Thermodynamics

Maximum Marks: 100

Time Allowed: 3 Hours

General Instructions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

All questions in the three sections are compulsory.

Marks for questions are indicated against each.
Question Nos. 1 to 10 carry two marks each.
Question Nos. 11 to 20 carry three marks each.
Question Nos. 21 to 30 carry five marks each.
SECTION A

1. The ratio of specific heats of a gas is 1.4 and the value of specific heat at a constant
pressure is 7.0 cal/mole o C . Find out the difference between between specific heat at
constant pressure and specific heat at constant volume.
2. What are the signs (positive or negative) of the following circular integrals for an
irreversible heat engine:
(a) Q
(b)

Q
T

3. Complete the following table for H2O:

T, oC
50

P, kPa

V, m3/kg

Phase Description

4.16
Saturated Vapor

250
110
4. Steam enters a diffuser steadily at 0.5 MPa, 300oC, and 122 m/s at a rate of 3.5 kg/s.
What is the inlet area of the diffuser?
5. An amount of 100 kW of heat is transferred through a wall in steady state. One side of
the wall is maintained at 127oC and the other side at 27oC. Find the entropy generated
due to heat transfer in the wall.

6. Is the relation u=mc avg T restricted to constant volume processes only, or can it be
used for any kind of process for an ideal gas? Explain your answer.
7. Give two points of difference between internal and external irreversibilities.
8. Predict the pressure of nitrogen gas at T = 300K and v = 0.00375 m3/kg on the basis of
van der Waals equation of state and compare it with the value obtained using ideal gas
equation of state.
The van der Waals equation of state is given by: ( P+

a
)(vb)=RT .
2
v

For nitrogen, a = 0.175 m6.kPa/kg2 and b = 0.00138 m3/kg.

9. Consider a Carnot refrigerator and a Carnot heat pump operating between the same two
thermal energy reservoirs. If the COP of the heat pump is 4.4, what is the COP of the
refrigerator?
10. Consider a device with one inlet and one outlet. If the volume flow rates at the inlet and
at the outlet are the same, is the flow through the device necessarily steady? Explain. aa
SECTION B
11. A reversible heat engine receives 2 kJ of heat from a reservoir at 1000 K and a certain
amount of heat from a reservoir at 800 K. It rejects 1 kJ of heat to a reservoir at 400 K.
What is the net work output of the cycle.
12. Steam with specific enthalpy (h) 3214 kJ/kg enters an adiabatic turbine operating at a
steady state with a flow rate of 10 kg/s. As it expands, at a point where h is 2920 kJ/kg,
1.5 kg/s is extracted for heating purposes. The remaining 8.5 kg/s further expands to the
turbine exit, where h = 2374 kJ/kg. Neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential
energies, what is the net power output of the turbine?
13. A Carnot cycle heat engine has an efficiency of 40%. If the high temperature is raised by
10%, what is the new efficiency keeping the same low temperature?
14. An ideal gas is compressed from (2 MPa, 0.003 m3/kg) to (4 MPa, 0.0015 m3/kg). What
is polytropic index of compression for the process.
2

15. For an isothermal process show that:

Pdv= vdP
1

16. In a system executing a non flow process, the work and heat per degree change in
temperature are given by

dW
=200 J / o C and
dT

dQ
=160 J / o C . What will be the
dT

change in internal energy of the system, when its temperature changes from T1 = 55 oC
to T2 = 95 oC.

17. Air enters a 1200 W hair dryer at 100 kPa and 22 oC and leaves at 47 oC. The crosssectional area of the hair dryer at the exit is 60 cm2. Neglecting the power consumed by
the fan and heat losses through the walls of the hair dryer, determine:
(a) the volume flow rate of air at the inlet and
(b) the velocity of the air at the exit.

P1 = 100 kPa
T1 = 22 oC

A2 = 60 cm2
T2 = 47 oC

P = 1200 W

18.