> #Ejecutar esta lnea para continuar.

#Necesitamos cargar los paquetes "plots" y "student".

restart;with(plots):with(student):
L := proc(xvals::list,k::nonnegint,x)
local v,xvalsdelete;
if k+1 > nops(xvals) then
ERROR(`error`)
fi;
xvalsdelete := [op(1..k,xvals),op(k+2..nops(xvals),xvals)];
if member(xvals[k+1], xvalsdelete) then
ERROR(`error`)
fi;
mul((x-v)/(xvals[k+1]-v),v=xvalsdelete);
end:
lagrange := proc(xvals::list, yvals::list, x)
local m,n,k;
n := nops(xvals);
m := nops(yvals);
if n <> m then
ERROR(`error`)
fi;
add(L(xvals,k-1,x)*yvals[k],k=1..n);
end:
printf("Cargadas las libreras necesarias.\n");
Cargadas las libreras necesarias.

> # Pulsa enter para continuar

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> f:=x->cos(x):
xvals := [-2,0,1,9,11,14];
primerpunto:=xvals[1]:
ultimopunto:=xvals[6]:
yvals :=map(f,xvals);
pair := (x,y) -> [x,y]: knots := zip(pair, xvals, yvals);
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> plot([knots],x=primerpunto..ultimopunto,y=-1..1,symbol=circle
,
color=[black],style=[point],tickmarks=[5,3]);

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#

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> LI:=[seq(L(xvals,i,x) ,i=0..nops(xvals)-1)];

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> evalf(lagrange(xvals,yvals,x)):
PolinomodeLagrange:=collect(%,x);
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> DDN:=(l,xvals)->map(evalf,[seq((op(i+1,l)-op(i,l))/(op(i+iter
acion+1,xvals)-op(i,xvals)), i=1..nops(l)-1)]);
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> ini:=map(evalf,yvals);
iteracion:=0;
'f'([op(1..iteracion+1,xvals)])=op(1,ini);
newtondiv:=op(1,ini):
P[iteracion]=newtondiv;
plot([knots,newtondiv,f(x)],x=primerpunto..ultimopunto,y=-2..
1.3,symbol=circle,color=[black,blue,red],style=[point,line,li
ne],tickmarks=[5,3]);
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9
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+ '" $" *"
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> ini:=DDN(ini,xvals);
iteracion:=iteracion+1;
'f'([op(1..iteracion+1,xvals)])=op(1,ini);
newtondiv:=newtondiv+op(1,ini)*mul(x-op(i,xvals),i=1..iteraci
on):
P[iteracion]=newtondiv;
plot([knots,newtondiv,f(x)],x=primerpunto..ultimopunto,y=-2..
1.3,symbol=circle,color=[black,blue,red],style=[point,line,li
ne],tickmarks=[5,3]);
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/0 $
( -*" ' ) = C'D'C;?$D@
$

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> ini:=DDN(ini,xvals);
iteracion:=iteracion+1;
'f'([op(1..iteracion+1,xvals)])=op(1,ini);
newtondiv:=newtondiv+op(1,ini)*mul(x-op(i,xvals),i=1..iteraci
on):
P[iteracion]=newtondiv;
plot([knots,newtondiv,f(x)],x=primerpunto..ultimopunto,y=-2..
1.3,symbol=circle,color=[black,blue,red],style=[point,line,li
ne],tickmarks=[5,3]);
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/0 *
( -*" '" $ ) = - ;D>*@C';CC
*

= $ ''''''''$ + C'D'C;?$D@ ;D>*@C';CC

+*

> ini:=DDN(ini,xvals);
iteracion:=iteracion+1;
'f'([op(1..iteracion+1,xvals)])=op(1,ini);
newtondiv:=newtondiv+op(1,ini)*mul(x-op(i,xvals),i=1..iteraci
on):
#

P[iteracion]=newtondiv;
plot([knots,newtondiv,f(x)],x=primerpunto..ultimopunto,y=-2..
1.3,symbol=circle,color=[black,blue,red],style=[point,line,li
ne],tickmarks=[5,3]);
/0 ( ';D$>CC>CB'" '';'''$C>'$D" - '$$*D$$>?D@ )
/0 ;
( -*" '" $" > ) = ';D$>CC>CB'
;

= $ ''''''''$ + C'D'C;?$D@ ;D>*@C';CC

+ ';D$>CC>CB'

+*

+*

> ini:=DDN(ini,xvals);
iteracion:=iteracion+1;
'f'([op(1..iteracion+1,xvals)])=op(1,ini);
newtondiv:=newtondiv+op(1,ini)*mul(x-op(i,xvals),i=1..iteraci
on):
P[iteracion]=newtondiv;
plot([knots,newtondiv,f(x)],x=primerpunto..ultimopunto,y=-2..
1.3,symbol=circle,color=[black,blue,red],style=[point,line,li
ne],tickmarks=[5,3]);
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#

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> ini:=DDN(ini,xvals);
iteracion:=iteracion+1;
'f'([op(1..iteracion+1,xvals)])=op(1,ini);
newtondiv:=newtondiv+op(1,ini)*mul(x-op(i,xvals),i=1..iteraci
on):
P[iteracion]=newtondiv;
collect(newtondiv,x);
plot([knots,newtondiv,f(x)],x=primerpunto..ultimopunto,y=-2..
1.3,symbol=circle,color=[black,blue,red],style=[point,line,li
ne],tickmarks=[5,3]);
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/0 @
( -*" '" $" >" $$" $? ) = '''$'@?B;$DBD
@

= $ ''''''''$ + C'D'C;?$D@ ;D>*@C';CC

+ ';D$>CC>CB'
+ '''$'@?B;$DBD

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7
> cotasupderiv:=maximize(diff(f(x),x$4),x,{x=primerpunto..ultim
opunto}):
cotainfderiv:=minimize(diff(f(x),x$4),x,{x=primerpunto..ultim
opunto}):
cotasupabsderiv:=evalf(max(cotasupderiv,abs(cotainfderiv)));
num:=x->abs(mul(x-op(i,xvals),i=1..nops(xvals))):
cotaerr:=x->num(x)*cotasupabsderiv/nops(xvals)!:
cotaerr(x);
plot([knots,newtondiv,f(x),cotaerr(x)],x=primerpunto..ultimop
unto,tickmarks=[5,10]);
/0 $
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> cotaerr(4);
evalf(%);

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> xvals := [-2,0,1,5,9,11,14];

primerpunto:=xvals[1]:
ultimopunto:=xvals[7]:
yvals :=map(f,xvals);
pair := (x,y) -> [x,y]: knots := zip(pair, xvals, yvals);
/0 ( -*" '" $" @" >" $$" $? )
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)
> LI:=[seq(L(xvals,i,x) ,i=0..nops(xvals)-1)]:
evalf(lagrange(xvals,yvals,x)):
PolinomodeLagrange2:=simplify(%);
/0 ?$;??D;'C$ + $ + ''*?@'B?;>'?
+ $;?C'>@DC*

$@?*@$@CB$

''''C$'BB'D*;@

'*>'DB>C@>$

!
> plot([knots,PolinomodeLagrange2,f(x)],x=primerpunto..ultimopu
nto,y=-2..2,symbol=circle,color=[black,green,red],style=[poin
t,line,line],tickmarks=[5,3]);

"
KK

!"
!

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!"

> plot([knots,PolinomodeLagrange,PolinomodeLagrange2,f(x)],x=pr
imerpunto..ultimopunto,y=-2..2,symbol=circle,color=[black,blu
e,green,red],style=[point,line,line,line],tickmarks=[5,3]);
#

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+

> g:=x->1/(1+25*x^2):
plot(g(x),x=-1..1);

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$' = $

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#

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<

&$ + (

> x := 'x':
a:= -1:
b := 1:
n := 10:
h := abs(a-b)/n;
S := [seq(a+h*i,i=0..n)];
yi := map(g,S):
p10 := unapply(interp(S,yi,x),x);

# /0
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$ /0
57

= $ ,

;>'B*@

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"

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" $$ "
> puntos := evalf(zip((x,y)->[x,y],S,yi)):
plot([puntos,g(x),p10(x)],x=a..b,symbol=circle,
color=[black,red,blue],style=[point,line,line],
linestyle=[1,1,3]);
print("En rojo el grafico de la funcin, en azul el grafico
del polinomio interpolador");

L
9

"

L
!

$$

&'(
9
4$ + 6
> <
$$

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GE
<
'
&'(
H
*'
> n := 20:
h := abs(a-b)/n:
S := [seq(a+h*i,i=0..n)]:
yi := map(g,S):
p20 := unapply(interp(S,yi,x),x):
collect(p20(x),x);
puntos := evalf(zip((x,y)->[x,y],S,yi)):
#

$B

?F+
?F
' = $ , *' = $

plot([puntos,g(x),p20(x)],x=a..b,y=-4..4,symbol=circle,
color=[blue,red,green],style=[point,line,line],linestyle=[0,1
,0]);
print("En rojo el grfico de la funcin, en verde el grfico
del polinomio interpolador");
C'B>$@@'$*@
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9

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> S;
-> -? -C -; -$ -* -; -$ -$
$ $ ; * $ ; C ? >
" " " " " " " " " '" " " " " " " " " " $
$' @ $' @ * @ $' @ $'
$' @ $' @ * @ $' @ $'
> splinlineal:=x->piecewise(seq(op([(op(i,S)<x) and
(op(i+1,S)>x),interp([op(i..i+1,S)],map(g,[op(i..i+1,S)]),x)]
),i=1..nops(S)-1),true,g(x)):
plot([puntos,g(x),splinlineal(x)],x=a..b,y=0..g(0),symbol=cir
cle,
color=[blue,red,green],style=[point,line,line],linestyle=[0,1
,0]);
print("En rojo el grfico de la funcin, en verde el grfico
de la interpolacin lineal a trozos");
-$"

L
"
. L
> splincuadratico:=x->piecewise(seq(op([(op(2*i-1,S)<x) and
(op(2*i+1,S)>x),interp([op(2*i-1..2*i+1,S)],map(g,[op(2*i-1..
#
$D

2*i+1,S)]),x)]),i=1..(nops(S)-1)/2),true,g(x)):
plot([puntos,g(x),splincuadratico(x)],x=a..b,y=0..g(0),symbol
=circle,
color=[blue,red,green],style=[point,line,line],linestyle=[0,1
,0]);
print("En rojo el grfico de la funcin, en verde el grfico
de la interpolacin cuadratica a trozos");

"

. N

L
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J
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#

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5#5555 #

"

> f:=x->sin(x);
a:=0;b:=Pi/3;
err:=0.001;
graf0:=plot(f(x),x=a-1..b+1,color=red):
graf1:=plot(f(x),x=a..b,color=COLOR(RGB,0.7,0.7,0.7),filled=t
rue):
rayaA:=plot([[a,0],[a,f(a)]],color=black):
rayaB:=plot([[b,0],[b,f(b)]],color=black):
plots[display]([graf0,graf1,rayaA,rayaB]);
print("Queremos calcular el area sealada en el dibujo, que se
corresponde con el valor de I=",Int(f(x),x=0..Pi/3));
/0
/0 '
$
/0
;
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LO

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$/;

'

9
#

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+
"

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=

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> deriv2:=unapply(diff(f(x),x$2),x);
cotasupderiv2:=maximize(abs(deriv2(x)),x,{x=evalf(a)..evalf(b
)});
funcioncotaerror:=(b-a)^3*cotasupderiv2/(12*n^2);
minnumpartesnecesarias:=evalf(solve(funcioncotaerror=err));
print("Para conseguir que el error sea menor que",err,"
tendremos que tomar n = numero de partes, como entero
inmediatamente superior a la solucin positiva obtenida");
/0
/0 $
$

/0

$*>B''

/0
L#

L" ''$" L

"
#

"

N
L

> trapezoid(f(x),x=0..Pi/3,10);
evalf(%);
$
B'

>

;'

=$

$
*

?>>@?*>>'?
!
> Int(sin(x),x=0..Pi/3)=int(sin(x),x=0..Pi/3);
$/;

=
'

*$

$
*

"

> 0.5-.4995429904;
'''?@C''>B
4

(=

@
?

$D'

> err:=0.00001;
deriv4:=unapply(diff(f(x),x$4),x);
cotasupderiv4:=maximize(abs(deriv4(x)),x,{x=evalf(a)..evalf(b
)});
funcioncotaerror:=(b-a)^5*cotasupderiv4/(180*n^4);
minnumpartesnecesarias:=evalf(solve(funcioncotaerror=err));
print("Para conseguir que el error sea menor que",err,"
tendremos que tomar n = numerodepartes,como entero
inmediatamente superior a la solucin real positiva obtenida
que sea PAR!!");
/0 ''''$
) /0
) /0 $
/0

B>>D?'''''
/0

L#

L" ''''$" L

"

N
QQ

#5%HHL
4

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0B

> simpson(f(x),x=a..b,6);
evalf(%);
$
@?

$
*

; +?

$D

=$

* $

@''''*@DC$
**

+*
=$

$
>

>
&

*;