Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By
Dr. Atanu Rakshit
Email: atanu.rakshit@iimrohtak.ac.in
atanu.raks@gmail.com
Reference Material:
Building Applications in the Cloud by Christopher
M. Moyer, Pearson, 2013
Cloud Computing Automating the Virtualized
Data Center by Venkata Josyula, Malcolm Orr and
Greg Page, Pearson, 2012
Cloud Computing Implementation, Management
and Security by John W. Rittinghouse and James
F. Ransome, CRC Press, 2010
Service and
Application Types
Service Model
A Business Process as a Service (BPaaS) is any business process
delivered as a service through cloud solutions
The Application layer forms the basis for Software as a Service
(SaaS)
The Platform layer forms the basis for Platform as a Service
(PaaS) models
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provisioned virtual server
what may be determined to be a utility computing model, to
meet customer requirement as per SLA
Data as a Service (DaaS) is an information provision and
distribution model in which data files are made available to
customers over a network, typically the Internet
PaaS
(Platform as a Service)
Applications, typically
available via the browser:
Google Apps
Salesforce.com
Hosted application
environment for building and
deploying cloud applications:
Salesforce.com
Amazon E2C
Microsoft Azure
IaaS
(Infrastructure as a Service)
Utility computing data center
providing on demand server
resources:
HP Adaptive Infrastructure
as a Service
Rackspace
Amazon E2C & S3
SaaS and IaaS are the key cloud capabilities for 80% of our customers
Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
PaaS
SaaS
SaaS
SaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
Software as a Service
(SaaS)
Architectures
IaaS Workload
The work done can be measured by the
number of Transactions Per Minute (TPM) or a
similar metric
A workload has certain other attributes such as
Disk I/Os measured in Input/Output Per Second
IOPS
The amount of RAM consumed under load in MB
Network throughput and latency
IaaS Stack
In cloud computing, a provisioned server called an
instance is reserved by a customer
The above figure shows how three virtual private
server instances are partitioned in an IaaS stack.
The three workloads require three different sizes of
computers: small, medium, and large.
The IaaS infrastructure runs these server instances is
drawing from a pool of virtualized machines, RAID
storage, and network interface capacity
These three layers are expressions of physical
systems that are partitioned as logical units
IaaS Stack
LUNs, the cloud interconnect layer, and the virtual
application software layer are logical constructs
Logical Unit Number LUNs are logical storage
containers
The cloud interconnect layer is a virtual network
layer that is assigned IP addresses from the IaaS
network pool
The virtual application software layer contains
software that runs on the physical VM instance(s)
Web server
Application server
File server
Database
Transaction engine
The different workloads are:
Queries against the database
processing of business logic
serving up clients' Web pages
Pod
Workloads support a certain number of users, at
which point you exceed the load that the instance
sizing allows
When you reach the limit of the largest virtual
machine instance possible, one must make a copy or
clone of the instance to support additional users
A group of users within a particular instance is called
a pod. Pods are managed by a Cloud Control System
(CCS).
Pods
Pods are aggregated into pools within an IaaS region or
site called an availability zone
In very large cloud computing networks, when systems
fail, they fail on a pod-by-pod basis, and often on a zoneby-zone basis
Amazon Web Services AWS' IaaS infrastructure, the
availability zones are organized around the company's
data centers in Northern California, Northern Virginia,
Ireland, and Singapore
A failover system between zones gives IaaS private
clouds a very high degree of availability
Pods
The above figure shows how pods are aggregated and virtualized in IaaS across
zones.
Silo
When a cloud computing infrastructure isolates user
clouds from each other, the management system is
incapable of interoperating with other private clouds,
it creates an information silo, or simply a silo.
Most often, the term silo is applied to PaaS offerings
such as Force.com or QuickBase
Silos often are an expression of the manner in which
a cloud computing infrastructure is architected
Silos are the cloud computing equivalent of compute
islands
Benefits
Systems managed by SLA should
equate to fewer breaches
Higher return on assets through higher
utilization
Reduced cost driven by
Less hardware
Less floor space from smaller
hardware footprint
Higher level of automation from
fewer administrators
Lower power consumption
Able to match consumption to
demand
Challenges
Portability of applications
Maturity of systems
management tools
Integration across the Cloud
boundary
Extension of internal
security models
Benefits
Pay-as-you-go for
development, test, and
production environments
Enables developers to focus
on application code
Instant global platform
Elimination of H/W
dependencies and capacity
concerns
Inherent scalability
Simplified deployment model
Challenges
Governance
Tie-in to the vendor
Extension of the security
model to the provider
Connectivity
Reliance on 3rd party SLAs
Strong governance required to prevent lines of business from building applications without
IT involvement
Shrink-Wrapped Vs SaaS
TABLE 4.1
Location
Management
Owned
Hybrid Model
Subscription (flat fee)
Locally installed
Local IT staff
Available through an
application
Application Service
Provider (ASP)
SaaS
Metered subscription
Cloud based
__________________________________________________________________
SaaS Characteristics
The software is available over the Internet globally
through a browser on demand
The typical license is subscription-based or usagebased and is billed on a recurring basis
Reduced distribution and maintenance costs and
minimal end-user system costs generally make SaaS
applications cheaper to use than their shrink-wrapped
versions
Such applications feature automated upgrades,
updates, and patch management
SaaS Characteristics
SaaS applications often have a much lower barrier to
entry than their locally installed competitors
All users have the same version of the software so
each user's software is compatible with another's
SaaS supports multiple users and provides a shared
data model through a single-instance, multi-tenancy
model
Open SaaS
A considerable amount of SaaS software is based on
open source software
When open source software is used in a SaaS, it
referred to as Open SaaS
The advantages of using open source software are
that systems are much cheaper to deploy because
no need to purchase the operating system or software
there is less vendor lock-in
applications are more portable
Speed
Reduced up-front cost,
potential for reduced lifetime
cost
Transfer of some/all support
obligations
Elimination of licensing risk
Elimination of version
compatibility
Reduced hardware footprint
Challenges
Extension of the security
model to the provider (data
privacy and ownership)
Governance and billing
management
Synchronization of client and
vendor migrations
Integrated end-user support
Scalability
Application/Software as a Service
Cloud Platform
Cloud
Application
Cloud
Extra
Functions
Application
Platform
Browser/
Client
Application
Application
Users
Users
Developers
Data as a Service
A service provider that enables data access on
demand to users regardless of their geographic
location.
Similar to SaaS
Information is stored in the cloud and is
accessible by a wide range of systems and devices
Two ways to use data-as-a-service:
by outsourcing your own data or
taking advantage of public data managed by a third
party
Data as a Service
DaaS is other offering service from Cloud
providers to its client to use provider's
database infrastructure on the basis of what
they use.
Instead of spending money on setting up of
database environment on your premises, we
can take the benefit of provider's database
cloud.
DAAS Architecture
DAAS Architecture
Gather:
Includes retrieving and organizing data input files of
different formats.
Process:
Shapes the data through normalizing and prepares
specialized views of the data.
Publish:
Uses maps to extract data from the RDBMS into a
variety of formats that are consumed by the end
users.
Data as a Service
Pervasive Data Integrator:
is a graphical alternative to shell or Python
scripting that provides logging and configuration
services to Map Designer.
Used in typical loading and transforming process
Pervesives map designer creates code of map
Stored procedures are invoked by Pervasive
Process Designer.
Data As Service
Dynamic access
Storage is provided
Benefits
Agility
Cost-effectiveness
Data quality
Faster/ Easy access
Larger storage
Large number of users
Scalability/ Flexibility
Reliability
Maintenance
Drawbacks
Reliance of the customer on the service
provider's ability to avoid server downtime
Generally data is not available for download
References
www.google.com/publicdata
www.wikipedia.com
http://bekwam.blogspot.com/2010/12/buildingdata-as-service-architecture.html
http://snipplr.com/
http://pixlr.com/editor/
http://cssdesk.com/
http://www.squidoo.com/guide-to-cloudcomputing
Business Process as a Service (BPaaS) is any type of horizontal or vertical business process
thats delivered based on the cloud services model. These cloud services which include
Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) are therefore dependent on related services
Clouds Type
Commercial Clouds
Private/Community Clouds
Build by commercial or open-source
Solutions
Hybrid Clouds
Commercial clouds and private
clouds: EC2 Vs Eucalyptus, EC2
Vs OpenNebular
Page 55
56
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
SalesForce CRM
LotusLive
Google
App
Engine
57 Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
58
MS Live/ExchangeLabs, IBM,
Google Apps; Salesforce.com
Quicken Online, Zoho, Cisco
Application Platform
Server Platform
Storage Platform
Virtual Machines
VM technology allows multiple virtual
machines to run on a single physical machine.
App
App
App
App
App
Guest OS
(Linux)
Guest OS
(NetBSD)
Guest OS
(Windows)
VM
VM
VM
Xen
VMWare
UML
Denali
etc.
performance!
59
60
Cloud Research
General
issues
Cloud definition,
services
Management
Cloud technologies,
solutions, issues,
cost model
Cloud
migration
Web application
Big data
HPC applications
Cloud
Optimization
Future Direction
Across-Cloud implementations
Tools and middleware will be available to enable
interoperability and portability across different clouds
IaaS
PaaS
Become
standardized and
commoditized
Add new utilities
and PaaS
capabilities
Battleground for
determining the
future of Cloud
Computing
SaaS
Integrate with
applications
utilizing mobile
devices and
sensors
PaaS
Aimed primarily at small & new companies but models apply to all
Large companies will benefit as services scale up and model is driven into
internal software development tools and processes
IaaS
Galvanizing approach to Utility Computing to drive high ROA
Overflow to external provider to avoid cap-ex to meet peaks
Longer term play due to immature tools and resistance to change
Microsoft
Salesforce
SaaS
PaaS
IaaS
Products and companies shown for illustrative purposes only and should not be
construed as an endorsement
Google Apps
Zoho Office
Workday
Microsoft Office Live
External IaaS
HP/EDS (TBD)
IBM Blue Cloud
Sun Grid
Joyent
Rackspace
Jamcracker
Xen
Zuora
Aria Systems
eVapt
Platform as a Service
Amazon E2C
Salesforce.com Force.com
Google App Engine
Coghead
Etelos
LongJump
Boomi
Microsoft Azure*
Internal IaaS
HP Adaptive Infrastructure as a Service
Q&A