3500years old Cover and letter made of CLAY from Sumeria

3500years old Cover and letter made of CLAY from Sumeria

Cover and letter on clay tablet with crunieform inscription of Akkadians,found in Sumerian region is
3500years old.Even in this time court Judgments were given in sealed cover,the Difference is Clay cover
and document are not of paper but of CLAY baked ofter writing and was signed by TWO JUDGES
BENCH,the the petitioners are nine village heads,with seals of Judges,an Museum collection[OIM]
This is the First example of writing,postal system,Judiciary,etc

The cuneiform script is one of the earliest known forms of written expression. Created by the Sumerian’s
from ca. 3000 BC, cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs. Over time, the pictorial
representations became simplified and more abstract.
The cuneiform writing system originated perhaps around 2800 BC in Sumer; its latest surviving use is
dated to 75 AD.
The cuneiform script underwent considerable changes over a period of more than two millennia.
Cuneiforms were written on clay tablets, on which symbols were drawn with a blunt reed called a stylus.
The impressions left by the stylus were wedge shaped, thus giving rise to the name cuneiform .
The Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite languages, and it
inspired the Old Persian and Ugaritic national alphabets.
The characters consist of arrangements of wedgelike strokes generally impressed with a stylus on wet clay
tablets, which were then dried or baked. The history of the script is strikingly parallel to that of the
Egyptian hieroglyphic The normal Babylonian and Assyrian writing used a large number (300–600) of
arbitrary cuneiform symbols for words and syllables; some had been originally pictographic. There was an
alphabetic system, too, making it possible to spell a word out, but because of the adaptation from
Sumerian, a different language, there were many ambiguities. A single symbol could be used to represent a
concept, an object, a simple sound or syllable, or to indicate the category of words requiring additional
definition. Cuneiform writing was used outside Mesopotamia also, notably in Elam and by the Hittites.
There are many undeciphered cuneiform inscriptions, apparently representing several different languages.
Cuneiform writing declined in use after the Persian conquest of Babylonia (539 B.C.), and after a brief
renaissance (3d–1st cent. B.C.) ceased to be used in Mesopotamia.

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 on September 19, 2008 at 2:19 pm Leave a Comment Edit This
Tags: akkadian, alexander, ancient coins, Ancient Science, ancientcoins, ancientscience, ANDHRA,
Astronomy, Banking, banknotes, BANKOFBENGAL, bengal, bible, bombay, buddhistscience, claycover,
clayletter, coins, Coins of BHUDDHA, Currency notes, echo sound, Epigraphy, farmans, firstwriting,
Forts, geography, gods, history, HISTORY OF BANKING, historyofhandloom,
Hyderabad.BHUDDHISM, India, indiastocknote1891, islamicscience, kingsalaryreciepts, Mathematics,
Metallurgy, moghul, monuments, musham, mythology, news, Numismatics, Philately, Playing Cards.
Stamps. Coins, postalcover, postalhistory, Pyretic, Rulers, satavahana, Science, Sciences, sculptures,
SealedcoverJudgement, SOUTH INDIA, speedoflight, stamps, sultanate, sumeriancover, Telugu cinema,
telugunews, teluguscience, TEMPLES, textiles, Vaastu, vedic literature, WONDERS

My Biodata,Hobbies,Research;
LIST OF RESEARCH PAPERS READ AT VARIOUS CONFRENCES.List of books under preparation.

M.DAMODHAR.RAO
musham@gmail.com
BlockNo30,1floor,
SanjevayyaNagarcolony,lane opp EXCELL APT
near siababa temple,police stn
WestMarredpally
secunderabad; AP;
PIN 500026;india;
Phone:91-040-27804112
MOBILE -9441816605;9247871966

Speciality :- Calculated velocity of light from Nannaya Maha Bharata, Banking History of early
India,ISLAMIC and HINDU ANCIENT SCIENCES,
Prime minister Shri.Rajiv Gandhi released book containing my paper ON ASTRONOMICAL BHISHMA
from RGVEDA.

Expert in Philately, Numismatics,and Epigraphy,Ancient Science,Pyretic, Metallurgy,

Astronomy,Vaastu,Mathematics and other technical sciences and geography.

Speciality :- Calculated velocity of light from Nannaya Maha Bharata, Banking History of early India.
Prime minister Shri.Rajiv Gandhi released book containing my paper

Hobbies :- Dxing, Culture of various countries.

Projects undertaken : Mythology on ancient coins and cultural link of god and goddesses
in various countries in Pouranic & classical period. Creation stories around the world.
Banking History of early India,ISLAMIC and HINDU ANCIENT SCIENCES,
List of books under preparation.
Now preparing series of articles and BOOKS ON Telugu cinema-history. History of Hyderabad,Playing
Cards. Stamps. Coins, Currency notes ,HISTORY OF BANKING ,Rulers of India, Sciences in vedic
literature. Doing research on echo sounding mechanism at Golconda Fort Hyderabad.BHUDDHISM IN
SOUTH INDIA WITH LINKS OF SOUTH EAST ASIA ,Coins of BHUDDHA,Historyof
PADMASHALI,weavers aroundthe world with 5000years old weavers photo etc,
Banking from 1680AD to 1890AD,BANK OF BENGAL 1812-1865AD,History of Money from 6000
years,
TEMPLES OG ANDHRA ITS WONDERS, ETC

Training Capacity :- Taught an 3 yrs boy to Identify countries like Nauru, Kiribati on an
world map and match it with stamps an unique feat by virtue of this the boy is going to
enter into Limca book of records and Guinnes records for more info see M.ADARSH
section.

Ancient SCIENCE from VEDAS ,Mahabarata,ASWA sastra on horses, from ancient india
KADGALAXANA,ASTRONOMY dates of events such as BIRTH and death of BUDDHA,and stars
position during that time and of various personalities upto 500BC and till 500AD,any info on this, ask for
my blog links for this .

YOUDEHA =FIRST DEMOCRACY IN INDIA ” YOUDEHA GANASYA JAYA’

CLAY SEALS OR COIN DIE BY WHICH Youdeha COINS ARE MADE BY,
Not EASILY available now,CLAY COINDIE RARE

Ask for any paper relating to history of ALL ASIAN INDIAN BANKS AS I AM DOING RESEARCH on
this, writing book on unknown banks eg; Agra ,Salem,Bengal,Imperial bank,pvt bankers from 1700AD
plus
postal history and stationary autographed letters of kings,used post cards,themetic cancelled postal
items,REGD COVERS W/CENSOR 1895 TO 1925

Language I can read :- Brahmi. Grandhi style of Telugu, Kharosti, Classical Devanagari.
Kannada, Telugu, Hindi, English and Sanskrit.

Numbers :- I can Identify numbers of almost all languages in the world and various
periods of Indian subcontinent in all Indian vernacular languages, which is very
important in comparing historical dates.

Secretary :- (1) Asian Numismatic society.

(2) Academy of Ancient Technical Sciences.
Identification :- Can give details of any coin, note, document, stamps, and covers from
any period of the world.
Valuation: – Can value any of above described items with a brief history about item.
Brief List of research Papers :-

1. FIRST ARTICLE Published February 1978 on RADIO Dxing in ELECTRONIC HOBBYIST

Magazine.
2. FIRST TELEVISION INTERVIEW on 16 MAY 1980 on TV Dxing Long
distance television reception.[when only one TV station was seen in initial stage,in INDIA.

3. RADIO Programmes based on my idea were broadcasted from Radio Stations of

the following Countries. HUNGARY, ROMANIA. GDR, USSR, AUSTRAILIA,
SEYCHELLES, PHILIPINES,Voice of America,
America,BBC,tashkent,kiev,twr,GDR<FRG,Romania,Poland,Sweden,Norway ,Neterlands etc

4. SEMINAR at PUNE'S FERGUSON COLLEGE on 31 May 1986

ARMAMENTS IN INDIA THROUGH AGES
Chief Guest. Shri. P. V.NARASIMHA RAO
Minister for Human Resourses Development.
Vice Chancellor Dr.V.G.BHIDE presided over the function.

Papers read were on : 1. Weapons of Bharadwaja Vimana Shastra

2. Models of Ancient Aeroplanes around the world.

5. B.M.BIRLA PLANETORIUM. HYDERABAD : All India Seminar on 29 Jan '87

ANCIENT INDIAN ASTRONOMY
Chief Guasts were. Smt.KUMUDBHEN JOSHI, GOVERNER OF A.P.
Shri.G.NARAYANA RAO, SPEAKER OF A.P.ASSEMBLY
Paper was on Astronomical Bhishma this and other papers were released in book form by PRIME
MINISTER Shri RAJIV GHANDHI at hyderabad.

6. THE ASIATIC SOCIETY AND RAMAKRISHNA MISSION, CALCUTTA 19 May '87 Seminar on
ASTRONOMY & MATHEMATICS OF ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL INDIA
Paper was on ANCIENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT VELOCITY OF LIGHT.

7. ANDHRA PRADESH ORIENTAL CONFERENCE at Public Gardens. Indira

Priyadarshini Auditorium, Hyderabad.
Chief Guest. Sri.Devuiapally Ramanuja Rao President Andhra SaraswataParishat. Proof.T.DONAPPA
Vice Chancellor.
Paper on Iron Pillars in Ancient India.
8. DHARMA SAMMELAN. TIRUPATI 9-11 Jan '88
DISCUSSIONS on Vedas and modem science.
Talk on ANCIENT TECHNICAL SCIECNES.
Chief Guests were. Shri.G.N.Reddy Vice Chancellor, S.V.University Kanchi
Shankaracharya,TTD., Newspaper Editors etc.

9. Prime minister Shri.Rajiv Gandhi released book containing one of my paper .

Prizes Won :- Special prizes were given at various exhibitions, seminars, and
conferences which is a very big list.
MY NUMISMATIC PHILATELIC BLOGS see http;www.musham.wordpress.com
SEE THIS BLOG for more info list of coins bank notes and other links
http://philanumiscom.blogspot.com/
http://indianbanknotes.blogspot.com

http://ancientindianscience.wordpress.com

http://musham.wordpress.com, good covers all see 3200years old CLAY cover & letter,

Musham Damodhar NDTV interview

http://mushamworld.blogspot.com/

http://indiantextiles.sampasite.com

http://islamicscience.vox.com/

http://ancientcoins.sampa.com`

http://historyofplayingcards.wordpress.com/

MY hobbies
Philately, Numismatics,Epigraphy,Ancient
Science,Pyretics,Metallurgy,Astronomy,Vaastu,Mathematics,geography,Mythology,ancient coins,
gods,Telugu cinema,HISTORY OF Playing Cards. Stamps. Coins, Currency notes ,HISTORY OF
BANKING ,Rulers,India,Sciences,vedic literature,echo sound,Forts,Hyderabad.BHUDDHISM,SOUTH
INDIA,satavahana,Coins of BHUDDHA,Banking,BANK OF
BENGAL,TEMPLES,ANDHRA,WONDERS, radio DXING collect QSLcards,history of handloom
textiles,Islamic science from QURAN and others texts of 10 Century AD onwards,
coins,postalhistory,banknotes,alexander,bible,Quran,hindu,moghul,mythology,ancientscience,speedoflight,
gods,sultanate,indiastocknote1891,bombay,bengal,farmans,kingsalaryreciepts,ancientcoins,

coins,postalhistory,banknotes,alexander,bible,moghul,sultanate,indiastocknote1891,bombay,bengal,farman
s,kingsalaryreciepts,ancientcoins,mythology,ancientscience,speedoflight,gods,

Philately, Numismatics,Epigraphy,Ancient Science,Pyretic,

Metallurgy,Astronomy,Vaastu,Mathematics,geography,Mythology,ancient coins, gods,Telugu
cinema,Playing Cards. Stamps. Coins, Currency notes ,HISTORY OF BANKING
,Rulers,India,Sciences,vedic literature,echo sound,Forts,Hyderabad.BHUDDHISM,SOUTH
INDIA,satavahana,Coins of BHUDDHA,history of handloom textiles,
Banking,BANK OF BENGAL,TEMPLES,ANDHRA,WONDERS,
See flat wall type front for AEROPLANE,Rustproof Ironpillar of 400AD
watermachine bow shooting as by arjuna,FUNNY here KRISHNA shoots arrow seeing in water,Hally
comet described in hidu astronomical textbooks,bhutan vastu,ASHWAGHOSA in combodian
stamp,Egyptian link with indian scriptures,son the list goes on here are the proofs on official govt issued
postal stamps,which no one can challenge.
KRISHNA SHOOTING MATYSAYANTRA ANY ONE CAN BELIEVE,YES SEE IT ON THE STAMP
OF INDIAN POSTS

Published in:

• A. P.
• BIO-DATA
• RARE items
• buddhism
• history
• indian banknotes
• stamps
• telugu
• weavers

on September 12, 2009 at 11:21 pm Leave a Comment Edit This

Tags: ANDHRA, Banking, BANKOFBENGAL, BHUDDHA, bhuddism in india, buddha, coins, history,
historyofhandloom, indian banknotes, indianbanknotes, monuments, news, Science, sculptures, stamps,
telugunews, teluguscience, TEMPLES, textiles, WONDERS

Telugu Language Origion story,from 200 AD

Telugu is a Dravidian language (South-Central Dravidian languages) mostly spoken in the Indian state of
Andhra Pradesh, where it is the official language. Including non-native speakers it is the most spoken
Dravidian language,[1] the second most spoken language in India after Hindi, and the third most spoken
language in the Indian sub-continent after Hindi and Bengali. It is one of the twenty-two official languages
of the Republic of India. It is widely spoken in Andhra Pradesh and also spoken in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Orissa, and Pondicherry, with major populations in Bengaluru and Chennai, though the dialects spoken in
these places vary greatly from the standard version of the language,Telugu is one of the fifteen most
widely spoken languages in the world.
Telugu is second largest spoken language after hindi.
Telugu originated from the proto-Dravidian language, belonging to the south-central family. Though
Telugu belongs to the South-central Dravidian language subfamily, whose members originated from the
Proto-Dravidian spoken in the central part of the Deccan plateau it is a highly sanskritized language. Other
languages of the South-Central group include the Gondi, Konda, Kui and Kuvi languages. Inscriptions
containing Telugu words dated back to 400 BCE were discovered in Bhattiprolu in Guntur district. English
translation of one inscription reads: “Gift of the slab by venerable Midikilayakha
The etymology of Telugu is not known for certain. It is explained as being derived from trilinga, as in
Trilinga Desa, “the country of the three lingas”. According to a Hindu legend, Trilinga Desa is the land in
between three Shiva temples namely Kalahasthi, Srisailam and Draksharamam. Trilinga Desa forms the
traditional boundaries of the Telugu region. Other forms of the word, such as Telunga, Telinga, Telangana
and Tenunga were also seen. It is also said that Trilinga, in the form “Triliggon” occurs in Ptolemy as the
name of a locality to the east of the Ganga river. Other scholars compare Trilinga with other local names
mentioned by Pliny, such as Bolingae, Maccocalingae, and Modogalingam. The latter name is given as that
of an island in the Ganges. A.D. Campbell, in the introduction to his Telugu grammar, suggested that
Modogalingam may be explained as a Telugu translation of Trilingam, and compared the first part of the
word modoga, with mUDuga, a poetical form for Telugu mUDu, three. Bishop Caldwell, on the other
hand, explained Modogalingam as representing a Telugu mUDugalingam, the three Kalingas, a local name
which occurs in Sanskrit inscriptions and one of the Puranas. Kalinga occurs in the Ashoka Inscriptions,
and in the form Kling, it has become, in the Malay country, the common word for the people of
Continental India.

the word is derived from talaing, who were chiefs who conquered the Andhra region. M.R. Shastri is of the
opinion that it is from telunga, an amalgamation of the Gondi words telu, meaning “white”, and the
pluralization -unga, probably referring to white or fair-skinned people. the word could be derived from
tenungu meaning “people of the South”.

The ancient name for telugu land seems to be telinga/telanga desa. It seems probable that the base of this
word is teli, and that -nga, or gu is the common Dravidian formative element. A base teli occurs in Telugu
teli, bright; teliyuTa, to perceive, etc. However, this etymology is contested. Telugu pandits commonly
state Tenugu to be the proper form of the word, and explain this as the ‘mellifluous language’ from tene or
honey. However, this claim does not appear to be supported by scholarly opinion. The word Kalinga might
be derived from the same base as Telugu kaluguTa, to live to exist, and would then simply mean ‘human

Telugu is the Second largest spoken language in the country after Hindi.

Published in:

• A. P.
 • Dance
• history
• stamps
• telugu

on at 11:17 pm Leave a Comment Edit This

Tags: bhuddism in india, buddha, coins, history, monuments, musham, Science, sculptures, stamps,
telugunews, TEMPLES

SHIVA KESHAVA COIN

Hinduism is a combination of secular and sacred beliefs, rituals, daily practices and traditions that has
evolved over the course of over two thousand years and embodies complex symbolism combining the
natural world with philosophy. Hindu temples began as simple shrines housing a deity and by the time of
the Hoysalas had evolved into well articulated edifices in which worshippers sought transcendence of the
daily world. Hoysala temples were not limited to any specific organised tradition of Hinduism and
encouraged pilgrims of different Hindu devotional movements. The Hoysalas usually dedicated their
temples to Lord Shiva or to Lord Vishnu (two of the major Hindu gods), but they occasionally chose a
different deity. Worshippers of Shiva are called Shaivas or Lingayats and worshippers of Vishnu are called
Vaishnavas. While King Vishnuvardhana and his descendants were Vaishnava by faith, records show that
the Hoysalas maintained religious harmony by building as many temples dedicated to Shiva as they did to
Vishnu.[3] Most of these temples have secular features with broad themes depicted in their sculptures. This
can be seen in the famous Chennakesava Temple at Belur dedicated to Vishnu and in the Hoysaleswara
temple at Halebidu dedicated to Shiva. The Kesava temple at Somanathapura is different in that its
ornamentation is strictly Vaishnavan. Generally Vaishnava temples are dedicated to Keshava (or to
Chennakeshava, meaning “Beautiful Vishnu”) while a small number are dedicated to Lakshminarayana
and Lakshminarasimha (Narayana and Narasimha both being avatars, or physical manifestations, of
Vishnu) with Lakshmi, consort of Vishnu, seated at his feet. Temples dedicated to Vishnu are always
named after the deity. The Shaiva temples have a Shiva linga, symbol of fertility and the universal symbol
of Shiva, in the shrine. The names of Shiva temples can end with the suffix eshwara meaning “Lord of”.
The name “Hoysaleswara”, for instance, means “Lord of Hoysala”. The temple can also be named after the
devotee who commissioned the construction of the temple, an example being the Bucesvara temple at
Koravangala, named after the devotee Buci.[5] The most striking sculptural decorations are the horizontal
rows of exquisitely detailed, intricately carved images of gods, goddesses and their attendants on the outer
temple wall panels. The Doddagaddavalli Lakshmi Devi (“Goddess of Wealth”) Temple is an exception as
it is dedicated to neither Vishnu nor Shiva. The defeat of the Jain Western Ganga Dynasty (of present-day
south Karnataka) by the Cholas in the early 11th century and the rising numbers of followers of Vaishnava
Hinduism and Virashaivism in the 12th century was mirrored by a decreased interest in Jainism.However,
two notable locations of Jain worship in the Hoysala territory were Shravanabelagola and Kambadahalli.
The Hoysalas built Jain temples to satisfy the needs of its Jain population, a few of which have survived in
Halebidu containing icons of Jain tirthankaras. They constructed stepped wells called Pushkarni or
Kalyani, the ornate tank at Hulikere being an example. The tank has twelve minor shrines containing
Hindu deities. contd part II for more info mail to musham3@gmail.com
HAVE A LOOK AT OTHER BLOG http://musham.wordpress.com,
MushamWORLD of AncientScience,Stamps,AcientCoins,PostalHistory,AncientTelugu,
Buddhist,Islamic,hindu,ancientscience,speed of
light,gods,Epigraphy,Pyretics,Astronomy,Vastu,Jyotish,Geography,Metallurgy,Vimanas

MushamWORLD of AncientScience,Stamps,AcientCoins,PostalHistory,AncientTelugu,

Published in:

• A. P.
• CHOLA south india
• ancient coins
• buddhism

on August 20, 2009 at 7:32 am Leave a Comment Edit This

Tags: AcientCoins, Ancient Science, AncientTelugu, MushamWORLD, postalhistory, stamps

RARE UNKNOWN NATION BANK FROM BALTICS

FOR SALE DETAILS CONTACT MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM

Published in:

• NEW NATION
• RARE items
• banknotes

on August 14, 2009 at 3:21 pm Leave a Comment Edit This

2 LITA BANK NOTE FOR EXCHANGE TOO!

MAIL FOR DETAILS MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM

Published in:

• NEW NATION
• RARE items
• banknotes

on at 3:17 pm Comments (1) Edit This

MAP WITH RUSSIA BORDER for new nation

Published in:

• Blog LINKS
• MAPS
• NEW NATION
• RARE items
• banknotes
• history

on at 3:13 pm Leave a Comment Edit This

BALTIC BANK NOTES ZAMAITIJA

Published in:

• Blog LINKS
• Byzantine cup shape coin
• MAPS
• NEW NATION
• banknotes
• history

on at 3:08 pm Leave a Comment Edit This

Tags: ancient coins, Ancient FLAGS, ancient indian coins, Armenians, bimetal coins, british india
banknotes, byzantine coins, Byzantine Empire, byzantine flag, chola coins, COAT of ARMS of
DYNASTY, coins exchange, Constantinople, cup shape coins, danish india coins, dutch india coins,
exchange of banknotes, farmans, firman, french india coins, greeks, iksvaku coins, indian ancient coins,
indian banknotes, indian coins, jesus on coin, king with cross, lead coins, Mythology on COINS, new
nation banknote, New Rome, numis phil india, OTTOMAN, pondicherry coins, RARE SHAPE COINS,
republic india, roman coins, roman empire, SAMOGITIA, satavahana coins, stamps exchange, sultanate
coins, world banknotes, zemaitija.

NEW NATION OF LITHUANAIA,BALTIC

Published in:

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• NEW NATION
• history

on at 3:04 pm Leave a Comment Edit This

SadanaShurulu greatness of PADMASHALI’s

Saadhana Soorulu Folk Arts

1]Saadhana Soorulu are those who, with a lot of devotion and concentration, learn magic or Indrajala and
give performances in the art of magic. They are known to produce miracles and shock their audiences.
They belong to the Padmashali community are dependent on the weavers in this community with whose
permission they give performances. The team performing this art form consists of six men. They go around
villages throughout the year and give magic performances. They stay for five or six days in a village.

Performances are given in open places where there is scope for a good gathering. They are arranged during
daytime only. No make-up is necessary for this performance. A few of these performances are detailed
below. Four poles are fixed in the place of the performance. A man is tied to a pole with rope and
completely covered with cloth.
When the cover is removed, the man tied to one pole is made to appear at another pole. Another item in the
performance is what is known as Agnisthambhana. This is done by fixing a stout needle on the head of a
man. A shallow vessel is placed on the other end of’ the needle with a flame under the vessel. Rotis are
baked on the vessel after this. Another magic performance is known as Jalasthambhana. In this they show a
person drinking water with his mouth and letting the water out through his ears and nose.

Yet another is Vayusthambhana. This is done by making ones body light, controlling breathing and then
weighing the body on a light scale. By doing such magical acts, Saadhana Soorulu continue their
performance for about three hours. They have Katladi (right for collection) with the Padmashali
community. Performance is their main source of livelihood.
Sadahanasuroolu are depicted at bottom of 500 rial note on Cambodian[next to Vietnam] currency cut
bottom panel to get good view

Great Padmashali,SADANASHURULU

Published in:

• on July 31, 2009 at 8:48 am Leave a Comment Edit This

Tags: musham BIO-DATA,Blog LINKS,CHOLA south india,Dance,KHADHI history,RARE
items,buddhism,congress,history,indian banknotes,
• weavers history,AICC, ananda bhaskar rapolu, AP PCC, AP PCC campaigning committee member,
banknotes collector, banknotes of khadi, birth of congress party, born at adyar, british india
banknotes, camboja kings helped padmashalis, charka on banknote, charka stamp, coins, coins
collector, coins of congress party leaders, congress, congress born atadyar, congress party, congress
party history, congressparty, congresspartyhistory, D sriniwas, DS, farmans, FDC of congress
leaders, firman, gandhi, indian ancient coins, indian banknotes, indira congress, indiragandhi,
kamala nehru, KVP, kvp ramchandra rao, Mahatma Gandhi, motilal nehru, musham, musham
damodhar, musham damodhar rao, nehru, numis phil india, numisphilindia, Padmashali,
padmashali kin on kampuchea banknotes, padmashali magicians, PCC, PCC campaign commitee
member AP, photos of congress party leaders, places of delhi, postalhistory, presidents, priyanka
gandhi, rahul gandhi, rajghat FDC, rajghat on FDC, Rajiv gandhi, Rajivgandhi, republic india
coins, sadanashurulu, sadanashurulu on combodia banknotes, salt satyagraha, satyagraha,
satyagraha before gandhi, satyagraha before gandhiji, sonia gandhi, soniagandhi, stamps, stamps of
 congress party leaders, stamps of gandhi, stamps of indira gandhi, stamps of nehru, stamps of rajiv
gandhi, stamps on khadi, sultanatecoins, weavers, Y S Rajsekarreddy, YSR, A. P.
• BIO-DATA
• Blog LINKS
• CHOLA south india
• Dance
• KHADHI history
• RARE items
• buddhism
• congress
• history
• indian banknotes
• weavers

Process of weaving now

WEAVING. The process of weaving consists in interlacing, at right angles, two or more series of flexible
materials, of which the longitudinal are called warp and the transverse weft. Weaving, therefore, only
embraces one section of the textile industry, for felted, plaited, netted, hosiery and lace fabrics lie outside
this definition. Felting consists in bringing masses of loose fibres, such as wool and hair, under the
combined influences of heat, moisture and friction, when they become firmly inter – locked in every
direction. Plaited fabrics have only one series of threads interlaced, and those at other than right angles. In
nets all threads are held in their appointed places by knots, which are tied wherever one thread intersects
another. Hosiery fabrics, whether made from one or many threads, are held together by intersecting a series
of loops; while lace fabrics are formed by passing one set of threads between and round small groups of a
second set of threads, instead of moving them from side to side. Notwithstanding the foregoing limitations,
woven fabrics are varied in texture and have an enormous range of application. The demands made by
prehistoric man for fabrics designed for clothing and shelter were few and simple, and these were
fashioned by interlacing strips of fibrous material and grasses, which in their natural condition were long
enough for the purpose in hand. But, as he passed from a state of savagery into a civilized being, his needs
developed with his culture, and those needs are still extending. It no longer suffices to minister to
individual necessities; luxury, commerce and numerous industries must also be considered.

The invention of spinning gave a great impetus to the introduction of varied effects previously; the use of
multicoloured threads provided ornament for simple structures, but the demand for variety extended far
beyond the limits of colour, and different materials were employed either separately or conjointly, together
with different schemes of interlacing. Eventually the weaver was called upon to furnish articles possessing
lustre, softness and delicacy; or those that combine strength and durability with diverse colourings, with a
snowy whiteness, or with elaborate ornamentation. In cold countries a demand arose for warm clothing,
and in hot ones for cooler materials; while commerce and industry have requisitioned fabrics that vary
from normal characteristics to those that exceed an inch in thickness. In order to meet these and other
requirements the world has been searched for suitable raw materials. From the animal kingdom, wool, hair,
fur, feathers, silk and the pinna fibre have long been procured. From the vegetable kingdom, cotton, flax,
hemp, jute, ramie and a host of other less known but almost equally valuable materials are derived.
Amongst minerals there are gold, silver, copper, brass, iron, glass and asbestos. In addition, strips of paper,
or skin, in the plain, gilt, silvered and painted con – ditions are available as well as artificial fibres. All of
the fore – going may be used alone or in combination.

The process of weaving

Published in:

• A. P.
• KHADHI history
• congress
• history
• weavers

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