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SYNOPSIS
In this project we are fabricate the cam vice. It works in the principle
or eccentric cam mechanism. The main features of the cam vice are
promotes mass production, can hold irregular jobs, more rigidity, reduce
fatigue, etc. Cam was designed to hold the job at high pressure. The other
parts were designed to hold the job in rigid condition. Cam vice is suitable
for mass production. It is possible to hold irregular components also, and
similar components can be very quickly.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Cam vice is one of the clamping devices used to hold the job in rigid
condition. Cam vice is operated by eccentric cam mechanism. There is a
cam lever. The job can be held tightly in between the jaw. In this, first the
job is place in between jaws, and movable jaw is adjusted by adjusting the
screw rod to maintain according to the eccentricity of the cam with cam
profile. After that, cam lever at the top is operated so that the job is held
tightly in the fixture.
This type of fixture is useful for mass production where only similar
size of jobs is to be held. It reduces operators fatigue and also reduces
stetting time and cost of production.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
TYPES OF VISES
Without qualification, "vise" usually refers to a bench vise with flat, parallel
jaws, attached to a workbench.
* A woodworker's bench vise is a more or less integral part of the bench.
* An engineer's bench vise is bolted onto the top of the bench.
Other kinds of vise include:
* hand vises (hand-held),
* machine vises - drill vises (lie flat on a drill press bed). Vises of the
same general form are used also on milling machines and grinding
machines.
* compound slide vises are more complex machine vises. They allow
speed and precision in the placement of the work.
* cross vises, which can be adjusted using leadscrews in the X and Y axes;
these are useful if many holes need to be drilled in the same workpiece using
a drill press. Compare router table.
* off-center vises,
* angle vises,
* sine vises, which use solving triangles and gauge blocks to set up a
highly accurate angle,
* rotary vises,
* diemakers' vises,
* table vises,
* pin vises (for holding thin, long cylindrical objects by one end),
* jewellers' vises and by contrast,
* leg vises, which are attached to a bench but also supported from the
ground so as to be stable under the very heavy use imposed by a
blacksmith's work.
WOODWORKING VISES
For woodworking, the jaws are made of wood, plastic or from metal,
in the latter case they are usually faced with wood to avoid marring the work
piece. The top edges of the jaws are typically brought flush with the bench
top by the extension of the wooden face above the top of the iron moveable
jaw. This jaw may include a dog hole to hold a bench dog. In modern metal
woodworkers' vises, a split nut is often used. The nut in which the screw
turns is in two parts so that, by means of a lever, it can be removed from the
screw and the moveable jaw can be quickly slid into a suitable position at
which point the nut is again closed onto the screw so that the vise may be
closed firmly onto the work.
METALWORKERS' VISES
For metalworking, the jaws are made of metal which may be hardened
steel with a coarse gripping finish. Quick change removable soft jaws are
being used more frequently to accommodate fast change-over on set-ups.
They are also kept for use where appropriate, to protect the work from
damage.
Metalworking bench vises, known as engineers' or fitters' vises, are
bolted onto the top surface of the bench with the face of the fixed jaws just
forward of the front edge of the bench. The bench height should be such that
the top of the vise jaws is at or just below the elbow height of the user when
standing upright. Where several people use the one vise, this is a good guide.
The nut in which the screw turns may be split so that, by means of a
lever, it can be removed from the screw and the screw and moveable jaw
quickly slid into a suitable position at which point the nut is again closed
onto the screw. Many fitters prefer to use the greater precision available
from a plain screw vise. The vise may include other features such as a small
anvil on the back of its body.
Vise screws are usually either of an Acme thread form or a buttress
thread. Those with a quick-release nut use a buttress thread.
METALWORKING VISES IN MACHINE SHOPS
In high production machine work, work must be held in the same
location with great accuracy, so CNC machines may perform operations on
an array of vises. To assist this, there are several machine-shop specific vises
and vise accessories.
Hard and soft machine jaws have a very important difference between
other metalworking vise jaws. The jaws are precision ground to a very flat
and smooth surface for accuracy. These rely on mechanical pressure for
gripping, instead of a rough surface. An unskilled operator has the tendency
to over-tighten jaws, leading to part deformation and error in the finished
workpiece. The jaws themselves come in a variety of hard and soft jaw
profiles, for various work needs. One can purchase machinable soft jaws,
and mill the profile of the part into them to speed part set-up and eliminate
measurement. This is most commonly done in gang operations, discussed
below. For rectangular parts being worked at 45 degree angles, prismatic
hard jaws exist with V grooves cut into them to hold the part. Some vises
have a hydraulic or pneumatic screw, making setup not only faster, but more
accurate as human error is reduced.
For large parts, an array of regular machine vises may be set up to
hold a part that is too long for one vise to hold. The vises' fixed jaws are
aligned by means of a dial indicator so that there is a common reference
plane for the CNC machine.
For multiple parts, several options exist, and all machine vise
manufacturers have lines of vises available for high production work.
* The first step is a two clamp vise, where the fixed jaw is in the center of
the vise and movable jaws ride on the same screw to the outside.
* The next step up is the modular vise. Modular vises can be arranged and
bolted together in a grid, with no space between them. This allows the
greatest density of vises on a given work surface. This style vise also comes
in a two clamp variety.
* Tower vises are vertical vises used in horizontal machining centers.
They have one vise per side, and come in single or dual clamping station
varieties. A dual clamping tower vise, for example, will hold eight relatively
large parts without the need for a tool change.
* Tombstone fixtures follow the same theory as a tower vise. Tombstones
allow four surfaces of vises to be worked on one rotary table pallet. A
tombstone is a large, accurate, hardened block of metal that is bolted to the
CNC pallet. The surface of the tombstone has holes to accommodate
modular vises across all four faces on a pallet that can rotate to expose those
faces to the machine spindle.
* New work holding fixtures are becoming available for five-axis
machining centers. These specialty vises allow the machine to work on
CHAPTER III
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
CHAPTER III
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
3.1. CAM
A cam is a projecting part of a rotating wheel or shaft that strikes a
lever at one or more points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple
tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example,
or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating
(back and forth) motion in the follower which is a lever making contact with
the cam.
The reason the cam acts as a lever is because the hole is not directly in
the centre, therefore moving the cam rather than just spinning. On the other
hand, some cams are made with a hole exactly in the centre and their sides
act as cams to move the levers touching them to move up and down or to go
back and forth.
3.4. LEVER
The lever is used to lock and unlock the cam arrangements in this
device. The liver is an easily operateable device in this equipment.
3.5. HANDLE
The handle is used to adjust operate the lead screw in this equipment.
The handle is fixed one corner of the lead screw.
CHAPTER IV
DESIGN AND DRAWING
CHAPTER IV
DESIGN AND DRAWING
CHAPTER V
WORKING PRINCIPLE
CHAPTER V
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The cam vice consists of fixed jaw, moving jaw, lever, lead screw,
handle, cam mechanism and frame stand. The fixed jaw is fixed on the
frame. The moving jaw is arranged parallel through the fixed jaw. The cam
arrangement is placed before the moving jaw. The cam arrangement consists
of lever. The after the cam arrangement the lead screw is arranged. The lead
screw is used to adjust the cam arrangement in the equipment. The main
purpose of the cam vice is used to clamp and unclamp the same size
specimens on it. This vice is used in mass production. The specimen is
placed between the fixed jaw and moving jaw, and then the cam lever is
operated by manually. The specimen is clamped at a perfect stage, and then
the lead screw is used to fit the correct area in the cam arrangement. Now we
can easily clamp and unclamp the same size of specimens in this equipment
very easily.
CHAPTER VI
MERITS & DEMERITS
CHAPTER VI
MERITS & DEMERITS
MERITS
Idle time of the machine is reduced
When compared with the mechanical vices, it continues less time for
clamping and unclamping the job
It reduces the clamping time
Hence, production rate is higher
DEMERITS
Limited size of specimens only clamped in this vice
CHAPTER VII
APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER VII
APPLICATIONS
Applicable in workshops
Applicable in small and medium scale industries
CHAPTER VIII
LIST OF MATERIALS
CHAPTER VIII
LIST OF MATERIALS
3. QUALITY REQUIRED
This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the
material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less
number of components which can be fabricated much more economically by
welding or hand forging the steel.
4. AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL
Some materials may be scarce or in short supply, it then becomes
obligatory for the designer to use some other material which though may not
be a perfect substitute for the material designed. The delivery of materials
and the delivery date of product should also be kept in mind.
5. SPACE CONSIDERATION
Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the
forces involved are high and space limitations are there.
6. COST
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material
plays an important part and should not be ignored.
Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and nonmaintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper
materials.
CHAPTER IX
COST ESTIMATION
CHAPTER IX
COST ESTIMATION
1. MATERIAL COST
2. LABOUR COST
Lathe, drilling, welding, drilling, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost
3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES
The overhead charges are arrived by manufacturing cost
Manufacturing Cost
Overhead Charges
4. TOTAL COST
Total cost
=
=
Total cost for this project =
CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION
This innovation has made the more desirable and economical. This
project DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF CAM VICE is designed with
the hope that it is very much economical and help full to workshops, small
and medium scale industries.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
-P.S.G.Tech.
PHOTOGRAPHY