01/02/2015

TransformerInterviewQuestionsAnswers

TransformerInterviewQuestionsAnswers
Bykiran111

DuringNoloadwhythepowerfactorofthetransformerisverylow?
Currentflowingthroughthetransformerconsistsoftwocomponents.Magnetizingcurrent(Im )whichisinquadrature(900)totheapplied
voltageandinphasecurrentwhichisinphasetotheappliedvoltage.Duringnoloadconditionmostoftheexcitationcurrentdrawnbythe
transformerfromtheprimarywindingistomagnetizethepath.Henceexcitationcurrentdrawnbythetransformerduringnoloadcondition
mostlyconsistsofmagnetizingcomponentofcurrentwhichisusedtoprovidemagneticfieldintransformercircuits(Inductivenature).
Thereforeasthenatureoftheloadisinductive,hencethepowerfactoroftransformerduringnoloadconditionwillbyintheorderof0.1to
0.2

WhathappenwhenTransformerisgivenDCsupply?
WhenDCsupplyisgiventothetransformerprimarywindingnobackemfisinducedinthetransformer.ImportanceofBackemfisthatit
limitsthecurrentdrawnbythemachine.Intheabsenceofbackemftransformerstartsdrawinghugecurrentswhichresultsinburning
downofprimarywinding.
Sowhendcsupplyisgiventotransformerprimarywindingswillburn

Atwhatpowermaximumefficiencyofpowertransformeranddistributiontransformerisdesigned
Maximumefficiencyofthetransformerisattainedatcertainloadfactor()whencorelossesoftransformerisequaltothecopperlosses.
PCoreloss=2XPCopperloss
Fromtheaboveequationforparticularloadfactor()maximumefficiencyofatransformerisdesignedwhencorelossisequaltocopper
loss.Foratransformercorelossesremainsameirrespectiveoftheloadandcopperlossesvariesbasedontheloading.Foratransformer
maximumefficiencyisdesignedforparticularloadfactorwhencoreandcopperlossesaresame.Corelossforatransformerisdesigned
basedontheapplicationoftransformersothatbothcorelossesandcopperlosseswillbesame
Forpowertransformerdeliveringbulkpoweremployedingeneratingstationsandothersubstationspoweritdeliverwillnotvaryroundthe
clockanddeliversfullload.Hencepowertransformersaredesignedtohavemaximumpoweratfullload.Whereaspowerdelivercapacity
ofdistributiontransformerswhichdeliverpowervarywithtimedurationoftheday.Hencedistributiontransformersaredesignedtohave
maximumefficiencyat50%oftheratedfullload

Whataretheconditionsforparalleloperationoftwotransformers?
Transformerswhicharetobeoperatedparallelshouldhavetosatisfythefollowingconditions:
Polaritiesofboththetransformersshouldbesameelseleadtoshortcircuit
Voltageratingofthebothprimaryandsecondaryofthetwotransformersoperatinginparallelshouldbesame
Perunitimpedanceofthetransformersshouldbesame
Phasedisplacementoftransformersshouldbesame
Phasesequenceoftwotransformersshouldbesame

WhySilicagelisusedintransformers?
SilicaGelisusedtoremovethemoistureintheairenteringintothetransformer.Duringthebreathingofthetransformerairentersinto
thetransformer.Thisairmakescontactwiththehottransformeroilintheconservatorandremovestheheatbyconvection.Airenteringin
tothetransformershouldbefreefrommoistureelsethepropertiesoftransformeroilgetsdegraded.Thereforesilicagelcrystalsare
providedinthebreathertoremovethemoisturecontentintheair
Silicagelcrystalswillbeinbluecolorinitiallyandafterabsorbingmoistureitturnstopink.
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01/02/2015

TransformerInterviewQuestionsAnswers

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