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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
Introduction
Anaerobic methane fermentation process is an
alternative to conventional manure and other organic
waste
management,
alleviating
health
and
environmental concerns, and converting organic
residues by microbial consortia in an oxygen-free
condition into two categories of valuable products
(Jingura and Rutendo, 2009; Li et al., 2011; Lema and
Omil, 2001). One of these, the biogas rich in methane
content, is a renewable energy further used to produce
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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
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Cow dung
Mesophilic
inoculant
Thermophilic inoculant
pH
7.48
7.60
7.69
159.800.8
107.81
111.80
84.240.5
59.18
58.36
152.054
73.43
71.37
65.150.7
21.92
22.35
40.581.3
15.43
14.58
1.530.3
1.35
1.41
2.970.6
2.35
2.64
1.340.1
1.20
1.46
0.04
0.05
0.22
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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
Composition
Cow dung
( )
1000
Water
( )
0
Inoculant
( )
200
pH
TS
(%)
VS
(% TS)
351
7.50
15.180.4
80.720.3
R2
1000
200
551
7.52
15.150.4
80.740.3
R3
1000
1000
200
351
7.73
7.680.3
82.230.2
R4
1000
1000
200
551
7.75
7.660.3
82.190.2
Temp.
(oC)
Analytical Methods
The physico-chemical parameters analyzed were
temperature, pH, total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS),
chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble chemical
oxygen demand (SCOD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs),
total phosphorus (TP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN),
total ammonia nitrogen and free ammonia. All the
analytical determinations were performed according
to the standard methods (APHA, 1995). All the tests
were conducted in triplicate and mean values were
reported. The pH of the mixtures was measured with a
digital pH meter (Seven Multi SK40, Switzerland). The
free ammonia was calculated using the previously
reported formula (stergaard, 1985). The yielded
biogas was measured per day by downward water
displacement method at atmospheric pressure using
calibrated 1 or 2 litres cylindrical jar for each reactor.
The constituents (CH4, CO2 and H2) of the biogas were
determined using Gas Chromatography (SP-6800A,
Shandong Lunan Instrument Factory, China)
equipped with a thermal conductivity detector and a 2
m stainless column packed with Porapak TDS201
(60-80 mesh). Nitrogen was employed as the carrier
gas at a flow rate of 40 mL/min. The operation
temperatures for the injection port, oven and detector
all were 80C. The cumulative methane production for
each test was determined by summing daily methane
production, which was calculated by timing daily
biogas production with corresponding methane
content minus the methane produced due to inoculum
source. The samples taken from the batch culture
reactor were centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 15 min, and
then acidified with hydrochloric acid and filtered
through a 0.2 m membrane for the analysis of VFAs
and ethanol. The concentrations of the VFAs and
ethanol were determined using a second gas
chromatograph (SP6890, Shandong Lunan Instrument
Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
H2CO3
H+ + HCO3-
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NH4+ + OH-
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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
Ethanol
Acetic
Propionic
Butric
Total
R1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
14 21
28
35
42 49
56
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
63
R2
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
42
49
56
63
6
R3
R4
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4
3
2
1
5
4
3
2
1
14
21
28 35 42
Time (d)
49
56
63
14
21
28
35
Time (d)
R2
R3
R4
VFAs/ alkalinity
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0
14
21
28
35
42
49
Time (d)
56
63
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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
2
R1
R2
R3
R4
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
Methane content (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
40
Cumulative methane(L)
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35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
Time(d)
FIG. 5 (a) DAILY BIOGAS, (b) METHANE CONTENT AND (c)
CUMULATIVE METHANE IN THE REACTORS.
Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
60
VS removal (%)
50
40
30
R1
R2
R3
R4
20
10
0
0
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
b
60
COD removal (%)
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50
40
30
20
10
0
0
Time (d)
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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
Methane yields
VSi
VSr
CODi
CODr
SCODi
SCODr
(g/kg)
(%)
(g/L)
(%)
(g/L)
(%)
R1
122.530.4
50.01
142.415
54.99
60.320.6
69.46
0.333
0.271
R2
122.320.4
53.43
142.154
58.37
60.430.5
72.32
0.351
0.286
R3
68.530.3
56.33
78.353
61.35
34.220.4
73.63
0.345
0.285
R4
68.320.3
60.52
78.283
65.36
34.130.4
77.78
0.374
0.307
L CH4/gVSr
L
CH4/gCODr
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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
L,
VanZundert
EH,
Brinkmann
AJ
(2003).
13(1): 12-26.
37
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Advances in Water Resource and Protection (AWRP) Volume 1 Issue 2, April 2013
of
Anaerobic
Microorganisms
Digestion.
in
Bioresour.
Thermophilic-dry
Technol.
99(8):
Thermophilic
Semi-dry
Anaerobic
38
3233-3243.
Performance