1

Sardar Bhagat Singh Shaheed

Life and Ideology

Ihsan H. Nadiem

DYAL SINGH RESEARCH & CULTURAL FORUM

LAHORE, PAKISTAN.

2
Dyal Singh Research & Cultural Forum 2012
The matter in this book may be used for
research citing the source clearly; any
part of it may also be reproduced or
included in other publications provided
this source is quoted.

Sardar Bhagat Singh Shaheed

Life and Ideology

SRDAR bGT ES^g sHID

JIVN WTQ EVCARdARA
2012
Published by

Ihsan H. Nadiem

Director,

Dyal Singh Research & Cultural Forum.

Price

Pakistan: Rs.70
Foreign : US $5

DYAL SINGH RESEARCH & CULTURAL FORUM

25-Nisbet Road, Lahore 54000, PAKISTAN.
Ph: +92 42 37312080, Fax: +92 42 37232230
Web: www.dsrcf.org, Email: dsrcf@yahoo.com

CONTENTS
Preface

...

...

...

1.

Prelude

2.

The Family and Childhood

3.

Educational Career

4.

Making of a complete revolutionary

5.

Murder of Saunders

6.

Bomb in Assembly

10

7.

Trial and Death Sentence

11

8.

Bhagat Singh Martyred

13

Preface
Sardar Bhagat Singh Shaheed rose meteorically as
a young freedom fighter in the slave-India
subcontinent, and left the world stage in the same
dazzling manner, but not without leaving bright and
intense imprints in the annals of history. Much has
been written on the life and ideology of this icon of
freedom struggle against the British colonialists. But,
these writings can never be counted as sufficient to
cover this multi-faceted personality and versatile
achievements. It is encouraging that different writers
from different forums continue researching and
bringing out many an aspect of his personality and
struggle, not known to the world earlier.
Keeping in line with its format of bringing to the
fore the works on the heroes from Punjab, Dyal Singh
Research and Cultural Forum (DSRCF) has now been
busy for many years in studying on Shaheed Bhagat
Singh and his struggle from the basic and secondary
sources. Based on the same, we have already
published, on the web, material on his life and
ideology. One of the issues of our Quarterly Punjab dey
Rang was also devoted to this great man especially
publishing the poetical works of different persona
eulogizing and reverently remembering this one of the
youngest martyrs of our history of struggle for
freedom.
In order to make it reach to a wider and varied
segments of readers we are publishing this book in two
languages English and Punjabi, while using both of its
scripts (Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi). As the research on
the subject continues, we hope to add more and might
come up with other publications in due course.

Ihsan H. Nadiem

Sardar Bhagat Singh Shaheed

Prelude
The building of the British Empire was started at a
very low key and in an unprecedented way in the
eighteenth century India. Here, with the declining and
disintegrating Mughal authority, the British had
discovered a power vacuum and thus proceeded to fill
it with skill, cunningness and a great degree of
opportunism. In due course of time they had been
successful in humbling almost whole of India: Bengal
and Assam, Awadh, Sindh, North-Western Provinces
and finally, in 1849, Punjab.
The occupation of the motherland by a foreign
nation was not seen eye to eye by many a patriotic
native, who had been fighting with them in a heroic
manner. The major events of the uprising resulted in
the first War of Independence in 1857, the quelling of
which led to the abolition in 1858 of the East India
Company and the transfer of the administration of
India to the British Crown.
The struggle for freedom from the foreign yoke did
not stop even when the British were using all the
means of repression typical of a colonial power. Among
the pioneers of the freedom fighters of the twentieth
century the name of Bhagat Singh shines bright and
illuminates the history of the Subcontinent striving for
independence. His efforts and sacrifice might not have
brought the desired results immediately but it was he,
and others of his like, that kept the spirit of struggle
kindled and light of hope alight, and to get to the goal

6
perhaps much sooner than the alien oppressors might
have thought.

The Family and Childhood

The family of Bhagat Singh had migrated from a
village known as Khattkarr Kalan in the Jullundar
district to settle permanently in Chak No. 105/G.B.
Banga Chak in tehsil Jarranwala of the Lyallpur (now
Faisalabad) district of Punjab. Here he was born on
28th September 1907 into this Sandhu Jat family of
father Sardar Kishan Singh and mother Vidyavati. His
arrival was taken as a good omen for the family and,
as such, his grandmother gave him the name of
BhagaN wala, or the lucky one. However, with time it
changed into Bhagat with the meaning of devotee,
adding to it Singh with Sikh identity. Bhagat Singh
was the eldest among his two brothers Kulbir Singh
and Kulnar Singh and three sisters; Amar Kaur,
Sumitra Kaur and Shakuntala.
Bhagat Singh, always thought to be one of the
most influential revolutionaries of the Independence of
the South Asia Subcontinent, had a long family history
of many a freedom activist, who had been fighting
against the exploitative and brutal rule of the British.
While some of his family members had participated in
movements supporting the independence of India
others had earlier served in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's
army. His grandfather, Sardar Arjun Singh Sandhu,
was a follower of Swami Dayananda Saraswatis Arya
Samaj. His uncles, Ajit Singh and Swaran Singh, as
well as his father were members of the Ghadar
(literally mutiny or revolution) Party, led by Kartar
Singh Sarabha Grewal and Har Dyal. Ajit Singh was
forced to flee to Persia (Iran) because of pending cases
against him while Swaran Singh was hanged on 19
December 1927 for his involvement in the Kakori train

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robbery of 1925 another of the events linked with
freedom struggle.
Bhagat Singh was sensitive child with restive soul
right from his childhood. He was naturally imbibed with
the revolutionary thinking and ideology that glowed all
around him in the family. He spat hate at his English
enemy right from his early ages. It is said that when
he was hardly two or three years old, he was playing
on the ground with some straws fixed in the ground.
When asked as to what was he doing, he replied that
he was sowing dambooqan (guns).
When the massacre of Jallianwala Bagh took place
in 1919, he was just a lad of twelve but he chose to
travel all the way to the site that represented the
extreme of the cruelty at the hands of the British and
brought from there the blood-drenched dust to remind
him ever after of the nature of his foe.

Educational Career
Unlike many Sikhs his age, Singh did not attend
Khalsa High School in Lahore, because his grandfather
did not approve of the school officials' loyalist stance to
the British authorities. Instead, his father enrolled him
in Dayanand Anglo Vedic (DAV) High School. At the
age of 13, Bhagat Singh began to follow Mahatama
Gandhis Non-Cooperation Movement. At this point he
had openly defied the British and had followed Gandhi's
wishes by burning his government-school books and
any British-imported clothing. Following Gandhi's
withdrawal of the movement after the murders of
policemen by villagers from Chauri Chaura, Uttar
Pradesh, disenchanted and disgruntled with Gandhi's
non-violence (Ahinsa) action, joined the Young
Revolutionary Movement and began advocating a
violent movement against the British.

8
In 1923, Bhagat Singh famously won an essay
competition set by the Punjab Hindi Sahitya
Sammelan. This brought Bhagat Singh in the lime light
and instantly attracted the eye of members of the
Punjab Hindi Sahitya Sammelan including its General
Secretary Professor Bhim Sen Vidyalankar. At this age,
he felt at ease with quoting famous Punjabi literature
and discussing the problems of Punjab. He was a keen
reader and had gone through a lot of poetry and
literature, which was written by Punjabi writers. He
was attracted to Allama Iqbal, who was his favourite
poet.

Making of a complete revolutionary

In his teenage years, Bhagat Singh started
studying at the National College in Lahore, but ran
away from home to escape early marriage when his
family was ready to betroth him. At this stage, in 1926,
he became a member of the organisation Naujawan
Bharat Sabha (Youth Society of India). In the
Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Bhagat Singh and his fellow
revolutionaries grew popular amongst the youth.
He also joined the Hindustan Republican
Association at the introduction of his history teacher,
Professor Vidyalankar. This organization had such
prominent
leaders
as
Ram
Prasad
Bismil,
Chandrashekhar Azad and Ashfaq ullah Khan. It is
believed that he went to Kanpur to attempt free Kakori
train robbery prisoners from jail, but returned to
Lahore for unknown reasons.
On the day of Dusehra in October 1926, a bomb
was blasted in Lahore, and Bhagat Singh was arrested
for his alleged involvement in this Dusehra Bomb Case
on 29 May 1927. He was, however, released on a bail
of Rs.60,000 after about five weeks of his arrest.

9
In the meanwhile he had also been engaged
actively in writing and journalistic career and edited
Urdu and Punjabi newspapers published from Amritsar.
From May to September, 1928, Bhagat Singh serially
published several articles on anarchism in Punjabi
periodical Kirti.
In September 1928, a meeting of various
revolutionaries from across India was called at
Delhi under the banner of the Kirti Kissan Party.
Bhagat Singh was the secretary of the meet. His later
revolutionary activities were carried out as a leader of
this association.
In 1928, The British government created a
commission under Sir John Simon to report on the then
current political situation in India. The Indian political
parties boycotted the commission because it did not
include a single Indian as its member and it was met
with protests all over the country. When the
commission visited Lahore on 30 October 1928, a
protest was held under the leadership of Lala Lajpat
Rai. The protesters were met with violent action by the
police while their leader was also severely beaten up
resulting in his death. The incident greatly moved
Bhagat Singh, who later was taken as revolutionary
with arms.

Murder of Saunders
Later, joining with other revolutionaries like
Shivaram Rajguru, Jai Gopal and Sukhdev Thapar, he
planned to kill the Lahore Police Chief, Scott. However,
due to a mistaken identity, the Deputy Chief, J. P.
Saunders, was gunned down while Bhagat Singh
immediately left Lahore to live in disguise to avoid
recognition.

10
Bomb in Assembly
In the face of actions by the revolutionaries, the
British government enacted the Defence of India Act to
give more power to the police, already a brutal force.
The purpose of the Act was to combat revolutionaries
like Bhagat Singh with the strongest iron hand.
However, the Act was then passed under the
ordinance. In response to this act, the Hindustan
Socialist Republican Association planned to explode a
bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly where the
ordinance was going to be passed. It was decided that
Bhagat Singh should go to Russia, while Batukeshwar
Dutt should carry on the bombing with Sukhdev.
Sukhdev then forced Bhagat Singh to call for another
meeting and here it was decided, against the initial
agreement, which Batukeshwar Dutt and Bhagat Singh
would carry on the bombing
On 8 April 1929, Singh and Dutt threw a bomb
onto the corridors of the assembly and shouted
"Inquilab
Zindabad!"
("Long
Live
the
Revolution!"). This was followed by a shower of leaflets
stating that it takes a loud voice to make the deaf
hear. In the leaflet he had also stated that it is easy to
kill individuals but you cannot kill the ideas. Great
empires crumbled while the ideas survived.
The bomb, in accordance with the plan of the
revolutionaries, neither killed nor injured anyone;
Singh and Dutt claimed that this was deliberate on
their part, a claim substantiated both by British
forensics investigators, who found that the bomb was
not powerful enough to cause injury, and by the fact
that the bomb was thrown away from people, as its
apparent motive was to record a very strong protest.
Singh and Dutt gave themselves up for arrest after the
blast. Both of them were sentenced to Transportation
for Life because of this act on 12 June 1929.

11

Trial and Death Sentence

On 15 April 1929, the 'Lahore Bomb Factory' was
discovered by the Lahore police, and the other
members of HSRA were arrested, out of which 7 turned
informants, helping the police to connect Bhagat Singh
in the murder of J. P. Saunders. It was thus again in
history that the traitors were at work against the
freedom fighters. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and
Sukhdev were charged with the murder. Bhagat Singh
decided to use the court as a tool to publicise his cause
for the independence of India. The case was ordered to
be carried out without members of the HSRA present
at the hearing. This created uproar amongst Bhagat
Singh's supporters as he could no longer publicise his
views.
While in jail, Bhagat Singh and other prisoners
launched a hunger strike advocating for the rights of
prisoners and those facing trial. The reason for the
strike was that British murderers and thieves were
treated better than Indian political prisoners, who, by
law, were meant to be given better rights. He also
demanded that political prisoners should not be forced
to do any labour or undignified work. During this
hunger strike that lasted 63 days and ended with the
British succumbing to his wishes, he gained much
popularity among the common Indians.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, one of the influential
politicians present when the Central Legislative
Assembly was bombed, made no secret of his
sympathies for the Lahore prisoners. On 12th and 14th
September 1929, in Central Assembly, Muhammad Ali
Jinnah made a long speech in context of Bhagat Singh
and his companions hunger strike and British
imperialist design to hang these patriots with the sham
of a trial in absence of the accused. It was the time,

12
when even many Congressmen in the Assembly had
condemned Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt for throwing
bombs in assembly on 8th April 1929, for which they
were transported for life, within one month in May
1929. When they went on hunger strike in jail in
protest against misbehaviour with them by jail staff
and to demand status of political prisoners and human
behaviour with them in jail, British came with an
amendment in the Criminal Procedure Code waiving
the condition of presence of accused or their pleader in
the court, thus by a sham trial convicting them in
hurried manner.
While participating in the debate in Central
Assembly on British bill, on 12th September, 1929, Mr.
Jinnah said, The man who goes on hunger strike has a
soul. He is moved by the soul and he believes in the
justice of his cause. Jinnah challenged law member of
the assembly to starve himself a little to know the
impact of hunger strike on human body by saying- it is
not everybody who can go on starving himself to
death. Try it for a little while and you will see.
Jinnahs speech began on 12 Sept. and was
concluded on 14th Sept. He put the British Government
on mat by his brilliant exposure of British design Dont you think that, instead of trying to proceed with
an iron hand and pursuing a policy of repression
against your own subjects, it would be better if you
realized the root cause of the resentment and of the
struggle that the people are carrying on?
Jinnah even warned the government in this
context- Money of the tax payer will not be wasted in
prosecuting men, nay citizens, who are fighting and
struggling for the freedom of their country. In the view
of many a writer and politician Jinnah had high esteem
for Bhagat Singh and his companions. Jinnah also said

13
that if this amendment was passed then the trial would
be just a travesty of justice.
However, the Amendment was carried through by
55 votes against 47. Jinnah had voted against. Even in
February 1929 speech in assembly he also pleaded for
the release of Sikh leaders gaoled in connection with
Sikh Gurdwara.
An abortive plan had been made to rescue
Bhagat Singh and fellow inmates of HSRA from the jail,
for the purpose of which Bhagwati Charan Vohra made
bombs, but died making them as they exploded
accidentally.
Bhagat Singh also maintained the use of a diary,
which he eventually made to fill 404 pages. In this
diary he made numerous notes relating to the
quotations and popular sayings of various people
whose views he supported.

Bhagat Singh Martyred

After the pronouncement of the death penalty
when Bhagat Singh's father petitioned the British
government to pardon his son, Bhagat Singh quoted
Terence MacSwiney and said, "I am confident that my
death will do more to smash the British Empire than
my release" and told his father to withdraw the
petition.
It is a common belief that Mahatama Gandhi, with
his own clout and influence, had an opportunity to stop
Bhagat Singh's execution. But he did not. A theory in
the air tells that Gandhi actively conspired with the
British to have Bhagat Singh executed though during
his lifetime, Gandhi always maintained that he was a
great admirer of Bhagat Singh's patriotism.
On 23 March 1931, Bhagat Singh was hanged
in with his fellows, Rajguru and Sukhdev. His
supporters, who had been protesting against the

14
hanging, immediately declared him as a shaheed or
martyr. The first to pronounce him was the renowned
Muslim writer, poet, journalist Maulana Zafar Ali
Khan, the editor of the influential and widely circulated
Urdu newspaper, Zamindar. He also published in the
issue of the paper following the day of hanging moving
stanzas declaring him and his companions as martyrs.
According to the Superintendent of Police at the
time, V.N. Smith, the hanging was advanced to avoid
any public reaction causing difficulties for the
government. At about 7 pm shouts of Inquilab
Zindabad (Long live the revolution) were heard from
inside the jail. This was correctly, interpreted as a
signal that the final curtain was about to drop.
He had expressed, as his last wish before being
hanged, the desire to get Amrit from Panj
Pyare including Randhir Singh and to adorn the 4 Ks,
the visible signs of a Sikh. However, the wish remained
ungranted by the British. So against his last wish his
body was not handed over to his heirs or friends,
again, fearing a strong reaction from the public much
charged with emotions against the British government.
He was cremated at Hussainiwala on banks of Sutlej
River by the government functionaries.
Shaheed Bhagat Singhs death had the effect that
he desired and he inspired thousands of youths to
assist the remained of the Indian Independence
Movement. After his hanging, youths in regions,
especially around Northern part of British India, rioted
in protest against the British Raj and Gandhi.

15

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17

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18

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EGWA. EeS TR|a EKSANa DI HwSIWT KRAeQDAR VRGI SI. EKSAN WAPiI
zMIN EKSQQ No^ NA VQC SKDA SI WTQ NA EeS ESLSLQ C EKSQ KhRl C
MOKYDMA KITA JA SKDA SI. PEHLa EKSAN MALIWA WNAJ DQ RoP C
E]D^DA SI. PR HOi UOHNo^ MALIWA PwSIWa DI sKL C bRNA Pw[DA SI.
EKSANa NQ MJBoR HhKQ sAHoKARa KhLh[ EBWAJ TQ PwSA LwiA sORo KITA.
EJHDQ ESYlQ C UOH KRzeI HhKQ M^DQ HALa No^ PHO^C GeQ. EeS KANo^N NQ
SoBQ Br C LhKa No^ PRQsAN KR EDYTA. EeS SEtTI C 1907eI C WJIT
E]S^g NQ EeK LEHR WR^b KITI EJHNo^ PGrI S^bAL JYlA LEHR EKHA
JaDA Hw. UOHNQ E]P^X E]P^X EFR KQ LhKa No^ EeS KANo^N No^ SVIKAR NA
KRN LeI UObAERWA. VY]kh VYk taVa TQ EeKYpa C EKSANa Th[ W^GopQ
LVA KQ VCN LeQ GeQ EK UOH lwKS NHI[ bRNGQ. SAMRAJI SRKAR No^
MAErWa DA ESR COKiA UOY]KA NA bAEeWA. UOHNQ WJIT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ
SAtIWa EVROYd RAVLE]P^XI C B~AVT DA MOKYDMA KAEeM KITA. UOHNo^

19

KALQ PAiI DI SzA SOiA KQ BRMa DI MaDLQ JQL| C gYL EDYTA EGWA.
KOYj ECR MGRh[ UOHNo^ ERHA KR EDYTA EGWA, MGR UOHNQ WAPiI WzADI
DI RAH Th[ HliA GVARA NA KITA. UOHNQ EfR RAJNITK SRGRMIWa
chHIWa Ta UOHNo^ EfR B~AVT DQ JORM C FrN DI KhEss KITI GeI, PR
UOH EH^DOSTAN Th[ EeRAN fRAR HhKQ BAEHRLQ DQsa C REH KQ DQS DI
WzADI DIWa SRGRMIWa bAG Lw[DA ERHA.
EeH SI bGT E]S^g DQ PZVAR DA EPchKr. HOi WwSQ ~wRTM^D PZVAR
DA POYTR, WTQ UOH VI bGT E]S^g bLA EKVQ[ ~OLAMANA ShC DA
MAELK Hh SKDA SI.
EeK Ta gYR DA MAHhL EeNKLABI UOY]Th[ UOH WAP VI BALPi Th[
HI EeS PASQ KOYj VYd HI PZQERT SI. EKHA JaDA Hw EK ET^N CAR SAL DI
UOMRQ EeK VARI UOH EMYlI C TILQ VAr ERHA SI. EKSQ NQ UOHNo^ POEcWA
KI KR ERHA Hw[? UOHDA UO]YTR SI D^BoKa (B^DoKa) GYX ERHa. EeS Th[
EVCAR HO^DA Hw EK UOHDQ W^DR SAMRAJ EVROYd NfRT DA E]K^NA VYXA
JVALAMOkI BYL ERHA SI.
JDh[ 1919eI C JELWaVALA BA~ DI glNA VAPRI Ta UOHDI UOMR
KQVL BAR|a VR|Q SI. UOH W^EMZTSR EGWA WTQ JELWaVALA BA~ Ch[
sHIDa DQ LHo C EbYJI EMYlI DI MOYp WAPiQ NAL Lw WAEeWA. EeH EMYlI
UOHDQ W^DR HR DM Ee^TKAM WTQ EeNKLAB DQ BolQ No^ SYJRA RYkDI.
bGT E]S^g DQ SOEHRD SObAW TQ RQsMI ROMAL LEHR WTQ ~DR
PARlI DQ EeNKLABIWa DIWa sHIDIWa VRGIWa glNAVa DA Xo^gA PZbAV
EPWA. UOH ~DR PARlI DQ MHAN WzADI gOLAlIeQ KZTAR E]S^g SRAbA DI
s#SIWT Th[ BrA PZbAEVT SI WTQ UOHNo^ WAPiA WADRs EMtDA SI.
1920eI C JDh[ ESYka NQ SZI NNKAiA SAEHB C SEtT GORo NANK
SAEHB DA JNM WStAN EH^Do MH^Ta DQ KBzQ Th[ cOXAVi DI KhEss
KITI. Ta MH^T NRAEeio DAS DQ ~O^EXWa NQ ENHYtQ ESYka TQ fAEeE]R^G KR
EDYTI. EeS Th[ VYk UOS ESYk JYtQ DI WGVAeI KRN VALQ JYtQDAR bAeI
LcMi ES^g No^ GORDVARQ C SEtT J^X DQ EeK ROYk NAL B^N| KQ WYG
LA EDYTI GeI. EeS #oNI glNA EPYch[ EeK EDN bGT E]S^g NQ LAHqR Th[
LAEeLPOR JaEDWa SZI NNKAiA SAEHB DI yATRA KITI. UO]Yth[ UOH EeHNa
sHIDa DA KwL^XR VI gYR Lw WAEeWA. ESYk KqM NAL EeS VdIKI DA
bGT ES^g DQ MN TQ BrA Xo^gA WTQ NAbOYLiyhG PZbAV EPWA.

20

ESEkWA
bGT ES^g NQ PRAEeMRI Ta E]P^X Ch[ PAS KITI WTQ EfR UOHNo^
XI.eQ.VI. (EDWAN^D Ww[GLh VwEDK) HAeI SKoL LAHqR C DA#L KRVA
EDYTA EGWA. WJQ UOH NaVI[ KLAS C SI JDhh[ NAEMLVRTi DI LEHR
CYLI, EJHDQ NTIJQ C SARQ SRKARI SKoLa DA BAEeKAl sORo Hh EGWA
WTQ WzADI gOLAlIWa NQ NwsNL KAELJ khL EDYTQ. KAELJ C DA#L
Hhi LeI MwlRK HhiA zRoRI SI. PR bGT ES^g WJQ MwlRK NHI[ SI.
UOHNQ Dh MHINQ KrI MEHNT KR KQ KALJ DA UOH EeMETHAN PAS KR
ELWA EJHrA MwlRK BRABR yhGTA ESYd KRN VASTQ sRT SI, WTQ
KAELJ C DA#L Hh EGWA. 1922eI C UOHNQ NwsNL KALJ Th[ Ee^lR
KITA.

KRaTIKARI SRGRMIWa C bAG LwiA

Ee^lR MGRh[ bGT ES^g DQ MAEPWa NQ UOHDA EVWAH KRNA CAEHWA
Ta UOH ROYS KQ KANPOR lOR EGWA. EeYtQ UOHDI MOLAKAT KRaTIKARI EVCAR
RYki VALQ LhKa NAL HheI. WTQ UOHNQ WAPiQ WAP No^ W^GZQz SAMRAJ DQ
EVROYd yOYd LeI zEHNI TqR TQ ETWAR KR ELWA. DoJQ PASQ UOHDQ gR
VALQ BrQ PQRsAN SN. UOHDQ EPTA NQ BrQ yTNa NAL UOHDA XAK DA
PTA LYb KQ UOHNo^ PYTR ELEkWA EK UOH VAPS gR WA JAVQ. PR UOH NA
M^ENWA. UOHNI[ EDNI[, bGT ES^g, MqLANA HSRT MhHANI DQQ KANPOR C
SEtT ShDQsI SlhR TQ JAEeWA KRDA SI. SARQ KRaTIKARI HSRT HORa DA
BHOT WADR KRDQ SN. bGT ES^g DQ PTA JI NQ HSRT MhHANI No^ PYTR
ELk KQ BQNTI KITI EK EKSQ TR|a bGT E]S^g No^ SMjA KQ gYR gYL EDu.
WSI[ UOHNo^ EVWAH LeI MJBoR NHI[ KRaGQ. W#IR UON|a DQ SMjAUOi TQ
bGT E]S^g gR VAPS lOR EGWA. EJYtQ UOHDQ EPTA NQ UOHNo^ EfR EVWAH
LeI KDI MJBoR NHI[ KITA.
1921eI C GORDVARA SOdAR LEHR WR^b HhGeI SI. EeS LEHR DA
MKSD ESYk GORDVAERWa No^ EJHrQ EK EH^Do MH^Ta DQ KBzQ HQp SN, Th[
WzAD KRVAUOiA SI. EeHNa GORDVAERWa C EH^Do EVCARdARA DA PRCAR
Hh ERHA SI WTQ ESYk P^t TQ EH^Do R^G CAr| KQ UOHDI PcAi EMlAUOi
DIWa KhEssa Hh RHIWa SN. NALQ UOYtQ R^XIBAzI WTQ WYyAsI KR KQQ
GORDVAERWa DI PEVTRTA No^ EMYlI C RhELWA JA ERHA SI. ESYka NQ
WAPiQ GORDVAERWa No^ WzAD KRVAUOi LeI VYkh VYk SEMWa C MhRCQ
LAeQ. W^GZQz SRKAR NQ EeHNa MhRECWa No^ ~wR-KANo^NI EMYt EDYTA.

21

1925eI C bGT ES^g DQ EP^X B^GA DQ KhLh[ NAbQ JAUOi VALA

MhRCA L^g ERHA SI. E]P^X VAELWa No^ SRKAR NQ MN|A KITA SI EK EeS
JYtQ DI KheI WADR SQVA NA KRQ. KheI EeHNa NAL SEHyhG NA KRQ.
MGR EJS VQLQ EeH MhRCA B^GQ KhLh[ L^EgWA. Ta SRDAR bGT ES^g NQ
EeS JYtQ No^ E]P^X C ROKVA KQ UOHDQ LeI L^GR PAiI DA PZB^d KITA WTQ
UON|a DI SQVA KITI. E]P^X C MqJoD SoHIWa NQ EeHDI #BR WYGQ lhR EDYTI.
ESYlQ VJh[ SRKAR NQ bGT ES^g DQ VAR^l KYx EDYTQ.
SZ. bGT ES^g No^ MJBoRN E]P^X cYX KQ LAHqR JAiA EPWA, EfR
UOYth[ UOH EDYLI lOR EGWA WTQ UOYtQ BLV^T DQ fRzI Na HQp VIR WRJN
W#BAR C K^M KRDA ERHA. MhRCQ DQ MOYKi MGRh[ bGT ES^g LAHqqR WA
EGWA WTQ EeYt EKZTI EKSAN LEHR C K^M KRNA chH EDYTA. ShHN ES^g
Jhs NAL EML KQ UOHNQ EKZTI W#BAR C LQk VI ELkQ.

NqJVAN bART SbA

EH^DOSTAN DQ LhKI[ GadI DQ WEH^SA DQ EVCAR Th[ BrQ WYKQ HheQ SN.
UON|a DA EVCAR SI EK EeH fLSfA WSLh[ W^GZQz WTQ GadI DI GYpJhr
DA NTIJA SI EJHDA MKSD EH^DOSTANIWa No^ W^GZQza DQ EVROYd WMLI
EJYDh-JEHD Th[ RhKiA Hw.
MARC 1926eI C NqJVAN bART SbA DI NI[H RYkI GeI. RAM
EKsN No^ EeHDA PZdAN WTQ bGT ES^g No^ JNRL SKYTR COEiWA EGWA.
NqJVAN bART SbA DQ DoJQ LIXRa C C^DR sQkR WzAD, bGVTI CRN,
JTN DAS WTQ MASlR MhlA ES^g WAED sAEML SN. NqJVAN bART
SbA DA MKSD BRTANVI SAMRAJ DA W^T WTQ EeK KqMI LhKT^TR DI
StAPiA SI. bGT ES^g WTQ UOSDQ SAtIWa NQ W^EMZTSR, LOEdWAiA,
MOLTAN, SRGhdA WTQ ESWALKhl C NqJVAN bART SbA DIWa S^StAVa
StAPT KITIWa.
ST^BR 1926eI C KQDARNAt SEHGL NQ P^JAB DQ NqJVANa WYGQ
BQNTI DQ ESRLQk WdIN EeK P^fLl JARI KITA EJS C LALA LAJPT
RAeQ No^ DQs DRhHI EKHA EGWA. KaGRS DI SETEGRA DI WSFLTA VL
LhKa DA EdWAN KQ[DERT KREDWa EKHA EGWA EK PZB^d DI TBDILI LeI
HEtWAR COKiA zRoRI Hw.
1927eI C DOSEHRQ DI EeK glNA DQ WdAR TQ SRKAR NQ bGT
ES^g TQ jopA KQS PAEeWA WTQ EGZfTAR KRKQ LAHqR EKL|Q C WTQ EfR
JQL| C REkWA. POLS DA KEHiA SI EK bGT ES^g DOSEHRQ DI bIr TQ

22

B^B SOliA CAHO^DA SI. HALaJh UOHDA MKSD KDQ VI WAPiQ DQs VASIWa
No^ NOKSAN PHO^CAUOiA NHI[ SI. SBoT KheI NHI[ SI, Sh KOYj ECR MARKOYl MGRh[ UOHNo^ ERHA KR EDYTA EGWA.

SaXRS DA KTL
1927eI C SAEeMN KMIsN EH^DOSTAN WAEeWA. EeS KMIsN DA
MKSD bART C S^EVdANK Shda ELWAiA SI. EeS KMIsN DQ SARQ EM^BR
W^GZQz SN. EKSQ EH^DOSTANI No^ EeS C sAML NHI[ KITA EGWA SI. EJHDQ
KARN EeS KMIsN DQ EVROYd RhS DI EeK VXI LEHR NQ JNM ELWA.
JDh[ EeH KMIsN LAHqR WPErWA Ta LhKa DI EeK VYXI bIr NQ KALIWa
j^XIWa NAL EeSDA SVAGT KITA. LhKa C BrA RhH VQki No^ EML ERHA
SI. EfR VI bIr NQ KheI KANo^N DQ EVROYd HRKT NHI[ SI KITI. MGR
WwYS.PI. SKAl NQ bIr TQ X^XQ ShlQ CLVA EDYTQ. LhKa DI EeK VYXI EGiTI
EeS KARVAeI C bwrI TR|a FYlr HheI.
bGT ES^g WTQ UOSDQ SAtI Ta PEHLa HI W^GZQz SAMRAJ DQ EVROYd
bRQ PeQ SN. HOi UON|a EeS zALMANA KARVAeI DA BDLA Lwi DA ShC
ELWA. EeK MIEl^G MGRh[ bGT ES^g, RAJGORo, SOkDQV, C^DR sQkR WzAD
WTQ Jw GhPAL No^ WwYS.PI. JQ eQ SKAl No^ GhLI MARN DA K^M Sh[EPWA
EGWA. 7 DS^BR 1928eI No^ UOH EXSlERKl POLS WAfS DQ NQrQ WPrQ.
GhPAL NQ SKAl BARQ DSiA SI. Jw GhPAL NQ WAPiQ SAtIWa No^ EesARA
KITA PR UOHNQ ~LTI KITI. EJS B^DQ No^ UOH SKAl SMj RHQ SN, UOH
WSLh[ UOSDA SwEK^X JQ.PI. SaXRS SI. UON|a MhlR SAEeKL SlARl KRDQ
SaXRS No^ GhLI DA ENsANA BiAEeWA WTQ UOYth[ NYS GeQ. UON|a DQ MGR
EeK POLS HVALDAR C^Ni ES^g LG EGWA. EJS KARN MJBoRN UON|a
No^ UOS TQ GhLI CLAiI PeI.
HOi bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa DA LAHqR C REHiA #TRQ Th[
#ALI NHI[ SI. POLS ta ta cAPQ MAR RHI SI. Sh UON|a P^JAB Th[ ENKL
JAUOi DA fwSLA KITA. bGT ES^g lRQN RAHI[ KLKYTA JA PHO^ECWA. UOS
VQQLQ UOHNQ ESR TQ fLwl Hwl PAeI SI WTQ Sol TQ uVRKhl PAEeWA
HhEeWA SI.
KOYj ECR MGRh[ UOH VAPS P^JAB PZT WAEeWA.

EDYLI LwEJSLQElV WS^BLI C dMAKA

EeSQ EVCKAR W^GZQz SRKAR NQ Dh KANo^N PBELK SQflI EBL WTQ
lRQXRz EXSEPUol JAio KRVAeQ. SQflI EBL DA MKSD Ta SRKAR No^

23

EKSQ VI EVWKTI No^ EBNA MOKYDMA CLAeQ EGZfTAR KRKQ KwD KRNA SI
WTQ DoJQ EBL (lRQQXRz EXSEPUol EBL) DA MKSD MzDoRa No^ HrTAL
Th[ RhKiA SI. EeH DhVQ[ EBL LhK-EVRhdI SN. EeHNa DA MKSD
BRTANVI SAMRAJ DQ JBR No^ HhR VdAUOiA SI. EeH DhVQ[ KANo^N S^lRL
LwEJSLQElV Kq[SL NQ Ta NKAR EDYTQ PR GVRNR JNRL NQ WAPiQ
EVsQs WEdKAR VRTEDWa EeHNa No^ DOBARA LAGo KR EDYTA. NqJVAN
bART SbA NQ JLSQ KITQ WTQ EeHNa KANo^Na DI EN^EDWA KITI. MGR EfR
VI SRKAR NQ LhK-EVCARa DI PRVAH NA KREDWa EeHNa KANo^Na No^
VAPS Lwi Th[ EeNKAR KR EDYTA.
WAPiI PARlI DI EVCARdARA DA PRCAR KREDWa BRTANVI HKoMT
No^ V^GARi WTQ UOP-MHaDIP DQ SOYTQ HheQ LhKa No^ HLoiA DQQi LeI bGT
ES^g WTQ BI.KQ.DYT No^ EDYLI WS^BLI C Sw[PL B^B SOYli DI Ez^MQVARI
EDYTI GeI, EJS DA MTLB #oN #RABA NHI[, SGh[ LhK-EVRhdI KANo^Na
EVROYd WAPiI WVAz UOYCI KRNA SI. LARX EeRVN NQ DhVa EBLa TQ
EVCAR LeI 28 WPZwL, 1929eI DA EDN EMEtWA. EeNKLABIWa NQ VI
UOH EDN EVRhdTA KRN LeI COEiWA. bGT ES^g WTQ DYT NQ KQQ[DRI
WS^BLI HAL C WAGRA DI EeK fwKlRI C BiQ HheQ B^B SOYl KQ
BRTANVI SRKAR No^ bwEPT KRN DI KhEss KITI. B^B SOYli MGRh[ UOH
UOYth[ fRAR NHI[ HheQ, SGh[ EeH NAWRQBAzI KRDQ RHQ EeNKLAB
Ez^DABAD. SAMRAJ MORDABAD WAED.
EeHNa B^Ba DA BrA HI gYl NOKSAN HhEeWA WTQ EeHNa DA
MKSD VI thrA EJHA shR PAiA WTQ DOENWA DA EdWAN EH^DOSTAN DI
SEtTI VL KQ[DERT KRVAUOiA SI. bGT ES^g WTQ DYT NQ B^B SOYli DI
Ez^MQVARI WPAiQ ESR Lw LeI WTQ WwLAN KITA EK UON|a DQ EeS DLIRI
bRQ KARQ DA MKSD EeH SI:
1. EeHNa B^Ba DA MKSD EKSQ DI zAT No^ NOKSAN PHO^CAUOiA NHI[
SGh[ DOENWA No^ EeH DSiA SI EK EH^DOSTANI LhK EK^NQ MJBoR
WTQ BQVYS HN.
2. DOENWA No^ VkAUOiA SI EK SAMRAJI HOKMRAN EK^NQ zALM HN
WTQ UON|a EH^DOSTAN DQ LhKa No^ ~OLAMI DA JIVN JIUOi TQ MJBoR
KITA HhEeWA Hw.

24
3.

4.
5.

UON|a DA MKSD MJBoR WTQ MzLhM LhKa DQ RhH No^ DOENWA

SAHMiQ ELWAUOiA SI EJHrQ WAPiIWa MOSIBTa WTQ MzLoMIWT
DA PZGlAVA NHI[ KR SKDQ.
EeHNa DA MKSD SRKAR DQ BqLQ K^Na WTQ LhKa DIWa bAVNAVa
No^ Wi-GEHLQ KITQ JAUOi DI NITI EVROYd EeK VAREN^G DQiA SI.
WEH^SA DQ BQKAR fLSfQ DI HKIKT LhKa TQ SPsl HhJAVQ Ta JQ
UON|a No^ EeHSAS HheQ EK EeS PZKAR DIWA NITIWa NAL WzADI DI
M^EzL PZAPT NHI[ KITI JA SKDI.

SQflI EBL VRGQ KANo^Na NAL EH^DOSTAN C WzADI DI LEHR No^

DBAEeWA NHI[ JA SKDA.

KhRl lARAEeL:
7 MeI 1929eI No^ EGZfTARI DQ EeK MHINQ MGRh[ DYT WTQ bGT
ES^g DQ EVROYd EDYLI WS^BLI B^B KQS WR^b HhEeWA. WwEXsNL
MwEJSlRQl Wwf.BI.PhL DI WDALT C KQS CELWA. BwERSlR WAESf
WLI bGT ES^g WTQ DYT VYLh[ WDALT C VKIL DQ TqR TQ PQs HheQ. DhVQ[
EeNKLABI EeNKLAB Ez^DABAD WTQ SAMRAJ MORDABAD DQ NAWRQ
LaDQ RHQ EJS Th[ KAVr C WA KQ MwEJSlRQl NQ UON|a No^ KhRl C
HtKrIWa LA KQ PQs KRN DA HOKM EDYTA. UON|a TQ dARA 307 WTQ
EVSFhlK SMYGRI WwKl 1908 DI dARA 3 DQ Dhs LA KQ EeH KQS SwsN
KhRl C W^GZQz JJ ELUoNARX MXELlN DI WDALT C gYL EDYTA
EGWA. JYJ NQ 21 JoN 1929eI No^ PYkPAT DA PZGlAVA KREDWa DhVa
NqJVANa No^ UOMR KwD DI SzA SOiAeI. EeH SARI WDALTI KARVAeI EeK
fRAX WTQ kOYLA dhkA SI. jopQ GVAH PQs KITQ GeQ. EeK WwSA HI jopA
GVAH W^GZQz SARJ^l lwRI SI EJHNQ EeH GVAHI EDYTI EK WS^BLI C
B^B dMAKQ MGRh[ EGZfTARI VQLQ EeHNa KhLh[ PSThL BRAMD HhEeWA.
EeS EVCKAR NqJVAN bART SbA DQ KAEMWa DIWa VYXI PYdR TQ
EGZfTARIWa HO^DIWa RHIWa. EeHDQ NAL HI JDh[ LAHqR DI EeK fwKlRI Th[
B^Ba DI EeK VYXI EGiTI HADSATI TqR TQ POLS DQ HYt LYG GeI Ta
SOYkDQV WTQ EKshRI LAL SiQ BHOT SARQ EM^BRa No^ EGZfTAR KR ELWA
EGWA. MGRh[ JDh[ JwPAL WTQ H^S RAJ VOHRA NQ POLS DQ SAHMiQ JORM
DA EeKBAL KR ELWA Ta EH^DOSTAN ShsELSl RIPBLIKN WwShSIeQsN
DQ xQR KAEMWa WTQ WAGoWa No^ Fr ELWA EGWA. ~DR PARlI VALA

25

XRAMA EfR DOHRAEeWA EGWA. EKUo[Jh POLS TsYDD DI W#IR MGRh[ JDh[
KeI EM^BRa DA KheI VYS NA CELWA Ta UON|a PARlI DQ SARQ RAz UOGL
EDYTQ WTQ SRKARI GVAH BiNA MNzoR KR ELWA. EeHNa SRKARI GVAH
BiN VAELWA C PARlI DI S^lRL KMQlI DQ SYT EM^BR VI sAML SN.
EeHNa glNAVa NQ LAHqR SAEzS KQS No^ JNM EDYTA. EeNKLABIWa
EVROYd DQs DRhH DQ NVI[ KQS DRJ KITQ GeQ.

LAHqR SAEzS KQS DQ HALAT WTQ VAEKWAT:

10 JOLAeI 1930eI No^ LAHqR SAEZzs KQS DI SOiVAeI WR^b HheI.
bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtI KhRl lRAEeL DQ DqRAN NAWRQBAzI KRDQ
RHQ., KeI VAR UON|a JQL| Th[ KhRl JAUOi Th[ NaH KR EDYTI. EKUO[Jh UOH
EeS KhRl lRAEeL EPYcQ LOKI BRTANVI SRKAR DI BDNITI BARQ C^GI
TR|a JAio SN. WKToBR 1930eI C VAEeSRAeQ DQ EeK EVsQs WARXINw[S
WdIN MOKYDMQ DI SOiVAeI B^D KMRQ C Hhi LYGI, EJHDQ C MOLzMa Ja
GVAHa DI HAzRI VI zRoRI NHI[ SI. EeH SI W^GRZQz DQ ENWa WTQ
RAJNITK WzADI DA DIVALIWAPN. KhRl DQ EeKYLM EeKYLQ EH^DOSTANI
J^J EJHNa DA Na SYJAD HOSwN DESWA JaDA Hw, KhRl DQ WENWAeQ PoRN
SbA EVROYd RhS DQ TqR TQ WSTIfA DQ EDYTA.
KwD DQ DqRAN JQL| C RAJNITK KwDIWa DI SEtTI DQ SOdAR LeI
bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa VYLh[ L^MI bOYk HrTAL KITI GeI. UON|a
RAJNITK KwDIWa DQ LeI JQL C SHoLTa DI M^G KITI. EKUo[Jh UOS VQLQ
RAJNITK KwDIWa NAL DoJQ JORMa C SzA KYli VALQ KwDIWa VRGA HI
SLoK KITA JaDA SI. JQL| KRMCARIWa NQ UON|a No^ zBRDSTI kAiA
kVAUOi DIWa BtQRIWa KhEssa KITIWa PR SARIWa WSfL RHIWa.
SRKAR WAPiI WrI TQ KAEeM RHI. bGT ES^g DA EeK SAtI DAS 63
EDNa DI L^MI bOYk HrTAL DQ NTIJQ C EBMAR Pw KQ CL VESWA. EeS
glNA TQ SARQ EH^DOSTAN C KrA RhH SI. HR PASQ SRKAR DI ENkQdI
Hhi LYGI.
DoJQ PASQ jopI WDALTI KARVAeI CLDI RHI EJHDQ ESYlQ C bGT
ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa No^ 7 WKToBR, 1930eI No^ faSI DI SzA SOiAeI
GeI. 10 fRVRI 1931eI No^ bGT ES^g DQ XIfw[S Kq[SL VYLh[ PZIVI Kq[SL
C KITI WPIL NAMNzoR HhGeI WTQ 23 MARC, 1931eI No^ EeHNa
EeNKLABIWa bGT ES^g, RAJGORo WTQ SOkDQV ES^g No^ FAHQ LAUOi DA
fwSLA KITA EGWA.

26

MOH^MD WLI EJNAH DA bGT E]S^g DI HMAEeT C bAsN

eQ.JI. NoRANI HORa DI bART C cPi VALI POSTK The Trial
of Bhagat Singh: Politics of Justice DA EeK PoRA KaX EeS
GYL BARQ HI Hw. EeS KaX DA Na Hw:
When Jinnah Defended Bhagat Singh
14 ST^BR 1929eI No^ MOH^MD WLI EJNAH NQ S^lRL WS^BLI C
bAsN ED^EDWa EKHA:
bOYk HrTAL KRN VALQ B^DQ C VI JAN HO^DI Hw. UOH WAPiI JAN
DAW TQ LA ED^DA Hw EKUO[Jh UOHDA EeS GYL TQ EVsVAS HO^DA Hw EK UOH
HYK TQ Hw.
PEHLA PZbAV Jh LbDA Hw UOH EeH Hw EK JDh[ EeK KQS 600
GVAHa DQ EBNA SABT NHI[ KITA JA SKDA, Ta EeH EeK #RAB KQS
Hw
SRKAR NA KQVL EeHNa TQ MOKYDMA CLAiA CAHO^DI Hw WTQ
EeHNa No^ JhXIsL lZEBUoNL Th[ SzA DVAUOiA CAHO^DI Hw SGh[ SRKAR NQ
EeHNa LhKa DQ EVROYd yOYd WR^b KITA HhEeWA Hw. MwNo^ Ee^J JAPDA Hw EK
UON|a EeH ShC ELWA Hw EK WSI[ EeHNa LhKa DQ EVROYd HR S^bV RAH,
HR S^bV x^G WzMAVaGQ WTQ PoRA ElYL LAVaGQ EK Ja Ta EeHNa No^
FaSI EDYTI JAeQ Ja UOMR-KwD DI SzA EDYTI JAeQ WTQ EeS EVCKAR
WSI[ EeHNa NAL EeK SEbWK EVKWTI VRGA SLoK VI NHI[ KRaGQ

KaGRS WTQ GadI DA EgiAUOiI boEMKA:

JDh[ 1885 C EeK W^GZQz WwLN uKlQVIWN EHUoM NQ KaGRS DI
NI[H RYkI Ta EeH SRKAR (MHARAiI EVKlhRIWA) DI VfADAR PARlI SI.
WAPiI ESRJiA DQ MOxLQ VER|Wa C EeS No^ SRKAR DI MEHR DI UOXIK
REH^DI SI. EJVQ[ ~RIBa No^ WMIRa DI lQBL Th[ BCQ RhlI DQ lOKErWa DI
UOXIK HO^DI Hw. KaGRS UOS VQLQ J^TA DQ EVCARa NAL EkLVAr KRN
VALI, W^GQz SRKAR DQ HYta C EeK HEtWAR SI. KaGRS PARlI UOYTLQ
VRG DQ bARTIWa DA EeK WEJHA KLB SI EJS DQ EM^BR Bi KQ SMAJ
DQ PZESYd EVWKTIWa NAL UOH MQL EMLAP RYk SKDQ SN. GadI VI
EH^DOSTAN C SAMRAJ DI KaGRS DQ Na TQ RCAeI GeI kQX DA EeK
EgiAUOiA PATR SI.

27

ECYLI DQ JGT PZSYd NhBL EeNAM JQTo PABLh ENRhDA NQ GadI BARQ
ELEkWA SI: UOH Lo^BrI VaGo^ MYKAR WTQ CLAK SI.
GadI NQ bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa DIWa KIMTI JANa GadI
EeRVN SMjqTQ TQ KORBAN KRNIWa MNzoR KR LeIWa. GadI DQ EeS
SObA BARQ WzAD EH^D fqJ DQ JNRL MhHi ES^g NQ ELEkWA EK UOH
(GadI) bGT ES^g No^ FaSI Cr|N Th[ BCA SKDA SI PR UOS WAPiI
WEH^SA DI WrI NA cYXI.
SGh[ GadI NQ LARX EeRVN No^ bGT ES^g WTQ UOHDQ SAtIWa No^
cQTI Th[ cQTI FAHQ LAUOi LeI EKHA. EKUo[Jh UOHNo^ XR SI EK thrQ EDNa
MGRh[ KaGRS DQ KRACI EeKYp C EeS MOYDQ TQ kYP NA Pw JAeQ WTQ UOS
TQ LARX EeRVN NAL Hhi VALQ SMjqTQ C bGT ES^g DI FaSI ROKVAi
DA MAMLA COYKi LeI DBAW NA PAEeWA JA SKQ.

MqT DI SzA
7 WKToBR 1930eI No^ MKOYDMQ DA NAlK MOK EGWA. ET^Na SAtIWa
bGT ES^g, RAJGORo WTQ SOkDQV No^ FaSI DI SzA EDYTI GeI WTQ EKshRI
LAL, MHaBIR ES^g, EVJQ KOMAR ESNHA, EsV VRMA, EGWA PZSAD, JwDQV
WTQ KMLNAt TQVARI No^ UOMR KwD DI SzA SOiAeI GeI. bGT ES^g,
RAJGORo WTQ SOYkDQV No^ LAHqR Sw[lRL JQL| DI FaSI VARX C gYL EDYTA
EGWA.
JDh[ EKSQ KwDI No^ MqT DI SzA SOiAeI JaDI Hw Ta UOHDA bAR glNA
sOORo Hh JaDA Hw. WYka C MqT DA bwW ERrKi LYG Pw[DA Hw. PR bGT ES^g
Ta bGT ES^g SI, JQL| KRMCARIWa DA KEHiA SI EK MqT DI SzA BhLi
MGRh[ bGT ES^g DA bAR gYli DI ta VdiA sORo Hh EGWA.
SzA MGRh[ DQ cQ MHINQ UOHNQ JQL| DI KhprI C KZaTI DI SFLTA
LeI EVCAR KRDQ EBTAeQ.
EKHA JaDA Hw EK FaSI DQ VQLQ bGT ES^g NQ FaSI DQ F^DQ No^ CO^M KQ
WAPiQ GL DA HAR BiA ELWA SI WTQ EeNKLAB Ez^DABAD DQ UOYCI
UOYCI NAWRQ LAeQ. 23 MARC 1931eI DI sAM No^ 7 VJQ WzADI DA
PRVANA bGT ES^g WzADI VASTQ FaSI DQ T#TQ UOYTQ joL EGWA. UOS VQLQ
UOSDI UOMR MSa 24 VR|Q SI. bGT ES^g DI FaSI DI #BR NAL LhKa C
xQR RhH PwDA Hh EGWA. UOH EeK VYXQ JYtQ DQ RoP C Sw[lRL JQL| LAHqR
DQ BAEHR EeKYpQ HhGeQ. EeS TQ JQL| DQ MOLAzMa NQ RAT DQ HNQRQ C

28

EPcLQ PASQ DI K^d b^N KQ EeS GbRo P^JABI DI DQH BAEHR KYxI WTQ
STLOJ DQ K^xQ LOYK cOP KQ UOHDA W^TM SSKAR KR EDYTA WTQ SVAH No^
fwRhzPOR DQ NQrQ DERWA C VGAH EDYTA.

bGT ES^g DI s#SIWT WTQ EVCAR:

bGT ES^g EeK BrA zHIN NqJVAN SI. JDh[ UOH GYL KRDA Ta
SOiN VALQ BrA PZbAEVT HO^DQ. UOH KheI BHOT C^GA bAsN DQi VALA
NHI[ SI PR UOHDIWa GYLa C ETYkAPN WTQ bAVNA DI SYCAeI HO^DI SI.
UOH KQVL EeK bAVOK NqJVAN NHI[ SI SGh[ UOH Pr|N ELki DA
BHOT VYd sqKIN WTQ EVsV MAMELWa TQ Gor|I NzR RYki VALA
EVWKTI SI. WAPiI MqT Th[ PEHLa VI UOH BrQ SKoN NAL EeK POSTK
Pr|N C ROYjA HhEeWA SI.
UOHDQ W^DR PZVAR NAL PZQM KRN VALA, bwia bRaVa DQ ERsETWa No^
bAVNA PYkh[ MAi B#si VALA, MNOYkI KDRa WTQ P^JAB DIWa EVsQs
KDRa NAL JOErWA HhEeWA MNOYk EVCRDA SI.
UOH WwSA MO^XA SI EK JD UOHNo^ UOHDQ MATA EPTA NQ EKHA EK TQRA
EVWAH KRNA Hw Ta UOHNQ EeH UOYTR DQ KQ EVWAH KRN Th[ NaH KR
EDYTI
JQKR ~OLAM EH^DOSTAN C MQRA EVWAH HhEeWA Ta
MQRI VhHlI KQVL MqT BiQGI. MQRI WRtI HI MQRI
J^J HheQGI WTQ EeS DQs DQ sHID UOHDQ JaJI
HhiGQ.
WGR WYJ UOH Ez^DA Hw Ta UOS DA KARN UOHDA LhKAeI DQ PYk C
kLhiA WTQ LhKAeI SOdAR DA EeK WEJHA xaCA grN DA EVCAR SI
EJS DA HhR KheI BDL NHI[ SI. UOH NA KQVL EVDQsIWa DI ~OLAMI
EVROYd LErWA, SGh[ UOS NQ EKSQ VI PZKAR DI LOYl kSOYl, EVTKRQBAzI
EVROYd XYl KQ S^gRs KITA. UOH MNOYkI EHYTa DA EeK MHAN j^XA-COYK SI.
EeK VAR UOS NQ WAPiI MATA No^ ELEkWA SI EK Ma MwNo^ EeS BARQ
KheI sYK NHI[ EK MQRA DQs EeK EDHAr WzAD Hh JAeQGA. PR MwNo^ XR
Hw EK UOH KORSIWa EJHrIWa GhRQ SAEHB #ALI KRNGQ, UON|a TQ KALQ
BABo Bwp JAUOiGQ.
EeS Th[ WSI[ GVQQr LA SKDQ Ha EK UOH EK^NI DoR DI ShC RYki
VLA EVWKTI SI. UOSDI bEVk TQ VI Gor|I NzR SI.

29

ELYki Pr|N DA ROjAN:

bGT ES^g NQ EeNKLABI EVCAdARA No^ WPiAUOi MGRh[ LhKAeI
TIK VI Ee^KLABI EVCAR PHO^CAUOi DQ UOPRALQ KITQ. P^JAB C KITRI
EKSAN PARlI VYLh[ EeK PRCA UORDo WTQ P^JBI C PZKAsT KITA JaDA
SI. bGT ES^g NQ UOS C WAEeRLw[X DQ KRaTIKARIWa BARQ LQk ELkQ.
DoJA MHTVPoRN LQk sHID bGT ES^g khJ KMQlI, LOEdWAiA VYLh[ ShdI
GeI POSTK sHID bGT ES^g WTQ UON|a DQ SAtIWa DIWa ELkTa (1985)
Hw. EeS C 22-7-1918eI DI ECYpI Th[ Lw KQ 22-03-1931eI DIWa KheI
105 ELkTa sAML HN. ECYpIWa Th[ VYk EeS C P^JAB DI bAsA WTQ
ELYPI DQ MOYDQ VALA LQk VI sAML Hw. EeS Th[ VYk ~DR LEHR DI
EVEtWA, lRQX yoNIWN EBL, RAJ PLlAUo GOPT SAzsa, bART
EeNKLABI LEHR DQ MOYk NQTA XA. EMtRA ES^g, SofI W^BA PZSAD, KZTAR
ES^g SRAbA, KoKA LEHR, sHID MDN LAL xI[GRA, EDYLI KQS DQ sHID
WAED UOS DQ EVsQs LQk HN.

MOSLMAN LQkKa VYLh[ bGT ES^g No^ sRdaJLI

MOSLMAN LQkKa NQ sHID bGT ES^g BARQ BHOT SARIWa KEVTAVa
WTQ POSTKa RCIWa. SGh[ SYb Th[ PEHLa bGT ES^g No^ sHID WAki DA
S^NMAi VI MHAN JOjARo PYTRKAR MqLANA zfR WLI #AN KhL Hw. UON|a
bGT ES^g DI sHIDI DQ WGLQ EDHAr HI bGT ES^g WTQ UOSDQ SAtIWa
DQ HVALQ NAL WAPiI EeK KEVTA sHIDAEN VTN WAPiQ W#BAR
zMI[DAR C cAPI. EJS DA PEHLA EsWR Ee^J Hw:
sHIDAEN VTN KQ #oEN NAHYK KA Jh SYT ENKLQ
Th UOS KQ zYRQ zYRQ SQ bGT ES^g uR DYT ENKLQ
PAEKSTAN DQ PZES^d ES^dI SojVAN sQ# WyAz HORa bGT ES^g WTQ
UOSDQ SAtIWa TQ EeK bRVa KEVTA RoPL NAlK ELEkWA. EDWAL ES^g
ERSRC Ww[X KLRCL fqRM VYLh[ VI bGT ES^g DI s#SIWT BARQ LQka
WTQ KEVTa TQ WdAERT EeK POSTK PZKAsT KITI GeI. SABR zfR NQ
2001eI C cPi VALI WAPiI KEVTAVa DI POSTK EzNDAN MQ[ Ez^DGI
WMR Hw bGT ES^g HORa No^ SMZEPT KITI. EeS POSTK DI PEHLI ~zL
HI bGT ES^g DQ Na Hw. EeS ~zL DQ KOYj EsWR Ee^J HN:

DQkA TQRI sAN Th

Ez^DAN
MQ[
Ez^DGI
yQH HM Jh LHo

yQH JANA
WMR
Hw
UOcALTQ Hw[

30

SMj EK yQH SOR#I SEHR Hw

#OD RSTA BiA RHQ Hw[ WPiA
REHBR Hw NA KheI HMSfR Hw
Hw DAR Kh PAR KRNA BAKI
M^EzL
Th
zfR
KRIBTR
Hw
Jhs MLIHWBADI KEH^DQ HN:

VhH bGT ES^g WYB bI EJS KQ ~^M MQ[ EDL NAsAD Hw.
UOS KI GRDN MQ[ Jh XALA tA VhH F^DA yAD Hw.

MqLANA HSRT MoHANI DI sRdaJLI DA EeK fOYL:

WAzADI-eQ EH^D KI #AEHs Kh MKBoL #AS-u-WAM KIWA

EDL WHEL ESTM KQ DEHL GeQ Jh DYT bGT NQ KAM KIWA

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