EG2110 Power System Stability and Control

Project D2

Modal analysis and design of PSS

Your B-number

Load-flow results

Here you insert the single-line diagram of your test system where the direction of active
power through each line must be indicated by an arrow.
Fig 1. The test system

Based on the load-flow calculation results, fill in the table below

Bus #

Type of
Bus

PG (pu)

QG (pu)

PL (pu)

Here you give the admittance matrix of your system

Ybus

QL (pu)

U (pu)

(deg.)

Project
Introduction
In this project you will improve the damping of your system by installing PSS and tuning
their parameters based on modal analysis. Then, the performance of PSS will be shown by
simulating the system for a given fault. For simulation, the dynamic of the system is given
based on RNM.
Part 1
In this part, you are asked to answer the questions below only with your words (i.e. not a
copied text from the course textbook), equations and figures. All introduced symbols,
variables, matrices and equations must however be clearly explained and defined. No
numerical answers should be given in this part.
1) Let the generators be represented by one-axis model equipped with AVR, and
mp=mq=2 for the loads. Based on SPM, describe mathematically the dynamic of your
system.
2) Define x and y of your system. Find also x0 and y0 .
3) Linearize the non-linear system in 1) around x0 and y0 . (The dimension of all
submatrices must be given. The elements of gy are not required.)
4) Explain with words and equations where the first PSS should be installed.
5) Assume that the first PSS is installed in the first generator of your system. Assume
also that the second mode is the mode of interest, and in this mode the first generator
oscillates against the other generators. Explain how the parameters of the PSS can be
tuned to improve the damping of this mode. Let the input signal be , Pe and sime ,
respectively. (The vectors B and C must clearly be defined for each input signal.)
6) With the PSS installed in the first generator, re-do 1) to 3).
7) Let the loads be represented by constant impedances. Make YRNM of your system.
8) Based on RNM, and with Pe as input signal to the PSS, describe mathematically the
dynamic of your system in the pre-fault, fault-on and post-fault states.
Part 2
In this part, you are asked to give the numerical results of the following variables, and also to
plot the required figures.
With no PSS in the system:
avr

a) The equilibrium point of the system, i.e. xs

. Also, U ref of each generator.

b) Plot the variations of the rotor angles in the COI reference frame for the selected fault.
(See Figure 6.13.)
c) Give the modes of the system as shown in Table 6.1 of the course textbook.

d) Plot the mode shapes of the modes of interest. (See Figure 6.14.)
With PSS in the system:
e) The vectors B and C when the first PSS will be tuned for each input signal.
f) The vectors B and C when the second PSS will be tuned for each input signal.
g) When the second PSS is installed and the input signal is used, plot variations of the
least damping ratio versus K PSS and identify the appropriate gain. (See Figure 6.19.)
h) Fill in the tables below. (See also Table 6.3 and Table 6.4.)
PSS

Gen

0
1
2
PSS

Gen

T2

nf

K PSS

min

fp

uin

T1

T2

nf

K PSS

min

fp

T1

T2

nf

K PSS

min

fp

sime
sime

T1

PSS

uin

Gen

uin

Pe
Pe

i) Plot the variations of the rotor angles in the COI reference frame for the selected fault
when the first PSS is installed and the input signal is . (See Figure 6.18.)
j) Plot the variations of the rotor angles in the COI reference frame for the selected fault
when both PSS are installed and the input signal is . (See Figure 6.20.)
k) For each input signal, plot the variations of the rotor angle of the critical machine of
the first selected mode in the COI reference frame when both PSS are installed. (See
Figure 6.21.)

Part 3
In this part, you are asked to summarize what you have learned from this project, and how
they fulfil the learning outcomes of the course.