS: Analytical Balance, Beaker, Glass rod, measuring cylinder, water bath.
CHEMICALS REQUIREMENT:
s.no.
1
2
3.
4.

CHEMICALS
Stearic acid
Potassium hydroxide
Water
Glycerine

STD.
Quantity
24%
01%
64.0%
10.5%

PROCEDURE.
1.Melted the stearic acid in water bath (to about 70 oC)
2. Dissolve the Potassium hydroxide in water added glycerine and heated about 70 oC
3.Slowly added to the melted stearic acid and constant stirring.
4.Added perfume at about 40 oC.
EVALUATION TEST
1.Colour:
2. Odour:
3. Abbrasiveness:
4.Spreadibility:
5. Rheology:
6. Sensitivity:
7. Biological testing:
Category: Skin Cream
Use.
It is used to adhere the cosmetic products such as facial powders.
.

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PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

EXPERIMENT NO.7
AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE 10gm BEARED SOFTENING CREAM
REFERENCE : NANDA SANJU AND NANDA ARUN ,COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY ,B irla
publication pvt.ltd edition 2009-2010, pp-418-421
REQUIREMENTS: Analytical Balance, Beaker, Glass rod, measuring cylinder, Hot Plate.
CHEMICALS REQUIREMENT:
s.no.
1
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

CHEMICALS
Stearic acid
Cetyl Alchol
Triethanol amine
Glycerine
Borax
Tween 20
Water

STD.
Quantity
20%
4.5%
0.80%
10.0%
0.85%
3.0%
60%

PROCEDURE.
1.( Melted the stearic acid in water bath (to about 70 oC) and cetyl alcohl at 60 oC. A)
2. In Another Beaker, Haet triethanol amine, borax and water(q.s) and glycerine at the maintained
temperature of 60 oC. (B)
3.Now mixed the contents of both beaker (A)&(B) with continous stirring at 40 oC. until proper
mixture is obtained and finally added tween 20 to the above preparartion.
4.Allow the preparation to cool and become viscous .
EVALUATION TEST
1.Colour:
2. Odour:
3. Spreadibility:
4. Viscosity:
5. Drying Time:
6. Foam test:
Category: Shaving Cream
Use.
It is used to soften the beared before the shaving is carrie4d out to allow the removal of beared (hair) by
razor easily. .

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EXPERIMENT NO.8
AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE 10gm ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOO.
REFERENCE : NANDA SANJU AND NANDA ARUN ,COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY ,B irla
publication pvt.ltd edition 2009-2010, pp-354
REQUIREMENTS: Analytical Balance, Beaker, Glass rod, measuring cylinder ,mortar pestle,
spatula.
CHEMICALS REQUIREMENT:
s.no.
1
2
3

CHEMICALS
Cetrimide
Cetyl Alchol
Water(q.s)

STD.
Quantity
15gm
12gm
100ml

PROCEDURE.
1. Triturated cetrimide and cetyl alcohl in pestle mortar.
2. Added water to make sufficient volume.
EVALUATION TEST
1. Spreadibility:
2. Viscosity:
3. Foam test:( Cylinder shake test)
4. Detergent and action:
5. Eye irritation
Category: Anti-dandruff shampoo
Use.
Cleansing the hair.

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PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

EXPERIMENT NO.9
AIM. TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE 10gm CREAM SHAMPOO.
REFERENCE : NANDA SANJU AND NANDA ARUN ,COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY ,B irla
publication pvt.ltd edition 2009-2010, pp-354
REQUIREMENTS: Analytical Balance, Beaker, Glass rod, measuring cylinder ,mortar pestle,
spatula.
CHEMICALS FORMULA:
s.no.
1
2
3

Ingredients
Cetyl Alchol
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
Water(q.s)

STD.
Quantity
07gm
38gm
100ml

PROCEDURE.
1. Sodium Lauryl Sulphate was triturated with water in pestle mortar .
2. Cetyl alchol was added to the triturated solution of Sodium Lauryl Sulphate.
3. The required quantity was made by addition of water.
EVALUATION TEST
1. Spreadibility:
2. Viscosity:
3. Foam test:( Cylinder shake test)
4. Detergent and action:
Category: Anti-dandruff shampoo
Use.
Conditioning the hair.

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EXPERIMENT NO.10
AIM - TO PREPARE AND EVALUATE 10 GM HERBAL TALC POWDER .
REFERCENCE - Sharma p.p. cosmetic formulations , manufacturing and quality control ,
edtitions 3 pp
REQUIREMENT - talc, starch , magnesium stearate , boric acid, mortar pestle.
CHEMICALS FORMULA
Ingredients
Talc
Starch
Mag. Stearate
Boric acid

std. qty
70 gm
30 gm
3 gm
5 gm

required qty.
6.48 gm
2.77 gm
0.27 gm
0.46 gm

PROCEDURE
1. All the ingredients were weighed properly .
2. The ingredients were properly trituated in the mortar pestle in according with ascending order of
their weighed amount .

EVALUATION TEST(As same as above experiment 3)

1.Colour:
2. Odour:
3. Abbrasiveness:
4. Cleansing Action:
5. Particle size:
6. Foaming Character:
7. Consistency:
8. PH of Product

Category: Dentrifricing Agent

Uses. To clean the teeth
2.Reduction of bad odour.
3. Reduction of tooth decay
4. It makes the gum healthy.

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EXPERIMENT NO.11
AIM- TO PREPARE & EVALUATE 20 GM SUN SCREEN CREAM .
REFERCENCE Sharma p.p. , ; cosmetic formulations , manufacturing & quality control ,
edition 3 p.p. 195 196 .
REQUIREMENT beaker , glass rod ., bees wax , borax , water , petroleum jelly .
CHEMICALS FORMULA
Ingredient
Bees wax
Petroleum jelly
Borax
Water

std. qty.
14 %
20 %
2%
20 %

req. qty.
5
7.14
0.71
7.14

PROCEDURE
1. All the ingredients was accurately weighed .
2. Bees wax & petroleum jelly were melted on a water bath in a beaker ayt about 70. C .
3. Simulataneously the water along with borax were also heated in a separate beaker at about
70. C .
4. Now the aqueous part was mixed or triturated with oily part with constant stirring until
the wax cools down & a fine part is obtained .
EVALUATION TEST
1. Appearance: Elegant/Non- Elegant
3. PH :
4. Pourability: Good/Poor
3. Abbrasiveness : Present/Absent
4. Spreadibility: Even/Uneven
Category: Skin Cream
Use.
It is used in winters and applied over the dry areas on the skin.

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EXPERIMENT NO.12
AIM TO PREPARE &N EVALUATE 10 GM SHAVING CREAM .
REFERCENCE nanda sanju & nanda arun , cosmetic technology , ; birla publicatioms pvt.
Ltd. Edi tion( 2009 2010 )pp 418
REQUIREMENT coconut acid , stearic acid , glycerol , & water , pot. Hydroxide &
sodium hydroxide .
CHEMICALS FORMULA
Ingredients
req. qty.
Coconut acid
1 gm
Stearic acid
3..88 gm
Glycerol
1 .88 gm
Water
Pot. Hydroxide
gm
Sod. Hydroxide
Stearic acid

std qty.
10 gm
28 gm
17 ml
23 ml
1. 5 gm

2.54 ml
0.16

7.3 gm
3.5 gm

0.8 gm
0.38 gm

PROCEDURE
1. Melted coconut acid , stearic acid , glycerol & water at 80 . c ( a) in the other
beaker , heated pot. Hydroxide , naoh at 80. C ( b) .
2. Stirred slowly into ( a) saponified , .
3. Added stearic acid into above .

Evaluation Test:
Determination of Free Caustic Alkali: Presence of free alkali can damage the
skin. Therefore, a suitable chemical method should be performed to determine the
presence of any alkali.
Determination of Total free fatty acids: Presence of free fatty acids influences
the lathering effect of the cosmetics preparation. Therefore, a suitable chemical test
procedure is to be applied to determine the level of free fatty acids.
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PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

Foam Production: Production of foam is vital for the cosmetic preparation.
Therefore specified amount is taken in a suitable container and shaken well for foam
formation . This foam is uaually compares with the market products foam.
Skin Sensitization Test :

EXPERIMENT NO.13
AIM TO PREPARE & EVALUATE 10 GM DECONGESTANT OINTMENT .
REFERCENCE- howard ( anees, pharmaceutical dosage form & drug delivery
system , published by lipincott willians & wiking , 7 edition , p.p. 244 248 .
REQUIREMENT - china dish , beaker , stirrer , measuring cylinder , .
CHEMICALS FORMULA

Ingredients
Polyethene glycol 4000
Polyethene glycol 400
Eucalyptus oil
Camphor

std. qty.
4 gm
4 gm
0.5gm
1.5 gm

PROCEDURE
1. Melted peg 4000 in china dish on water bath.
2. Then added peg 400 & camphor & again heated & added peppermint oil .
3. Stirred continuesly the few minutes on water bath & allowed to mix
properly .
4. Allowed to cool with stirring .
5. Poured in suitable contains & labeled .

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PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

EXPERIMENT NO.14

AIM TO PREPARE & EVALUATE 10 GM HERBAL TOOTH POWDER .

REFERCENCE - text book of industrial pharmacy , drug delivery system & cosmetic & herbal drug
technology pp 245 .
CHEMICALS FORMULA
Ingredients
Clove
Powdered myrh
CHALK
Clove oil

Std. qty.
40 gm
10 GM
30 gm
q.s.

PROCEDURE
1. Finely powdered the myrh in the mortar & pestle . .
2. To the added the powdered clouses .
3. Finally , now added sufficient qty of clove oil .

EXPERIMENT NO.15
AIM- TO PREPARE 10 GM HERBAL SUNSCREEN - .
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REFERCENCE howard ( anus , pharmaceutical dosage form & drug delivery system , & cosmetic
herbal technology pp 246
REQUIREMENT bees wax , coconut oil , v muthyl salicylate , borax , alovera gel , water , paraffin .
CHEMICALS FORMULA

Ingredients
Bees wax
Coconut oil
Methyl salicylate
Borax
Alovera gel
Water
Paraffin

std. qty .
20 gm
20 ml
10 gm
1 gm
5 ml
29 ml
15 ml

PROCEDURE
1. Dissolved the borax in water by a gentle heating on the watter bath .
2. Now in the separate beaker melted all the ingredients ( bees wax , coconut oil , methyl
salicylate , alovera gel , paraffin ) on a water bath .
3. Now added the aqeous phase into the melted mixture with constant stirring .
4. Coaled the above preparations

EXPERIMENT NO.16
AIM TO PREPARE & EVALUATE 10 GM NON AQEOUS CREAM CAKE FOUNDATION .
REFERCENCE- nanda sanju , nanda arun & khar roop , cosmetic technology ,, birla publications .
pvt . ltd. ( 2006 2007 ) , pp 253
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PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

REQUIREMENTS- petroleum jelly , lanolin , iso propyl myristate , titanium dioxide , preservative ,
perfume
CHEMICALS FORMULA
ingredients
Petroleum jelly
Lanolin
Iso propyl myristate
Titanium dixodide
Perfume
Preservstive

std. qty.10 gm
75
5
2.5
7.5
q.s.
q.s.

PROCEDURE
1. Weighed the required amt. of ingredients & put into the beaker ( petroleum jelly , lanolin , iso
propyl myristate .)
2. Heated the above contents all together on the warm bath .
3. Now heated the weighed amt. of titanium dixodide in a water bath .
4. After heating added & muxed the contents of the beaker ( both ) into each other by constant
stirring .
5. To above contents added perfume & preservative & mixed thoroughly .

EXPERIMENT NO.17
AIM TO PREPARE 20 ML OF SUN SCREEN LOTION .
REFERCENCE - nanda sanju ,, nanda arun , khar roop , cosmetic techmology , birla publications
pvt, ltd. , edition 1 pp 288
REQUIREMENTS methyl salicylate , alcohol , glucerine , water , & perfume .
CHEMICALS FORMULA
Ingredients

std. qty

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Methyl salicylate
Alcohol
Glycerine
Water
Perfume

11.5 %
10 %
5%
73.25 %
0.25 %

PROCEDURE
1. Dissolved the methyl salicylate in alcohol .
2. Added perfume , glycerine & water .
3. The above prepared preparations was then filtered .

EXPERIMENT NO.18
AIM- TO PREPARE & EVALUATE 10 GM ANTI STAIN TOOTH POWDER .
REFERCENCE mortar pestle , sweeting & flavouring agent .
REQUIRNENT mortar pestle , sweeting & flavouring agent .
CHEMICALS FORMULA
Ingredients
std qty ( 100 gm )
Calcium carbonate
52 gm
Keiselguhr
38 gm
Sod. Stearate
5 gm
Sod. Benzoate
5 gm
Sweeting agent
q.s.
Guru
Gobind
19
Flavouring
agentSingh College of PharmacyPage
.q.s.

PROCEDURE

PRACTICAL MANUAL, B.PHARM-IIIrd year (2014-2015)

Mixed weighed qty of calcium carbonate with sweeting agent ( sodium saccharin ) & flavouring agent
clove oil ) in the mortar pestle .
To the contents added , other ingredients including keiselguhr , sod. Stearate & sod, benzoate & mixed
properly .

EXPERIMENT NO.19
AIM- TO PREPARE 10 GM OINTMENT & STUDY RELEASE RATE OF DRUG .
REFERCENCE jain n.k. & Sharma s.n. a text book of professional pharmacy . vallabh prakashan ,
fifth edition , pp 264
REQUIREMENT petri dish , china dish , beaker .,, glass rod , salicylic acid , agar , ferric chloride , hcl
.
CHEMICALS FORMULA

Ingredients
Salicylic acid
Agar solution
Peg 4000
Fecl 3
Hcl

qty
2 gm
5%
2 gm
0.1mg
0.1n 2ml

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PROCEDURE
1. Melted salicylic acid in china dish & peg 4000 is added .
2.Prepared 5 % agar sol. In hot powder . . prepared agar sol. Was poured in petri dish &
added fecl3 sol. To each petri dish . prepared 10 ml fecl 3 sol. In 0.1n hcl
3.Allowed it to solidify & after solidifications poured the drug solution i.e.
salicylic acid .
4.Now observed the release rate of the drug .

EXPERIMENT NO.20

AIM TO PREPARE 5 GM BENTONITE MAGMA .

REFERCENCE loyal a . allen , honard c. anes , pharamaceutical dosage form &
drug delivery system , 8 edt, published by lipincott willians & Wilson , p.p. 248
REQUIREMENT beaker , mortar pestle , burner , water bath , stirrer , bentonite ,
water . CHEMICALS FORMULA
Ingredients
Bentonite
Water

qty ( 5gm )
1.25 gm
25 ml

PROCEDURE
Heat the water on water bath & then slowly added bentonite in hot water without
stirring & then shake well .

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EXPERIMENT NO.21
Aim-

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