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low-temperature;
maintaining temperature 3 to 5C;
basic destination frost protection of water conduits;
2.
medium-temperature;
maintaining temperature up to 60C;
basic destination crude oil transporting pipelines;
3.
high-temperature;
maintaining temperature up to 200C;
basic destination pipelines transporting viscous oil products, sulfur, chemical substances.
When the voltage is supplied in this manner, the current in copper conductor flows in one direction and
returns
through
the
steel
tube
in
the
opposite
direction.
The alternative current flows through the whole cross-section of the inner conductor because on
commercial frequency there is no noticeable skin-effect in non-magnetic material having low electrical
resistance. In contrast, in ferromagnetic outer conductor (steel tube) skin-effect is pronounced, i.e. the
whole current flows not in the whole depth of the tubes wall but in thin surface layer about 1 mm thick.
At that this current conducting layer is situated at the inner surface of the steel tube.
As described above, the current flows in inner surface of the skin heaters tube, in its outer surface the
current is virtually absent and there are no electrical potentials that makes the system safe for
maintenance staff. This effect allows to earth the tube at any place. The tube is obligatory earthed at the
near
and
at
the
far
end
of
the
heating
circuit.
When the system is powered by high voltage (3 to 5kV) heat output occurs in both conductors. If the
system is properly designed, 60 to 80% of heat output takes place in the steel tube, and only 20 to 40%
in
the
inner
(copper)
conductor.
Electrically the skin-system is arranged to ensure continuity of both the inner conductor (skin conductor)
and the tube of the skin heater being the return conductor of the system.
protective casing of the pipeline. Solid heat-producing elements in the form of steel tubes provide
mechanical stability and protect current-carrying conductors from damage. Operating lifetime of the
SKIN-system is not less than 25 years.
Electrical and explosion safety. Outer surface of heat-producing element (skin tube) has zero
potential to ground, the tube is earthed and completely screens and protects the current carrying skin
conductor. Properly designed connections, pull boxes and connection boxes also provide system safety.
Good thermal contact provided. Metal heat-producing element (skin tube) is directly welded to the
product transporting pipeline or is fixed to it by means of special element. Special heat conducting paste
is used to improve heat transfer from the skin tube to the heated pipeline.
Balancing of currents. Supply unit patented by SST LLC is used in power supply system that provides
balance in primary three-phase network when feeding single- and two-phase induction-resistance load.
Using this unit solves phase unbalance problem uneven current distribution to phases). Phase unbalance
is principal defect of all single- and two-phase systems installed up to now.
Simple installation. Heat producing elements have no outer electrical isolation that can be damaged at
installation. To ensure supplementary protection of the conductor corrugated polymer tube is
preliminarily pulled into the SKIN-tube. At that force required for conductor pulling into the tube is also
reduced (the method is patented).
SPECIFICATION
Operating temperature range
- 50 C to +200 C
Construction:
Heat-producing element
urrent-carrying conductor
Anticorrosion protection of the skin heater
Pulling and connection boxes
High voltage connectors
Completed Packaged Transformation
Substations(PTS)
Balancing equipment
Thermoconductive paste
Heating of expansion-pipe
Connection box
Installation of clamps
Dear Sirs! We ask you to fill-in and forward to our address this form, where to indicate the parameters
needed for design of Skin-effect based heating system for PIPELINE.
The Customer
Company
Name
Fax
Name
Site(location)
Design
documentation
Object to be heated available
Design work required
Heating system
purpose
Installer
Responsible
representative
Freeze protection
Anti-condensation
heating
Temperature maintenance
Tel
Initial heating
Temperature
conditions
C Temperature required
C Minimum ambient temperature
Tel
Streaming
Yes
No
Outdoor
Buried
Submerged
Other
Pipeline location
depth of laying:
Installation of
thermal insulation
Polyurethane foam
C
Pre-insulated pipes
At site
Diesel generator
Power supply
prameters
Other
Supply voltage
Other
Nimber of phases
Frequency
Hz
W/m
other
not explosive
Carbon steel
explosive
Plastic
Ctainless steel
Other
Flanges, pcs
Supports, pcs
Submit
Pipe length, m