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CHAPTER 1
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INTRODUCTION
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1.0

Introduction
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In most urban areas, population is increasing rapidly and the issue of

supplying adequate water to meet societal needs and to ensure equity in access to
water is one of the most urgent and significant challenges faced by decision-makers.
Nowadays, when mains or reticulated water supplies are available to communities,
many people choose to use rainwater that is collected from the roof and stored in
tanks or other vessels to supply their water requirements.
Rainwater is an ideal source for our water requirements and momentum
behind rain harvesting is building. Rainwater harvesting also called roof water
harvesting involves the collection, storage and distribution of rainwater from the
roof, for use inside and outside the home or business.

1.1

Background of Study

Rainwater harvesting is a technology used for collecting and storing

rainwater from rooftops, the land surface or rock catchments using simple techniques
such as jars and pots as well as more complex techniques such as underground check
dams. The techniques usually found in Asia and Africa arise from practices employed
by ancient civilizations within these regions and still serve as a major source of
drinking water supply in rural areas.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE RIVIEW

2.1

Rainwater System Component

Commonly used systems are constructed of three principal components;

namely, the catchments area, the collection device, and the conveyance system.
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2.1.1

Catchments Areas
(i)

Rooftop catchments

(ii)

Land surface catchments

Roof catchments should also be cleaned regularly to remove dust, leaves and
bird droppings so as to maintain the quality of the product water (see figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1 Catchment Area

Table 2.1 Average Rainfall

Month
January
February
March
April

Below figure

Above table

Average Rainfall
1.65
3.79
2.55
1.43

EXAMPLE HOW TO WRITE REFFERENCE

Book
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