Experiment 1

Title: Introduction to Electrical Quantities

Objective:
The objective is to learn different electrical properties as current, voltage and
resistance.
To allow the student to read the color code of a resistor, including the tolerance,
methods to measure voltage, current and also the procedure to assembly
parallel/series circuits.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the session, the students should be able to measure and determine the value
of the resistor and the different of electrical properties (current, voltage and resistance).
Apparatus:
DC supplies
Digital multi-meter
Resistors 100, 220, 330, 470, 680, 1k, 2.2k and 3.3k
Theory:
1. Current: (i or I) is the flow of electric charge from one point to another, and it is
defined as the rate of movement of charge past a point along a conduction path
through a circuit.
ote:
Multimeter must be connected in series to the resistance (Refer Figure 1.0) in which
current is to be measured therefore it must be of very small resistance not to affect
the current passing in this resistance.

Figure 1.0:

Multimeter connected in series to the resistor to measure current

1

2. Voltage: (v or V) is the "potential difference" between two points, and it is defined as the
work, or energy, required moving a charge of one coulomb from one point to another.
The unit for voltage is the volt (V).

ote:
Multimeter must be connected in parallel to the resistance (Refer Figure 1.1) across
which voltage is to be measured.

Figure 1.1:

Multimeter connected in parallel to the resistor to measure voltage

3. Resistance: (R) is the "constant of proportionality" when the voltage across a circuit
element is a linear function of the current through the circuit element, or V = IR.
ote:
To measure the resistance, the resistance must be disconnected from the circuit in
which it lie in and then connected across the multimeter to measure its resistance.
ever measure the resistance when Power supply is O! (Refer Figure 1.2)

Figure 1.2:

Resistor connected across the multimeter to measure resistance

Breadboard and Wiring

Introduction:

Figure 1.3:

Breadboard

The surface of board is covered in pinholes into which you can insert wires or electric
component leads. Beneath the plastic surface, the holes are connected with a network of
metal tabs. But not all pinholes are connected together. Every row in each of the two main
columns is wired together. [Note: The rows are NOT connected across the column.] You can
also see a series of pinhole groups arranged in columns along the left and right sides of the
board. These are useful for wiring global signals and power supply voltages.

Figure 1.4:

Basic Wiring Combinations

Figure 1.5 shows 3 examples of series wiring and 2 examples of parallel wiring. The pinholes
where the component leads connect to the board are exaggerated with big circles.

Figure 1.5:

Example Uses of the Breadboard

These few examples show you the basics and give you enough knowledge to do the labs.
A few general points to remember when you begin wiring a circuit:

Try to use the breadboard to make connections, i.e. avoid the use of extra jumper
wire. Murphys law tells us that the more wire you use, the more likely you are to
make an error by shorting two wires or incorrectly wiring the circuit.

When you use extra jumper wire, keep it as short as possible.

Make the circuit on the breadboard look as much as possible like the schematic youre
implementing. The visual correspondence will help you differentiate the various
nodes

Methods:
1. Draw the breadboard wiring on the breadboard templates given (at page 7 in answer
script) for Figure 1.6, 1.7 and 1.8.

Figure 1.6:

Figure 1.7:

Series network

Parallel network

Figure 1.8: Series-Parallel network

School of Engineering
ID

:______________________________________

ame : _____________________________________
Batch : _____________________________________

MARKS

Lab Title
: Circuit Theory 1 / Circuit Analysis 1
Experiment 1 : Introduction to Electrical Quantities
Objectives:
1. The objective of this experiment is to learn different electrical properties as current,
voltage and resistance.
2. To allow the student to read the color code of a resistor, including the tolerance, methods
to measure voltage, current and also the procedure to assembly parallel/series circuits
Experiment Outcome:
At the end of the session, the students should be able to measure and determine the value of
the resistor and the different of electrical properties (current, voltage and resistance)
Equipment/Apparatus:
1. DC supplies
2. Digital multi-meter
3. Resistors 100, 220, 330, 470, 680, 1k, 2.2k and 3.3k
Safety Measures:

Breadboard and Wiring

Breadboard wiring connection for series network

Breadboard wiring connection for parallel network

Breadboard wiring connection for series-parallel network

7

Discussion:

Conclusion: