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Electric Charge: Electric charges is a physical property of matter and it causes to electric force;
the charges has two species, positive and negative charges (Benjamin Franklin called them like
that we still use his method to naming the charges.). The force which are caused by electric
charge can be attractive or repulsive. When we charge an object the net charge on the object
remain zero; the produces of positive and negative charges are equal. This property of the
electric charges is called the law of conservation of electric charge; the net amount of electric
charge produced in any process is zero.
the positive charged become closer to the neutral charged the negative charges of the neutral
one become closer to the other object, the positive charges is become away from the positive
charged object, when we cut the our neutral object it become two object one of them positively
charged the other one is negatively charged.
The other process to be charged objects is called grounded or earthed. This time the one
of the object is connected to the ground. The ground can attract the negative charge in it so the
negative charges on the object will go to the ground.
Nonconductors can also be charged but not as same as the conductors. Their electrons cannot
move on it but they turn their face to a positively charged object.
Electroscopes: The electroscopes can show us what the charge of the object is. We use now
electrometers instead of electroscopes.
An electroscope consists of three part. First part is called knob which is a good conductor, the
second part is called insulator which cannot transfer the electron, the third part and the important
part is called leaves, they can give an idea what the charge of the object is. Leaves is generally
gold.
5-Coulombs Law
The law give us information about the magnitude of the electrostatic forces which is exerted
to two object because of their electrical charges. The SI unit of the charges is called Coulomb
(C). The law is similar to the law of universal gravitation.
1) =
1 2
2
The constant k is equal4 . 0 is called the permittivity of free space and it is related to the
0
k.
There is an elementary charge and it is the smallest charge found in nature. It is the charge of
an electron. Its symbol is e.
= 1.602 1019
Electric charge can be found as quantized. It means the electrical charge can be discrete
amounts: 1e, 2e, 3e etc.
Coulombs law can be similar to the law of gravitation but it is actually not. Because the
gravitation only attractive but electrostatic force can be attractive and repulsive. The other
differences between them is charges. Charges of the electricity can be positive or negative but
gravitation has only one charge.
References:
1- Physics for Scientists & Engineers 4th Edition, C. Giancoli.
In order to bridges:
2- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_electricity
3- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge
4- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin#Electricity
5- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron
6- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron
7- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton
8- http://www.bio.miami.edu/tom/courses/protected/MCB6/ch02/2-05.jpg
9- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator_(electricity)
10- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conductor
11- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor
12- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_induction
13- http://whs.wsd.wednet.edu/faculty/busse/mathhomepage/busseclasses/apphysics/study
guides/chapter1516/chapter1516graphics/Fig-15-09.gif
14- http://whs.wsd.wednet.edu/faculty/busse/mathhomepage/busseclasses/apphysics/study
guides/chapter1516/chapter1516graphics/Fig-15-09.gif
15- http://www.mwit.ac.th/~physicslab/applet_04/physics_classroom/Class/estatics/u8l2b
2.gif
16- https://voer.edu.vn/file/53242
17- http://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch16electricfeldcharge-130825043720phpapp02/95/electric-charge-and-electric-field-lecture-14-638.jpg?cb=1377436078
18- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroscope
19- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law
AHMET ULUSOY
Student of Physics Department of METU