PHYSICS

STAGE 2
FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS SHEET
2010

2010/30270
2010/29413[v4]

Copyright Curriculum Council 2010

Ref: 10-109

PHYSICS
STAGE 2

FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS SHEET

FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS SHEET

PHYSICS
STAGE 2

Forces and motion

Gravitational potential energy

s v+u
=
t
2
vu
; s = ut + 12 at 2 ; v 2 = u 2 + 2as ; v = u + at
a=
t
F = ma
F = mg
p = mv ; p before = p after
Ft = mv mu
E k = 12 mv 2
E p = mgh

Work done

W = Fs = E

Power

P=

Mean velocity
Equations of motion
Force
Weight force
Momentum
Change in momentum (impulse)
Kinetic energy

v av =

W E
=
= Fv av
t
t

Note: the variable t refers to the time taken sometimes referred to as the change in time or t
Particles
Activity
Half-life
Absorbed radiation dose
Dose equivalent
Mass-energy relationship
Change of temperature
Change of state
Absolute zero of temperature

N
t
n
A = A 0 (12 )
A=

E
m
dose equivalent = absorbed dose quality factor
E = mc 2
Q = mcT
Q = mL
0 K = 273 C
absorbed dose =

Electricity and magnetism

Electric current
Work and energy
Ohms law
Resistances in series
Resistances in parallel
Power

q
t
W = Vq = VIt
V = IR
R T = R 1 + R 2 + ...
1
1
1
=
+
+ ...
R T R1 R 2

I=

P=VI = I 2 R =

V2
R

PHYSICS
STAGE 2

FORMULAE AND CONSTANTS SHEET

Physical constants
Speed of light in vacuum or air ........................................ c
= 3.00 x 108 m s-1
Electron charge ................................................................ e
= -1.60 x 10-19 C
Electron volt................................................................. 1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 J
Unified atomic mass unit ................................................ 1 u
= 1.66 x 10-27 kg
Mass of electron ............................................................... me
= 9.11 x 10-31 kg
Mass of proton............................................................. mp
= 1.67 x 10-27 kg
Mass of neutron........................................................... mn
= 1.68 x 10-27 kg
Mass of alpha .............................................................. m
= 6.65 x 10-27 kg
Massenergy equivalent .................................................. 1 u
= 931 MeV
Tonne .......................................................................... 1 tonne =
103 kg = 106 g
Physical data
Mean acceleration due to gravity on Earth...................... g
Specific heat capacity of water ...................................... cw
Specific heat capacity of ice ........................................... ci
Specific heat capacity of steam ..................................... cs
Latent Heat of fusion for H20 .......................................... Lf
Latent heat of vaporisation for H20 ................................ Lv

=
=
=
=
=
=

9.80 m s-2
4.18 x 103 J kg-1 K-1
2.10 x 103 J kg-1 K-1
2.00 x 103 J kg-1 K-1
3.34 x 105 J kg-1
2.26 x 106 J kg-1

=
=
=
=
=

20
1
1
3
10

Quality factors
Approximate quality factor for alpha radiation ............. QF
Approximate quality factor for beta radiation ............... QF
Approximate quality factor for gamma radiation .......... QF
Approximate quality factor for slow neutrons .............. QFsn
Approximate quality factor for fast neutrons ................ QFfn
Prefixes of the metric system
Factor
10

12

10

10

103

Prefix
tera
giga

Symbol
T
G

Factor

Prefix

Symbol

10

-3

milli

10

-6

micro

-9

nano

pico

mega

10

kilo

10-12

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Carbon

6
C
12.01

Radium

Francium

Atomic Number
Symbol
Atomic Mass
Name

89
**Ac

88
Ra
226.0

87
Fr

Rutherfordium

104
Rf

Hafnium

** Actinide
Series

* Lanthanide
Series

Actinium

Lanthanum

92
U
238.0
Uranium

Praseodymium

91
Pa
Protactinium

Cerium

90
Th
232.0

Thorium

Neodymium

60
Nd
144.2

59
Pr
140.9

58
Ce
140.1

Bohrium

107
Bh

Rhenium

Seaborgium

106
Sg

Tungsten

Neptunium

Plutonium

94
Pu

Samarium

Promethium

93
Np

62
Sm
150.4

Meitnerium

109
Mt

Iridium

77
Ir
192.2

Rhodium

61
Pm

Hassium

108
Hs

Osmium

76
Os
190.2

Ruthenium

75
Re
186.2

Technetium

Dubnium

105
Db

Tantalum

74
W
183.9

Molybdenum

Americium

95
Am

Europium

63
Eu
152.0

Darmstadtium

110
Ds

Platinum

78
Pt
195.1

Palladium

Curium

96
Cm

Gadolinium

64
Gd
157.3

Roentgenium

111
Rg

Gold

79
Au
197.0

Silver

Berkelium

97
Bk

Terbium

65
Tb
158.9

Mercury

80
Hg
200.6

Cadmium

48
Cd
112.4

Zinc

Barium

73
Ta
180.9

Niobium

47
Ag
107.9

Copper

Caesium

72
Hf
178.5

Zirconium

46
Pd
106.4

Nickel

57
*La
138.9

45
Rh
102.9

Cobalt

Yttrium

44
Ru
101.1

Iron

43
Tc

Manganese

56
Ba
137.3

42
Mo
95.94

Chromium

Strontium

41
Nb
92.91

Vanadium

55
Cs
132.9

40
Zr
91.22

Titanium

Rubidium

30
Zn
65.38

39
Y
88.91

29
Cu
63.55

Scandium

28
Ni
58.69

38
Sr
87.62

27
Co
58.93

Calcium

26
Fe
55.85

37
Rb
85.47

25
Mn
54.94

Potassium

24
Cr
52.00

20
Ca
40.08

19
K
39.10

23
V
50.94

Magnesium

Sodium

22
Ti
47.88

12
Mg
24.31

11
Na
22.99

21
Sc
44.96

13
A
26.98

Beryllium

Lithium

Californium

98
Cf

Dysprosium

66
Dy
162.5

Thallium

81
T
204.4

Indium

49
In
114.8

Gallium

31
Ga
69.72

Aluminium

Boron

4
Be
9.012

3
Li
6.941

5
B
10.81

Einsteinium

99
Es

Holmium

67
Ho
164.9

Lead

82
Pb
207.2

50
Sn
118.7 Tin

Germanium

32
Ge
72.59

Silicon

14
Si
28.09

Carbon

6
C
12.01

Fermium

100
Fm

Erbium

68
Er
167.3

Bismuth

83
Bi
209.0

Antimony

51
Sb
121.8

Arsenic

33
As
74.92

Phosphorus

15
P
30.97

Nitrogen

7
N
14.01

Mendelevium

101
Md

Thulium

Nobelium

102
No

Ytterbium

70
Yb
173.0

Astatine

Polonium

69
Tm
168.9

85
At

Iodine

53
I
126.9

Bromine

35
Br
79.90

Chlorine

17
C
35.45

Fluorine

9
F
19.00

84
Po

Tellurium

52
Te
127.6

Selenium

34
Se
78.96

Sulfur

16
S
32.06

Oxygen

8
O
16.00

Lawrencium

103
Lr

Lutetium

71
Lu
175.0

Radon

86
Rn

Xenon

54
Xe
131.3

Krypton

36
Kr
83.80

Argon

18
Ar
39.95

Neon

10
Ne
20.18

Helium

Hydrogen

2
He
4.003

1
H
1.008

Periodic Table

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Curriculum Council, 2010
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