Eleutheropolis

Eliab

THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA

106

BIBLIOGRAPHY : Tristram, Natural History of the Bible, Lonwriter; lived at Frankfort-on-the-Mainat the end of
don, 1889; J. G. Woods, Bible Animals, Philadelphia, 1872;
the seventeenth century and the beginning of the
A. Pictet, Sur les Origines de Quclques Nomsde VElephant,
in Jour. Asiatique, Sept.-Oct., 1843; Lewysohn, Zoologieeighteenth.
des
Elhanan published in Judseo-German
Talmuds, pp. 148, 228, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1858; Bochart,
an ethical work, " Simhat ha-Nefesh " (Frankfort-onHierozoicon.
the-Main, 1707). The book enjoyed great popularH. H.E. G. H.
ity and was reprinted many times. The eminent
ELEUTHEROPOLIS : Greek name of a city woman preacher Vogele der Maggid frequently recalled " Bet Gubrin " in the Talmud and " Baito- ferred to the book, and Berthold Auerbach mentions
gabra" by Ptolemy. In the Old Testament the it in his " Dichter und Kaufmann " (ed. 1855, p. 54).
name can not be identified, but it probably occurs Twenty years later Elhanan published under the
in a corrupted form (see Josephus, " B. J." ed. Niese, same title a work containing poems and music
iv. 8, 1). From II Chron. xiv. 9 it is likely that (Furth, 1727). He occupied himself also with Bibthe city had no existence in ancient time. Later lical exegesis and published "Hiddushim," novellas
the Hebrew name came to the front as Bait Jibrin, on the Pentateuch (Offenbach, 1722).
a village with some ruins, twenty minutes to the
LIOGRAPHY: Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 920; Griinnorth of Merash, the old Maresah. The immediate BIB
baura, JUdiscli-Deutsche Chrestomathie, pp. 238 et seg.;
vicinity is rich in natural and artificial caverns. As
Michael, Or ha-Hayyim, p. 157, No. 46.
"horim" means "caverns" in Hebrew, and "hor"
K.
I. BR.
also signifies "free," the Greek name is founded on
E L H A N A N BEN ISAAC OF DAMa confusion of, or a conscious play upon, words.
PIERRE : Tosafistand liturgist; martyred in 1184
BIBLIOGRAPHY : Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine,
(Solomon Luria, Responsa, No. 29; see AZRIEL).
ii. 331 et seq. 010, 601; Pal. Explor. Fund Memoirs, Ho
ill. 237,
was on his grandmother's side a grand-nephew
206; Pal. Explor. Fund Quarterly Statement, 1879, p. 138;
of R. Jacob Tam. One of his pupils was Judah Sir
Neubauer, G. T. p. 122.'
E. G. II.
F. Bu.
Leon of Paris. It has been suggested that Elhanan
ELHA'IK, TJZZIEL : Rabbi and preacher in is identical with the Deodatus Episcopus of the
Tunis, of which place he was a native; died there English record (see Jacobs, "The Jews of Ange1812. lie left two works which were printed long vin England," p. 412). He has left numerous tosafter his death: one, "Mishkenot ha-Ro'im," Leg- afot, to which his father, who outlived him, added
horn, 1860, a collection of 1,499 responsa, relating glosses. Luzzatto speaks of his tosafot to 'Abodah
to the history of Tunisian Judaism during the sev- Zarah up to folio 61 of that tractate, and then makes
enteenth and eighteenth centuries; the other, "Hay- the following remark: "Here terminate the tosafot
yim wa-Hesed," ib. 1865, a series of twenty-two fu- of R. Elhanan b. Isaac of Dampierre; from here
neral orations delivered by Elha'ik on the deaths of onward are those of Judah b. Isaac of Brina."
The great authority of Elhanan is attested by
rabbis of Tunis (Caztis, "Notes Bibliographiques,"
Joseph Colon (Responsa, No. 52). Elhanan also
pp. 169-173, Tunis, 1893).
wrote: "Tikkun Tefillin," a casuistic treatise on the
s.
M. FR.
phylacteries, mentioned in Tos. to Ber. (60b) and in
ELHANAN ("God is gracious"): 1. Accord- Mordecai
Ketannot," 932); "Sodha-Tbing to II Sam. xxi. 19, R. V., the son of Jaare- bur," on ("Halakot
the intercalary days, mentioned in the
oregim, the Bethlehemite, who in a battle with the "Minhat Yehudah,"
section "Wayera"; Responsa,
Philistines at Gob killed Goliath, the Gittite. Ac- some of which are quoted
"Shibbole ha-Leket,"
cording to I Chron. xx. 5, he was the son of Jair, ch. i, and in Maimonides' in
ch. 4; sevand killed Lahmi, the brother of Goliath. The orig- eral " pizmonim " for the "Hafla'ah,"
eighth evening of Passinal traditions had it that the death of Goliath was over, which give the acrostic
brought about by Elhanan; but when David be- mentary to the Pentateuch. of his name; a comcame the central figure of heroic adventures it was
LIOGRAPHY: Gross, Gallia Judaica, pp. 165-168; idem, in
attributed to him instead, and to Elhanan was cred- BIB
Berliner's Magazin, iv. 191; Kaufmann, in Rev. Et. Juives.
ited the death of Lahmi, Goliath's brother. The
iv. 210-212, 221; Conforte, Kore ha-Dorot, 14a, 15b, 18a: Azulai, Shem ha-GedoHm, i., s.v.; S. D. Luzzatto, in Polak's
discrepancy is arbitrarily harmonized by the TarHalikot Kcdem, pp. 45, 46; Zunz, Z. G. pp. 34, 80; idem,
gum, which identifies Elhanan with David, and
Literaturgesch, pp. 287-288; idem, S. P. p. 249; Landshuth,
takes " oregim " literally as " who wove the curtains 'Ammude ha-'Abodah, p. 13; Michael. Or ha-Hayyim, pp.
157-158; Graetz, Hist. iii. 404; Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, p. 99.
for the Temple."
G.
M. SEL.
2. Another Bethlehemite, son of Dodo, and one
ELHANAN
BEN
ISSACHAR
KATZ:
Reof the " thirty" of David (II Sam. xxiii. 24 = I
ligious writer in Hebrew and Judseo-German; lived
Chron. xi. 26).
in the second half of the seventeenth century and at
E. G. H.
G. B. L.
the beginning of the eighteenth in Prossnitz, MoELHANAN BEN BEZALEL TJRI HEFEZ: ravia, where he was shammash, cantor, and sofer.
Polish scholar; lived in Posen in the sixteenth and He was the author of the following works: "Zotseventeenth centuries. He was the author of a Hanukka Bttchl," Judseo-German verses for the
work called "Kiryat Hannah," a commentary on Feast of Hanukkah, Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 1702;
Pirke Abot (Prague, 1612).
" Mar'eh le-Hitkashshet Bo," and the same in JudoeoBIBLIOGRAPHY : Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 920; Michael,German, under the title "Zierspiegel Anzuhangen
Or ha-Hayyim, p. 157.
an der Wand," ethical sentences, Dyhernfurth, 1693.
L. G.
M. SEL.
He translated into Judaeo-German the selihot of
ELHANAN HENDEL (HAENLE) BEN n"n D'O'SIES' (the eight weeks in which are read the
BENJAMIN WOLF KIRCHHAN: Ethical eight sections of Exodus from " Shemot" to " Tezaw-