Presentacin y lanzamiento del INPROSUD

Conferencias magistrales sobre avanzas en la produccin de camlidos sudamericanos

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA Y
DETERMINACIN DE LA MEJOR ZONA DE
MUESTREO EN VELLONES DE CAMELIDOS
SUDAMERIDANOS.

Edgar Quispe

ASPECTOS A TRATAR

Introduccin
Caractersticas fsicas y tecnolgicas
de vellones
Componentes de varianza de
vellones
Mejor zona de muestreo
Materiales y Mtodos
Resultados
Discusin

INTRODUCCION

INTRODUCTION
World: 7 800.000 SAC
Per = 4 300.000 (First
world producer)

Puno, Cusco,
Arequipa, Ayacucho
and Huancavelica

02/Mayo/2011
Depending 2.9 millions of people (11% Chincha,
nacional
popul.) 100,000 productores

SAC POPULATION IN SOUTH

AMERICAN
Camlido

Per

Bolivia

Argentina

Chile

Alpaca

3.685.500
3.041.598

269.285

pocos

28.551

Llama
Vicua
Guanaco

746.269
1.462.730
147.000
pocos

2.237.170
12.047
pocos

161.402
131.220
636.477

50.132
27.921
27.150

CENAGRO, 2021, Quispe et al., 2009

IMPORTANCE OF THE ALPACA

LOCATED

NATURAL PASTURE:
Thermal variation
Intense solar radiation
Low rainfall

Voluntary intake:
39.9 a 63.1 g/kg0.75 DM
36.5 a 57.1 g/kg0.75 OM

1. Involves many people

2. Main means of combating
poverty

1. Footpad
2. Tooth impeller

CARACTERSTICAS DE LA FIBRA
REFERENCIAS:
EN ALPACAS:
LUPTON, - EEUU
WULIJI NUEVA ZELANDA
MCGREGOR Y XUNGAI AUSTRALIA
LLAMAS:
FRANK ARGENTINA
RODRIGUEZ Y MARTINEZ BOLIVIA
WURZINGER AUSTRIA
VICUAS:
BONACIC CHILE
RIGALT, MUELLER Y SACHERO ARGENTINA

CARACTERSTICAS DE LA FIBRA

CARACTERSTICAS DE LA FIBRA

ALPACA

LLAMA

VICUA

Trait
FW

n
45

Average
1713.74

SE
265.59

MFD
CVMFD
SL
CF
FC
SF

55
55
55
55
55
55

24.25
22.48
11.74
84.64
32.59
23.98

0.59
0.54
0.46
2.27
1.88
0.64

VARIACION DE LAS
CARACTERISTICAS DENTRO DE
LOS VELLONES

REGIONES DE VELLON DE CAMLIDOS

EN ALPACAS

McGregor and Quispe et al., 2015

EN LLAMAS
Averages and standard error (SD) by side, zone and subzone of six fiber characteristics
(AFD, CVD, SL, CF, FC and SF) of Chaku llama fiber.
Factor

AFC
Average

SIDE

SD

Average

N.S.

SD

Average

N.S.

Rigth

314

24.36a

3.82

22.52a

Left

310

24.14a

3.27

22.43a

***

Zone

SL

CVAFD

CF
SD

Average

N.S.
2.94
2.82

11.81a

FC
SD

Average

N.S.

SF
SD

N.S.

84.04a

15.75

32.57a

11,65a 2.52

85.23a

12.94

32.61a 8.25

***

***

SD

N.S.

2.83

***

Average

8.64

24.11a
23.86a

***

4.20
3.55

***

BA

89

25.94a

4.03

23.41a

2.97

12.79a

2.84

77.59d

18.56

29.39c

8.63

25.88a

4.41

CU

90

24.66b

4.10

23.00a

2.89

12.06b

3.33

83.9bc

15.34

32.96ab

6.98

24.51b

4.55

MA

88

24.34bc

3.19

22.94ab

3.02

11.9bc

2.50

83.82bc

12.83

32.21b

8.57

24.17b

3.43

MP

88

24.97b

3.70

22.02c

3.24

11.67bcd

2.76

82.5c

17.09

32.30b

9.18

24.62b

4.05

VA

89

23.01d

2.75

22.34bc

2.58

11.37cd

2.16

88.84a

9.53

33.96a

8.12

22.72c

2.95

VC

90

23.14d

3.04

21.84c

2.43

11.12d

2.20

88.49a

11.14

34.17a

8.73

22.74c

3.25

VP

90

23.70cd

3.00

21.76c

2.63

11.24d

2.45

87.16ab

11.19

33.12ab

8.12

23.29c

3.37

**

Subzone

***

***

**

**

**

208

24.70a

3.64

22.85a

3.01

12.06a

2.72

82.76b

15.1

31.85b

8.58

24.51a

3.97

209

27.13b

3.57

22.48ab

2.69

11.68ab

2.54

85.1a

14.76

32.5b

8.05

23.85b

3.84

207

23.93b

3.43

22.1b

2.90

11.47b

2.74

86.04a

13.20

33.44a

8.66

23.6c

3.83

Quispe et al., 2015

EN
VICUAS
Average and standard error (se) of average fibre diameter (AFD), fibre diameter coefficient of
variation (CVD), spinning fineness (SF), fibre curvature (FC) and staple length (SL) of vicua fibre
at different body sites.
AFDee

CVDee

SFee

CIee

SLee

(m)

(%)

(m)

(/mm)

(mm)

Neck

13.92 0.21bc

20.680.41cde

13.540.22bcd

82.05 1.94 ab

19.250.56a

Forelimb

14.000.18bc

20.070.39bcd

13.530.17bcd

83.58 1.59 abc

22.580.54b

Hindlimb

13.920.18bc

18.660.37a

13.280.16bc

87.89 1.75 c

24.000.58b

Anterior saddle 3

13.210.22a

19.640.36abc

12.710.20a

83.83 2.04 abc

28.000.82c

Anterior saddle 2

14.030.22bc

20.430.40bcde

13.600.21cd

84.41 1.90bc

28.080.81c

Anterior saddle 1

14.630.20d

21.490.39e

14.290.20e

81.371.48ab

27.670.67c

Central saddle 3

13.590.26ab

19.340.44ab

13.040.24abc

82.621.77abc

29.670.87cd

Central saddle 2

13.940.18bc

19.320.37ab

13.390.16bcd

81.352.15ab

27.830.85c

Central saddle 1

14.580.23d

20.540.44bcde

14.130.20e

80.481.79ab

24.750.82b

Back saddle 3

13.550.25ab

19.480.31abc

13.010.23ab

82.612.03abc

31.580.87de

Back saddle 2

14.020.21bc

19.400.39ab

13.460.18bcd

78.171.67a

32.921.23e

Back saddle 1

14.340.20cd

20.710.42de

13.910.18de

82.701.70abc

27.500.88c

A_Fl with neck

13.980.17

19.920.31

13.490.15

82.641.20

26.990.45

A_Fl without neck

13.980.18

19.920.31

13.490.15

82.641.20

27.690.48

Body Site

Quispe et al., 2014

The effect of site on fibre attributes of female white Huacaya alpaca in the High Andes, (a)
mean fibre diameter (m; LSD 5%, 1.66), (b) fibre diameter coefficient of variation (%; LSD
5%, 1.07), (c) fibre curvature (/mm after log10 backtransformation; LSD 5% not
backtransformed, 0.037), (d) staple length (mm; LSD 5%, 8.6).

Spectra for vicua fleece showing top variations by body areas. (A) Darkest
and lightest zones produce fines and thicker fibres, respectively, (B) Darkest
and lightest zones have fibre with less and more CVD, (C) In darker zones are
located fibres with the highest fibre curvature, contrary to the lighter zones,
and (D) At darkest areas are located fibre with larger staple length.

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA
DE VELLONES

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA
DE VELLONES

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE
VELLONES DE CAMELIDOS

MODELO UTILIZADO PARA DETERMINAR

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA

MODELO ADITIVO JERARQUICO

Variables dependientes:
MDF, CVMDF, LM, FIHI, FC, IC
Variables independientes
-FIJO : estrato etreo, sexo
-ALEATORIO: animal, lado, regin, subregin, error
yijklmno u Si Ej Ak Ll / Ak Rm / Ll / Ak In / Rm / Ll / Ak eijklmno

METODOS DE ESTIMACION DE
COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA

ANOVA
METODOS DE HENDERSON
MINQUE
MIVQUE
MAXIMA VEROSIMILITUD (LM)
MAXIMA VEROSIMILITUD RESTRINGIDA (REML)
GIBBS SAMPLING

COMPONENTES DE VARIANZA DE VELLONES

DE LLAMAS, ALPACAS Y VICUAS
DescomposicindelavarianzadelDMFyelCVDentreanimalesydentro
deanimal, enalpacasHuacaya.
Varianzadentro
delanimal

Carcter

DMF
(%)
CVD
(%)

14.38
(41.0%)
0.32
(2.2%)

Varianzaentre
animales

14.19
(40.4%)
3.28
(22.6%)

Varianzaresidual

6.53
(18.6%)
10.91
(75.2%)
Quispe et al., 2013

Variance component estimates of average fiber diameter (AFD), coefficient of variation

of fiber diameter (CVAFD), staple length (SL), comfort factor (CF), fiber curvature (FC)
and spinning fineness (SF), and their proportional contribution to total variance for each
component, in Chaku llamas.
Variables

Variance component estimates of total variance

Total
animal
zone
Sub zone
residual
LLAMAS CHAKU
5.04(2.25) 2.43(1.56)
0.32(0.56)
6.80(2.61)
14.58
{0.35}
{0.17}
{0.02}
{0.47}
{1.00}
AFD (m2)
4.44(2.11) 1.41(1.19)
0.10(0.31)
2.95(1.72)
8.90
CVAFD (%2)
{0.50}
{0.16}
{0.01}
{0.33}
{1.00}
3.20(1.79) 1.28(1.13)
0.01(0.00)
3.29(1.81)
7.77
SL (cm2)
{0.41}
{0.16}
{0.00}
{0.42}
{1.00}
75.18(8.67) 34.53(5.88)
7.12(2.67) 125.65(11.21)
242.47
{0.31}
{0.14}
{0.03}
{0.52}
{1.00}
CF(%2)
52.08(7.22) 5.30(2.30)
3.53(1.88) 15.63(3.95)
76.54
FC(/mm)2
{0.68}
{0.07}
{0.05}
{0.20}
{1.00}
6.05(2.46) 2.84(1.69)
0.22(0.46)
8.14(2.85)
17.25
SF(m2)
{0.35}
{0.16}
{0.01}
{0.47}
{1.00}
Quispe et al., 2014

Contribution of sources of variation or variance components of average fibre

diameter (AFD), fibre diameter coefficient of variation (CVD), spinning fineness
(SF), curvature index (CI) and staple length (SL), in vicuas
Sources of
variation

AFD
Value

VCD
%

Value

SF
%

Value

CI
%

Value

SL
%

Value

Between animals

0.34

28.31

0.94

19.92

0.26

20.34

14.55

16.74

1.91

3.67

Within animals

0.38

31.18

1.42

30.21

0.49

38.48

8.60

9.90

35.19

67.54

Residual

0.49

40.51

2.34

49.87

0.52

41.18

63.73

73.36

15.00

28.79

Total

1.22

100.00

4.70 100.00

1.27 100.00

86.88 100.00

32.68 100.00

Quispe et al., 2014

MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO

METODOLOGA
CORRELACIN

REGRESION

r1 , 2

Y ij a b ( X i X ) e i j

Cov

(1 , 2 )

s1 * s 2

MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO

Correlacin entre las regiones del velln de alpacas Huacaya consideradas para
dimetro medio de fibra (sobre la diagonal) y coeficiente de variacin del dimetro
(bajo la diagonal).

Appropriate site for sampling of six fiber characteristics (AFD, CVD, SL, CF, FC and SF)
of Chaku llama fiber with the ranking of sampling sites according to those with the
highest correlation coefficient
Ranking
according to
r-Pearson
1st: Site
r
IC
p-value
2nd: Site
r
IC
p-value
3rd: Site
r
IC
p-value

AFD

CVD

SL

CF

FC

SF

CS2
{0.93}
[0.81-0.98]
3.29E-07
CS3
{0.93}
[0.81-0.98]
4.00E-07
AS2
{0.89}
[0.69-0.96]
9.11E-08

B1
{0.95}
[0.85-0.98]
8.50E-08
AS2
{0.92}
[0.78-0.97]
9.26E-07
CS3
{0.89}
[0.71-0.96]
6.62E-06

AS2
{0.93}
[0.80-0.98]
4.71E-07
CS2
{0.89}
[0.68-0.96]
1.13E-05
CS3
{0.88}
[0.68-0.96]
1.19E-05

CS2
{0.90}
[0.73-0.97]
3.86E-06
CS3
{0.88}
[0.66-0.96]
1.90E-05
AS3
{0.87}
[0.66-0.96]
2.04E-05

BS1
{0.97}
[0.91-0.99]
1.84E-09
CS3
{0.97}
[0.91-0.99]
3.01E-09
CS2
{0.96}
[0.89-0.99]
8.13E-09

CS2
{0.92}
[0.78-0.97]
8.45E-07
CS3
{0.92}
[0.77-0.97]
1.31E-06
AS2
{0.90}
[0.72-0.97]
5.18E-06

MEJOR ZONA DE MUESTREO

Appropriate site for sampling of five technological characteristics (AFD, CVD, FF, CI and
SL) of vicua fiber with the ranking of sampling sites according to those with the higest
correlation coefficiente (r-Pearson in brackets)

CONCLUSIONES
Y
RECOMENDACIONES