BSECE Board Examination Reviewer in Communications Engineering - Fiber Optics

1.Who
made
the
first
documented prediction that
laser light was possible?
a) Ray
b) Edison
c) Einstein
d) Maiman
2.The
main
cause
of
attenuation in an optical fiber
is _____.
a)
Resistance
and
capacitance
b)
Scattering
and
absorption
c) Wavelength
d) Ideal waveguide
3.What is the spreading of
energy in time, which is
caused by differing light
wavelengths?
a) Fresnel refraction
b) Chromatic dispersion
c) Modal refraction
d) Absorption
4.Which of the following is
not an application of laser?
a) Planting
b) Communications
c) Surveying
d) Medical applications
5.What is the critical angle (of
incidence) at a glass/fusedquartz interface?
a) 45
b) 63.6
c) 76.7
d) 30
6.What parts of the body are
most sensitive to laser
damage? a) Hair
b) Teeth
c) Nails and teeth
d) Eye and skin

7.Which of the following is

not an advantage of optical
fiber?
a) Low attenuation
b) Large bandwidth
c) Immunity to lightning
d) Cabling and splicing
simplicity

13.Where can one found a

fiber-to-detector connector?
a) Transmitter
b) Analog transmitter circuit
block
c) Light emitting diodes circuit
block
d) Receiver

8.What devices may be used

as
an
optical
fiber
transmitter?
a) Photo diode
b) Bulb
c) Laser
d) Sun

14.Which of the following is

not a major section required
by laser? a) Feedback
b) Output
c) Exciter
d) Monitor

9.The glass inside the fiber

core must have a(n) _____
index of refraction than the
index of refraction of cladding
surrounding the fiber.
a) Higher
b) Lower
c) Varying
d) Equal
10.The index of refraction of
the cladding is _____ the
index of refraction of the
core.
a) Varies with
b) Equal to
c) Less than
d) Greater than
11.(Nov 1997) Band of light
waves that are too short to be
seen by human eye.
a) Amber
b) Visible
c) Ultraviolet
d) Infrared
12.Which of the following can
be used to reduce the
attenuation of a cable bend?
a) Adding additional bends
b) Using repeater
c) Increasing the bend
radius
d) Decreasing the bend
radius

15.Which of the following has

the longest wavelength?
a) Fuschia
b) Green
c) Blue
d) Red
16.Which of the following
does not contribute to a
coupling mismatch between
two optical fibers?
a) Sepatation resulting in light
scattering
b) Improper alignment
c) Connecting ends not
parallel
d) Modal dispersion
17.A wide-band analog fiberoptic receivers passband is
limited to _____.
a) Increase the S/N ratio
b) Amplify the noise
c) Amplify the input signal
d) Improve the bandwidth
18.A fiber core is glass with
n=1.5.
Calculate
the
reflectivity (in percent) from
air.
a) 4%
b) 16%
c) 15%
d) 8%

Copyright BSECE Online Board Examination Reviewer 2009.

BSECE Board Examination Reviewer in Communications Engineering - Fiber Optics

19.What part of the optical
fiber has the smallest outer
diameter?
a) Plastic fibers jacket
b) Braided copper core
c) Glass fibers core
d) Glass fibers cladding
20.Which of the following is
not used as an optical
detector?
a) Photodiode
b) PIN diode
c) ILD
d) Avalanche photodiode
21.The ration of the number
of photoelectrons collected to
the number of incident
photons per unit time.
a) Quantum efficiency
b) Photonic
c) Irradiance
d) Responsivity
22.Who was the first person
who actually produced laser
light?
a) Maiman
b) Einstein
c) Edison
d) Townes
23.It
is an elementary
quantity of radiant energy,
which can be considered to
be particles of light.
a) Optimons
b) Electrons
c) Lumens
d) Photons
24.A way of reducing the
attenuation in a fiber-optic
cable assembly.
a) All of the above
b) Polishing the fiber ends
c) Using the least number of
connectors
d) Using ferrules to align the
fiber ends

25.It is t5he scattering of

some of the light energy
when monochromatic light is
passed through a medium
such as glass.
a) Raman effect
b) Rigid scattering
c) Huygens principle
d) Miller effect
26.Which of the following is a
coherent light source in fiber
optics?
a) LASER
b) LED
c) Sun
d) Bulb
27.What type of optical
transmitter
requires
no
cladding on the fiber?
a) Led
b) Pin diode
c) Laser
d) Photo diode
28.Responsivity
is
a
parameter of the _____, in
fiber-optic system.
a) Receiver
b) Connectors
c) Transmitter
d) Cable
29.(Nov 1998) One of the
advantages of fiber optic
which is referred to the
volume of capacity of signals
it can carry. a) Weight
b) Physical size
c) Security
d) Bandwidth
30.A type of fiber-optic
connector is called _____.
a) Graded fiber
b) Splicer
c) Step fiber
d) Multifiber

31.The wavelength of red in

the visible light spectrum is
around _____.
a) 530 nm
b) 1200 nm
c) 450 nm
d) 700 nm
32.It is a measure of the
optical fibers light gathering
capabilities.
a) Responsivity
b) Expansion
c) Numerical aperture
d) Dispersion
33.(Mar 1996) An absorption
loss caused by valence
electrons in the silica material
from
which
fibers
are
manufactured.
a) Ultraviolet absorption
b) Ion resonance absorption
c) Infrared dispersion
d) Modal dispersion
34.Which is not an advantage
of optical fiber?
a) Broadband
b) No cross talk
c) Small
d) Cheap
35.Which of the following is a
major standard for lasers?
a) Federal 2020
b) ANSI Z136
c) Federal 4010
d) ANSI R232
36.Which of the following is
contained in a fiber optic
transmitter?
a)
Fiber-to-detector
connector
b) Light source
c) Light detector
d) An output circuit
37.Light at 1.55 m in air has
what energy (in eV)?
a) 1.0 eV
b) 0.6 eV
c) 1.21 eV
d) 0.8 eV

Copyright BSECE Online Board Examination Reviewer 2009.

BSECE Board Examination Reviewer in Communications Engineering - Fiber Optics

38.The speed of lightwave in
fiber optic cable is around
_____.
a) 300,000 mi/hr
b) 186 mi/hr
c) 300,000,000 m/s
d) 300,00 m/s

44.What is the most common

type of damage to the skin by
laser radiation?
a) Erythema
b) Excema
c) Espedema
d) Burn

51.Light can be thought of as

an electromagnetic wave or
as particles called _____.
a) Electrons
b) Protons
c) Quantum
d) Photons

39.(Apr
1997)
A
noncoherent light source for
optical
communications
system.
a) LED
b) PIN diode
c) APD
d) ILD

45.(Mar 1996) The dielectric

material of an optical fiber
surrounding the core
a) Cladding
b) Cover
c) Armor
d) Shield

52.(Apr 1998) Which of the

following colors of light rays
has the shortest wavelength?
a) Violet
b) Red
c) Blue
d) Yellow
53.The rays comprising a
mode that all passes through
the longitudinal, or z-axis of
the fiber core, are called
_____.
a) Convergent rays
b) Meridional rays
c) Divergent rays
d) Skew rays

40.One of the following is not

a basic part of a fiber-optic
communication link?
a) Light detector
b) Speaker
c)
A
fiber-to-detector
connector
d) Light source
41.(Apr 1998) What does a
light traveling in air optical
fiber follow?
a) Millman
b) Snells
c) Huygen
d) Maxwell
42.(Nov 1997) The most
common device used as a
light detector in fiber optic
communication system.
a) LED
b) APDs
c) Darlington phototransistor
d) PIN diode
43.(Nov 1997) Loss due to
the diffraction of light when it
strikes on the irregularities
formed
during
the
manufacturing process of the
fiber optics.
a) Absorption loss
b) Bending loss
c) Rayleigh scattering loss
d) Attenuation

46.The amount of power per

unit area in optical fiber is
called _____.
a) Irradiance
b) Discerneance
c) Permeance
d) Reflectance
47.Which of the following is
not a class of laser radiation?
a) Class X
b) Class IV
c) Class I
d) Class II

54.A fiber-optic core is made

of _____.
a) Water
b) Krypton
c) Glass
d) Diamond

48.Which of the following is

an advantage of fiber-optic
cable
over
conventional
cable?
a) Interference immunity
b) Wider bandwidth
c) Light weight
d) All of the above

55.The information that can

be transmitted over a fiberoptic communication link?
a) Audio frequency
b) All of the above
c) Video signal
d) Pulses and data

49.(Apr 1997) Type of fiber

that has the highest modal
dispersion.
a) Graded index multimode
b) Graded index mode
c) Step-index multimode
d) Step-index single mode

56.Which of the following is

not a source of attenuation in
a fiber-optic cable?
a) Dispersion
b) Conduction
c) Absorption
d) Scattering

50.(Apr 1997) Fiber optic

cable operates near _____
frequencies.
a) 20 MHz
b) 2 GHZ
c) 200 MHz
d) 800 THz

Copyright BSECE Online Board Examination Reviewer 2009.

BSECE Board Examination Reviewer in Communications Engineering - Fiber Optics

57.It is an optical network
transmission standard that
has
an
international
connectivity.
a) STS
b) SDH
c) PDH
d) SONET

62.Compute the power for an

ideal 1550-nm light source
that generates 20 billion
photons per second.
a) 2.56 nW
b) 14.6 nW
c) 12.5 nW
d) 13 nW

68._____ of the light detector

increases the fall time.
a)
Decreasing
the
bandwidth
b) Increasing the coupling
loss
c) Decreasing the rise time
d) Increasing the rise time

58.(Nov 1996) 1 micron is

equal to _____ meter(s).
a) 10^(-6) m
b) 10^9 m
c) 10^(-3) m
d) 10^6 m

63.What is the angle of

refraction when the angle of
incidence is 35 traveling
from glass (n=1.4) to the air?
a) 60.3
b) 48.5
c) 36.4
d) 53.4

69.What is the type of fiber,

characterized by a core
which has a completely
uniform distribution of the
index of refraction throughout
its bulk?
a) Step-index fiber
b) Meridional fiber
c) Graded-index fiber
d) Multi-grade fiber

59.A 1-km long optical fiber in

air is made of fiber core with
an index of refraction of 1.52
and a cladding with an index
of
refraction
of
1.49,
determine the acceptance
angle.
a) 30
b) 35
c) 60
d) 17.5
60.(Nov 1997) The core of
the optical fiber has _____.
a) A lower index of refraction
than the cladding
b) A higher index of
refraction than the cladding
c) A medium index of
refraction
d) A lower index of refraction
than air
61.Which is the relationship
between
the
angle
of
incidence and the angle of
reflection?
a) Decreasing
b) They are equal
c) Increasing
d) Varying

64.What are the rays which

do not pass though the core
axis, but follow a spiral path
of reflecting segments down
the fiber core?
a) Convergent rays
b) Skew rays
c) Divergent rays
d) Meridional rays
65.Which of the following
cannot be sent over a fiberoptic communication link?
a) Cable TV signals
b) Telephone messages
c) Computer data
d) Electric power
66.(Nov 1998) An advantage
of optic fiber rejecting an
induced noise signals from
magnetic field or solar storms
flux.
a) Cross talk
b) Shielding
c) Electric hazard
d) Immunity to noise
67.The _____ determines if a
light ray will stay within the
transmitting medium or be
refracted from it.
a) Responsivity
b) Modal dispersion
c) Critical angle
d) Radiance

70.Which of the following is

not a integral part of a fiberoptic communication link?
a) Optical fiber
b) Light detector
c) Light source
d) RS-232 interface
71.(Mar 1996) It is made from
semiconductor material such
as
aluminum-galliumarsenide or gallium-arsenidephosphide.
a) APD
b) Light emitting diode
c) Positive-intrinsic-negative
d) Injection laser diode
72.The first device used to
transmit voice using light as a
carrier is called _____.
a) Photophone
b) Phonograph
c) Lyncompex
d) Edison bulb
73.(Nov 1996) An object
farther from a converging
lens than its focal point
always has an _____ image.
a) The same in size
b) Virtual
c) Smaller size
d) Inverted

Copyright BSECE Online Board Examination Reviewer 2009.

BSECE Board Examination Reviewer in Communications Engineering - Fiber Optics

74.What wavelengths exhibit
the least loss for transmission
in glass?
a) 12-15.5 microns
b) 5-7 microns
c) 10-50 microns
d) 1.3-1.5 microns
75.The index of refraction of
the core in a fiber-optic cable
is _____ the index of
refraction of the cladding.
a) Equal to
b) Summation of
c) Greater than
d) Less than
76.(Nov 1996) The different
angles of entry of light into an
optical
fiber
when
the
diameter of the core is many
times the wavelength of the
light transmitted is known as
_____. a) Mode
b) Emitter
c) Sensor
d) Refraction
77.An optical fiber is made
with a core of flintglass
(n=1.62) and a cladding of
crown glass (n=1.51). Find
the critical angle at the
core/cladding interface.
a) 70.8
b) 45
c) 68.8
d) 30
78.What is not a way of
representing a radiometric
measure of power?
a) Milliwatts per square
centimeter
b) Lumens per watt
c) Watt
d) Microwatts per steradian
79.Which of the following is
used to send multiple signals
over a single optical fiber?
a) Sync-encoding
b) TDM
c) FDM
d) Manchester code

80.(Nov 1996) The loss in

signal power as light travels
down a fiber is
a) Absorption
b) Scattering
c) Attenuation
d) Propagation
81.What is a wave or pulse
that does not disperse or lose
its shape as it propagates
through a medium?
a) Incoherent source
b) Photon
c) Coherent source
d) Soliton
82.Which of the following
affects the bandwidth of an
optical fiber?
a) Splicing
b) Modal dispersion
c) Refractive index
d) Material dispersion
83.At he fiber optic receiver
the light detector _____.
a) Has an optical output
b) Can not have a coupling
loss
c) Acts as a light detector
d) Has an electrical signal
as an output
84.Which of the following is a
not a kind of dispersion that
exists in a fiber?
a) Wavelength dispersion
b) Chromatic dispersion
c) Harmonic dispersion
d) Intermodal dispersion
85.The refractive index of
glass is around _____.
a) 1.33
b) 0.50
c) 1.50
d) 1

86.A figure of merit that is

used to describe the light
gathering or light collecting
ability of an optical fiber.
a) Reflectivity
b) Responsivity
c) Numerical aperture
d) Permeance
87.(Nov 1997) Calculate the
energy of the photon of
infrared light energy at 1.55
m.
a) 1.6 x 1019 J
b) 1.9 x 10-14 J
c) 1.28 x 10-19 J
d) 1.22 x 10-16 J

88.An optical fiber is silicon

glass composed of _____
layers. a) 5
b) 1
c) 4
d) 3
89.What is the most common
type of damage to the human
eye by laser radiation?
a) Retinasus
b) Ultraviolet radiation
c) Cormeasis
d) Cataract
90.What
is
the
power
delivered by a laser whose
output energy in 2 second is
10 joules
a) 10 W
b) 5 W
c) 15 W
d) 20 W
91.The ratio of the sines of
the angles of the incident and
refracted waves is _____ to
the ratio of the velocities of
light in the mediums causing
the refraction.
a) Less than
b) Equal
c) Not related
d) Greater than

Copyright BSECE Online Board Examination Reviewer 2009.

BSECE Board Examination Reviewer in Communications Engineering - Fiber Optics

92.Which of the following is
not a source of light in fiber
optic communication?
a) Laser
b) APD
c) ILD
d) LED
93.Which of the following is
the
least
important
characteristic of a fiber-optic
light source?
a) Bandwidth
b) Light intensity
c) Hue
d) Resistance

99.An optical medium with a

small core diameter in which
only
one
mode
can
propagate. a) Single-mode
fiber
b) Multi-mede fiber
c) Laser
d) Led
100.Which of the following
will indicate the distance to a
faulty fiber-optic connection?
a) Fiber-optic power meter
b) Optical time-domain
reflectometer
c) Fiber-optic light source
d) Digital voltmeter

94.What is the ratio of the

speed of light in free space to
the speed of light in another
medium?
a) Index of refraction
b) Velocity factor
c) Index of reflecrion
d) Dielectric constant
95.What is a coherent light?
a) Light waves in air
b) Light waves varying
c) Light waves in phase
d) Light waves out of phase
96.What
term
is
commonly used in
optics?
a) Optical fiber
b) Light pipe
c) Fiber-optic cable
d) Light cable

not
fiber

97.What carrier frequencies

are used in optical fiber
systems?
a) Infrared
b) All of the above
c) Ultraviolet
d) Visible
98.The measurement of the
strength of the light source is
called _____.
a) Permeance
b) Reflectance
c) Scerneance
d) Radiance
Copyright BSECE Online Board Examination Reviewer 2009.

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