GMSK With GNU Radio

2015
GMSK Modulation
Author: Rakesh
Email id: rakesh@tenettech.com
What is Gnu radio?

GNU Radio is a software library, which can be used to develop complete applications for
radio engineering and signal processing.
Introduction
GNU Radio is a free and open-source software development toolkit that provides
signal processing blocks to implement software radios. It can be used with readilyavailable low-cost external RF hardware to create software-defined radios, or without
hardware in a simulation-like environment.
GNU Radio is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3. All of
the code is copyright of the Free Software Foundation. While all the applications are
implemented using python language while critical signal processing path is done using
C++ language.
Idea behind GNURADIO
The goal is to give ordinary software people the ability to 'hack' the electromagnetic
spectrum, i.e. to understand the radio spectrum and think of clever ways to use it.
Why GNURADIO
Instead of purchasing multiple expensive radios, a single generic radio can be
implemented using gnu radio software and with support of minimal hardware to receive
and transmit processed signal at required frequencies and any data type can be passed
from one block to another i.e.it can be in bits, bytes, vectors, bursts or more complex data
types
Since the performance critical blocks are implemented in C++ using processor floating
point extensions the developers are able to implement real-time, high-throughput radio
systems in a simple-to-use, rapid-application-development environment.
#9/3, Shree Lakshmi Complex, 2nd Floor, Opp. To Vivekananda Park, Girinagar, Bangalore - 560085.
Ph. No: 080-26722726, Website: www.tenettech.com, Email: info@tenettech.com
One can use it to write applications to receive data out of digital streams or to send data
into digital streams, which is then transmitted using hardware. GNU Radio has filters,
channel codes, synchronisation elements, equalizers, demodulators, vocoders, decoders,
and many other elements which are called as blocks that are typically found in radio
systems.
Features
The main features of gnu radio are flexibility and configurability.
Extending GNU Radio is also quite easy, if you find a specific block that is missing you
can quickly create and add it.
What is GMSK modulation?

Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying, or to give it its full title Gaussian filtered Minimum Shift
Keying, GMSK, is a form of modulation used in a variety of digital radio communications
systems. It has advantages of being able to carry digital modulation while still using the
spectrum efficiently. One of the problems with other forms of phase shift keying is that the
sidebands extend outwards from the main carrier and these can cause interference to other
radio communications systems using nearby channels.
In view of the efficient use of the spectrum in this way, GMSK modulation has been used in a
number of radio communications applications. Possibly the most widely used is the GSM
cellular technology which is used worldwide and has well over 3 billion subscribers.
Generating GMSK modulation
There are two main ways in which GMSK modulation can be generated. The most obvious way
is to filter the modulating signal using a Gaussian filter and then apply this to a frequency
modulator where the modulation index is set to 0.5. This method is very simple and
straightforward but it has the drawback that the modulation index must exactly equal 0.5. In
practice this analogue method is not suitable because component tolerances drift and cannot be
set exactly.
Generating GMSK using a Gaussian filter and VCO
A second method is more widely used. Here what is known as a quadrature modulator is used.
The term quadrature means that the phase of a signal is in quadrature or 90 degrees to another
one. The quadrature modulator uses one signal that is said to be in-phase and another that is in
quadrature to this. In view of the in-phase and quadrature elements this type of modulator is
often said to be an I-Q modulator. Using this type of modulator the modulation index can be
maintained at exactly 0.5 without the need for any settings or adjustments. This makes it much
easier to use, and capable of providing the required level of performance without the need for
adjustments. For demodulation the technique can be used in reverse.
Block diagram of I-Q modulator used to create GMSK
1) Implementation of GMSK modulation

The GNUradio Companion with basic blocks (Options block and Variable block)
Options block defines the ID, Title and Description of the experiment.
Variable Block defines to declare variables globally. This block maps a value to a unique
variable. This variable block has no graphical representation. The variable can be referenced
(by ID) from other blocks in the flowgraph.
o ID = samp_rate
o Value = 32000Hz
Random source: Generates samples of random number of [min,max) repeat samples if

specified.
o ID:analog_random_source_x_0
o Output type: Byte
o Number of samples: 1000
GMSK Mod: Hierarchical bock for gaussian minimum shift key modulation. The input is a
byte stream and the output is the complex modulated signal at baseband.
o ID: digital_gmsk_mod_0
o Samples/symol: 2
Throttel block: Throttel is a device that control the flow of samples such that average rate does
not exceeds samples/sec. Throttle is used because no hardware interface has done.
o ID: blocks_throttel_0
o Type: complex
o Vec length: 1
WX GUI scope sink: The WX GUI Scope sink is the destination block of the flow chart. This
block is used to view the time domain representation of the output. The simulation output of
the received signal is seen with this block.
o ID: wxgui_scopesink2_0
o Type: complex
The Complete block representation

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2015

What is Gnu radio?

What is GMSK modulation?

Generating GMSK using a Gaussian filter and VCO

Block diagram of I-Q modulator used to create GMSK

1) Implementation of GMSK modulation

Random source: Generates samples of random number of [min,max) repeat samples if

The Complete block representation

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