Liners and bases

Zinc oxide euganol

-Supplied as a powder and liquid.
NOTE Thin mixes having a low powder or liquid ratio should be avoided, since
they produce inferior properties.
-A 2 paste, impression paste, one of the non-elastic impression materials.
-Euganol is used to alleviate discomfort resulting from mild to moderate pulpal
inflammation.
-Currently, moderate-depth needs for a line or base are met with the use of a
resin-modified glass ionomer.
Composition
POWDER

Component
ZnO

Function
Primary reactive
ingredient
Zn acetate (1-5%)
Accelerator
LIQUID
Euganol
Primary reacting
Olive oil (5-15%)
To control viscosity
NOTE Some contain rosin/polystyrene resin reinforced ZnO.
MANIPULATION
-The cement is mixed by adding the powder in small increments to the liquid
unit; a thick consistency is obtained.
-The powder liquid ratio of between 4/1 and 6/1 by weight will give a suitable
material.
-A glass slab and stainless steel spatula are used.
SETTING REACTION
-Involves chelation of two euganol molecules with one Zn ion to form Zn
eugenolate.
-The reaction proceeds very slowly in the absence of moisture, when the setting
material contacts with water, setting is completed within a few seconds.
SETTING TIME DEPENDS ON:
-The powder; particle size, a finer powder can react rapidly.
-Presence of accelerators (Zn acetate).
-Powder (liquid ratio, a thicker mix gives a faster setting material).
-Water accelerates the reaction.
-Increase in temperature (mouth compared to room temperature) fastens the
reaction.
PROPERTIES
-Ph is near to 7; it has mild effect on the pulp.
-The euganol has palliative sedative effect on the pulp, decreasing post operative
sensitivity.
-Provides thermal and electrical insulation.
-Bactericidal effect.
-It is highly soluble in water + oral fluids, it hardens in the mouth in about 12hrs;
instructions should be given to the patient.

Ortho-ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA) cement

Component
Function
POWDER
ZnO (60%)
Primary reactive
Quartz (35%)
ingredient
Hydrogenayed rosin (5%) Reinforcing agents
LIQUID
EBA
Reactive ingredient
Euganol
NOTE EBA can be used for a longer time, compared with ZnO euganol.
EBA
-Higher powder/liquid ratio reinforcing filler.
-The set material is stronger than even reinforced one due to:
1- The higher powder/liquid ratio.
2- The presence of filler.
-The product has an ultimate compressive strength of 85MPa.
-Suitable cavity lining for amalgam condensation.

Uses of ZnO euganol cement

-Base + lining material.
-Temporary filling when treating large carious lesions.
-Looting cement for indirect restorations.
-Root canal sealant.
-Special products contain antibiotics, steroids; intra-canal medicamnts.
-Reinforced ZnO euganol cements are being used to provide the retrograde seal
during surgical endotontics.
NOTE Cataperca is used to fill root canal in RCT (complete removal of the pulp).
The spaces/gaps are sealed by root canal sealant.

Zn phosphate cements
COMPOSITION
POWDER

LIQUID

Component
ZnO
Other metallic oxides
Phosphoric acid
AlPO4
Zn3(PO4)2

Function
90% as a main active
ingredient
10%
59-60% concentration
Up to 10% As buffer
Stabilize pH

NOTE Encapsulated products are available.

NOTE Highly acidic never used as a liner.
MANIPULATIVE VARIABLES
-The powder liquid ratio depends on the application:
1- Lining; 3.5-1
2- Luting; more liquid mix.
NOTE Lowering the powder liquid ratio produces a weaker, more soluble + more
irritant material.
-The powder is best incorporated into the liquid in small increments until the
desired consistency is reached.
-Minimum setting time of 2-5 mins for luting cement, 2 mins for lining cements.
-Initial hardening occur within 4-7mins.
-Compressive strength 80MPa for luting cements, 140MPa for lining material;
strong material can withstand masticatory forces (strongest base material).
Zn PHOSPHATE CEMENT
-The freshly mixed cement is very irritant to the pulp (pH=2-4); so pulp should be
protected by a suitable liner.
-Good thermal insulator.
-Does not form chemical bond with enamel and dentine.
-Stronger than ZnO euganol.
-The set material is opaque (useful in X-rays), due to high concentration of
unreacted ZnO.
USES
1- Luting cements.
2- Base material when high strength is needed.

Zn polycarboxylate cement
-It is the first adhesive dental cement.
COMPOSITION
1- Powder ZnO + MgO
2- Liquid aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid (40%) large molecular size.
MANIPULATION
-The powder liquid ratio is a 2/3; 1 by weight.
-By using a glass slab, the powder is rapidly incorporated to the liquid + the
mixing should be completed within 30-40secs to thick consistency.
-The cement should be applied to a clean dry tooth surface as soon as possible,
otherwise poor adhesion will result.
PROPERTIES
-Is very little irritant to the pulp;
Polyacrylic acid is a very weak acid
The poly acid chain is too large + lack the mobility required to penetrate
dentinal tubules.
-Difficult to handle well in a clinical setting;
Tend to be rubbery during their setting
Adhere to stainless steel instrument (orthodontic)

-Has adhesive property to the enamel and dentine.

-More soluble in water than Zn phosphate cement.
-Almost as strong as phosphate materials in compression + stronger in tension.
-The set material is very opaque.