Annotated List of Works Consulted

Primary Sources
Getty Images. Militay. 42 Facts about Jackie Robinson. Rudie Obias, 12 Apr. 2013.
Web. 14 Dec. 2014. <http://mentalfloss.com/article/50059/42-facts-about-jackierobinson>. This is website with multiple pictures of Jackie Robinson that we used
in the website as visuals for the audience to see and have a picture of what time
period and at what age Jackie Robinson was when he became a leader of African
Men and women in america through sports. This website is a good source for
images, which are primary sources, but we can not use any of the information
about Jackie Robinson because it is not a trustable source.
History.com Staff. Jackie Robinson Breaks Barriers. History.com. A+E Networks, 2009.
Web. 14 Dec. 2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/jackierobinson>. This video is about Jackie Robinsons hardships while he was a
professional baseball player. This primary source was used as a bridge to go from
Jackie Robinsons life to the achievements and his impact on professional
American sports. It helped us to understand the intensity that Jackie Robinson had
to face because of his skin color.
Jackie Robinson, Citizen: Civil Rights. Jackie Robinson, Citizen: Civil Rights. Ed.
University of Massachusetts. U of Massachusetts, n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.umass.edu/pubaffs/jackie/citizencivilrights.html>. This primary
source is a website composed of many photographs of Jackie Robinson as a Civil
Rights advocate. We used several photos from this website to explain to the
audience how Jackie Robinson was an active advocate for social justice. This

website helped us understand our topic more thoroughly by giving us a

perspective of how Jackie Robinson was such an active advocate.
The Library of Congress, ed. Baseball, the Color Line, and Jackie Robinson. Lib of Con,
n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
<http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/jr1957.html>. This primary
source talks about what Jackie Robinson did after he retired from baseball after
the 1956 season. This website was used to provide the script to the audience that
was from the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People) that awarded Jackie Robinson with the Spingarn Medal. This helped us
understand our topic more thoroughly by explaining what the Spingarn Medal and
why Jackie Robinson won the Spingarn Medal with the achievements he
accomplished.
MCJStaff. Jackie Robinson Foundation Giving Away Scholarships of up to $7,500.
Jackie Robinson Foundation Giving Away Scholarships of up to $7,500. Ed.
MCJStaff. Milwaukee Community Journal, n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
<http://communityjournal.net/jackie-robinson-foundation-giving-awayscholarships-of-up-to-7500/>. This primary source is a image of the logo of the
Jackie Robinson Foundation. We used this image to display to our audience what
the Jackie Robinson Foundation logo looks like.
Murphy, Robert. Jackie Robinson. The Profit Motive Fights Unfair Discrimination.
LibertyChat, 17 Sept. 2014. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.libertychat.com/2014/09/profit-motive-fights-unfairdiscrimination/>. This is a photograph of Jackie Robinson wearing his baseball

jersey. We used this picture as support for the biography part of our website. It is a
primary source, but we can not trust the website or any of the other information
about Jackie Robinson because the site is chatting site where anyone can post and
alter details.
Nixon, Richard M. Letter to Jackie Robinson. 4 Nov. 1960. TS. National Archives. This a
draft of a letter from Richard M. Nixon to Jackie Robinson asking for his support
from Robinson for the 1960 election. Robinson did end up siding with Nixon, he
endorsed Nixon to help him gain followers and votes. We used this primary
source as proof about Jackie Robinsons influence on the election of the time and
how people wanted him and followed him. It helps us understand how even the
presidents were influenced by this leader and wanted his support in hopes of
increasing their votes.
The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. and Jackie Robinson. SB Nation. SB Nation, n.d.
Web. 14 Dec. 2014. <http://www.sbnation.com/mlb/2013/4/15/4225534/jackierobinson-richard-nixon-42-movie-civil-rights>. This primary source is about
Martin Luther King talking to Jackie Robinson. This website helped us
understand our topic by explaining why Martin Luther King got arrested and how
Jackie Robinson tried to beg Nixon to free him, but Nixon didnt do a thing. After
Martin Luther King was released from prison, his father said he would vote for
Kennedy instead of Nixon for president. This website was used to explain to the
audience how Jackie Robinson was also a political activist, not just a baseball
player.

Robinson, Jackie. Civil Rights Advocate. Telegram to Frederick Morrow. 13 Aug.

1957. TS. Telegram Jackie Robinson to E. Frederick Morrow. National Archives.
This is a letter from Jackie Robinson to Presidential assistant E. Frederick
Morrow, it is a primary source. We used it to show Jackie Robinsons view on
segregation we said, even though there was a bill that was going to help his case,
he still wanted to have a better bill drafted and was urging President Eisenhower
to veto the bill. That is exactly what the telegram is about, Robinson asking
President Eisenhower to veto the bill.
- - -. Letter to Dwight D. Eisenhower. N.d. TS. This primary source is a letter from Jackie
Robinson to President Eisenhower regarding Eisenhowers comment about how
African Americans need to have patience. Jackie Robinson argues that they
having been waiting for centuries and they still are being mistreated because of
the color of their skin. We used this letter as evidence for the issue about
segregation and how it was dealt with at the time. This letter helped us understand
the view of Jackie Robinson on segregation.
Taylor, Brett. Jackie Robinson: 42. Jackie Robinson: 42. Bleachernation, n.d. Web. 3
Feb. 2015. <http://www.bleachernation.com/2012/09/25/the-trailer-for-42upcoming-jackie-robinson-movie/jackie-robinson-42/>. This primary source is a
photo of about Jackie Robinson running to home base. We used this source by
displaying Jackie Robinsons famous number 42 to the audience.
Secondary Sources
A&E Television Networks. Jackie Robinson Biography. Jackie Robinson Biography.
N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014. <http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F

%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fjackie-robinson-9460813%23breakingthe-colorbarrier&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGj0cGzyxfwptdqpmUK9dhdro5N9Q>.
This primary source is a website the explains Jackie Robinsons voice on AfricanAmerican athletes. This website was used to explain to our audience how Jackie
Robinson wasnt just an African American playing baseball, but also an activist in
the Civil Rights and against discrimination. This website helped us understand
how Jackie Robinson dealt with racial insults towards him while playing baseball
and how his voice was an impact in the Civil Rights.
Biography. Jackie Robinson - The Official Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.jackierobinson.com/about/bio.html>. This website is a secondary
with many photographs that were used in the creation of our website. It is a
biography about Jackie Robinson, it tells us about his life as a child and his
achievements as a professional baseball player. It was used by us as background
information about his life and we used some of the pictures from the website.
Cogapp. Branch Rickey. Hall of Famers. National Baseball Hall of Fame, n.d. Web. 4
Feb. 2015. <http://baseballhall.org/hof/rickey-branch>. This secondary source is
about Branch Rickey, the person who brought Jackie Robinson into the Brooklyn
Dodgers in 1947. We used this source to explain to the audience how Branch
Rickey was also an influential person in Jackie Robinsons career. This source
helped us understand our topic more thoroughly by explaining who and what
Branch Rickey has done in his life and how he influenced Jackie Robinson.

Glanville, Doug. Jackie Robinsons Everlasting Legacy. Jackie Robinsons Everlasting

Legacy. Ed. Doug Glanville. ESPN, 15 Apr. 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://espn.go.com/mlb/story/_/id/7812986/jackie-robinson-everlasting-legacy>.
This secondary source is about Jackie Robinsons career in baseball and how well
of an athlete he was in the sport. We used this website to explain to our audience
that Jackie Robinson demanded equality and how he wrote letters to stress
equality among everyone. This website helped us understand our topic by
explaining what an athlete and activist Jackie Robinson was. People saw Jackie
Robinson as an athlete, but he is more than an athlete, he is a activist who stressed
equality for all, regardless of skin color or background.
History.com Staff. Jackie Robinson. History.com. A+E Networks, 2009. Web. 14 Dec.
2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/jackie-robinson>. This
secondary source is about Jackie Robinsons athletic and political life. As Jackie
Robinson enhanced in baseball, he also became an activist who stressed equality
for all people. This website was used to explain to the audience how Jackie
Robinson stressed equality and was used as background information. This website
helped us understand our topic by providing us background information about
Jackie Robinson being an activist.
The Jackie Robinson Foundation. About Jackie Robinson. The Jackie Robinson
Foundation. Ed. The Jackie Robinson Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.jackierobinson.org/about/jackie.php>. This secondary source is a
website about Jackie Robinsons life. We used this website as background
information to explain to our audience Jackie Robinsons achievements and

hardships, and also contained pictures about his life. This website helped us
understand our topic by providing us with background information about Jackie
Robinson.
Jackie Robinson Quotes. Jackie Robinson Quotes. Ed. Peter Bellenson. Grand Slams
and Fumbles, n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2015. <http://www.baseballalmanac.com/quotes/quojckr.shtml>. This secondary source is made up of several
quotes that we added onto our website. These quotes helped us better understand
our topic by showing Jackie Robinsons personal view.
Robinsons Fight for Freedom with the NAACP. Robinsons Fight for Freedom with
the NAACP. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.learntoquestion.com/seevak/groups/2000/sites/Robinson/NEWVERS
ION/robNAACP.html>. This secondary source is about Jackie Robinson and how
he fought for freedom with the NAACP. We used this website to explain to our
audience what Jackie Robinson did with the NAACP to fight against social
inequality. This source helped us understand our topic more thoroughly by
explaining us how, what, and when Jackie Robinson became such an active
advocate with the NAACP.
Schwartz, Larry. Jackie Changed Face of Sports. Jackie changed face of sports. Ed.
Larry Schwartz. ESPN, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014.
<https://espn.go.com/sportscentury/features/00016431.html>. This secondary
source is about Jackie Robinsons baseball career while facing racist insults
towards him. This website talks about how Robinson dealt with racism and how
profound he is as an athlete and as an activist. This website was used to explain

how Jackie Robinson dealt with racism and how he managed to move on and still
play baseball. This website helped us understand our topic by elaborating about
Jackie Robinsons outstanding baseball career and what he did after he retired
from baseball.