Open University Malaysia

Institute of Professional Development

Industrial Executive Diploma in OSH

OSH Management System

Lecturer: Mr Ismandi Bin Junaidi

Matrix No:
IC No: 880412-5529
Centre: Kota Kinabalu
Intake: 5

ABSTRACT
This report is prepared for the coursework/assignment on OSH Management

System. I choose to discuss the main components of HIRARC, and develop HIRARC on
changing a flat tire task. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control, HIRARC
has become extremely important in helping to ensure safety of the workplace or activities in
daily life. This assignment illustrates HIRARC implementation for changing a flat tire. There
are some activities done in identifying the hazard before analyse the risk using various
resource. The impact of this project is to inflict awareness on the danger or hazard exist in
the while changing a flat tire and the importance of practising safe work procedure in order to
prevent the hazard from being realized. This assessment should be done periodically
according to needs and not to be treated as a one-off exercise.
The objective of this report is to write up on the methodology for identifying the
hazards during changing a flat tire operation, assess and evaluate whether safety and health
risks are tolerable or not and to suggest the right practicable control measures that can be
applied for everyone when encounter this situation.
At the later part of this report, the critical hazard will be discussed in details.

INTRODUCTION
With the development of science and technology, the cars have already become the

important component in our daily life gradually. Cars make our life convenient and swift.
Some people claim that the disadvantages of car are more than the advantages. I doubt
whether the argument can bear much analysis. Since one century ago, the auto industry has
developed at full speed worldwide, and has brought the enormous progresses to our life. For
example the car is the most convenient tool of transportation. We can be on and off duty by
car every day, we can go to travel by car on the vacation, we can utilize the cars to deal with
some emergency too. The car plays an important role in our daily life. They make our rhythm
of life faster and faster, make our business become more and more efficient. Cars basically
made of components such as the engine, cooling system, charging system, ignition system,
brakes, wheel alignment, dashboard gauges, air conditioner, electrical systems, fuel system,
battery, starting system, etc.
Tire plays an important role as any other components we can find on cars. Theres a
lot tire manufacturers worldwide such as Michelin, Bridgestone, Goodyear, and Dunlop to
name a few. Actually, a tire is an advanced engineering product made of a lot more than a
rubber. Fibre, textile, and steel cord are just some of the components that go into the tires
inner liner, body plies, bead assembly, belts, sidewalls and tread.

Millions of Malaysian hit the roads every day, drive to work or school, travelling to
vacation spots and visiting family and friends. Increased traffic on the road, coupled with
conditions like construction and excessive heat, leads to higher numbers of vehicle
accidents, injuries, and fatalities. One of leading causes of these traffic accidents is tire
failure. Following are the main causes of a flat tire or tire blowout:
Puncture from sharp objects
Failure or damage to the valve system
Separation of the tire rubber from the rim due to collision with another object
Excessive wear of the tire tread, which can cause tire explosions
Improper tire pressure combined with extreme heat
Manufacturer defects
A flat tire can cause a driver to lose control of the vehicle, possibly causing a
catastrophic accident. Changing a tire on the side of the road can be just as dangerous. This
is the topic which I will discuss on the other page.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective for this assignment is to develop a HIRARC based on tasks that
were optional. I choose to develop a HIRARC for Changing Flat Tire. I am thankful to this
module lecturer, Mr. Ismandi Bin Junaidi for his willingness to help me in understanding the
different phases of HIRARC. Not forgetting my classmates, IEDOSH Batch 5 for their
cooperation in exchanging valuable information.

METHODOLOGY

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
For a start, in order to identify hazard, I must have a clear definition of what is
hazard. Hazard is a source or situation with a potential harm for human (injury or ill-health),
damage to property, damage to environment or any combination of these. Before risk
assessment can be made, I need to have a clear understanding or knowledge of the work
carried out and also situation. In order to find the nature of hazards, I looked into these 5
contributors which could be the source.
Man = Human behaviour, Unsafe acts, e.g. horseplay
Machinery = Installation, layout and design of equipment
Materials = Substances e.g. Cement dust, chemicals
Methods = Ways people carry out their work
Media = Workplace condition e.g. noise

RISK ASSESMENT/ EVALUATION

Risk is the chance of probability of harm actually being done. In the risk assessment
and evaluation process, there are two factors that determine the final outcome which are
likelihood and severity. The formula of rating the risk as follow:RISK = SEVERITY x LIKELIHOOD
Likelihood is the frequency or how likely is the hazardous event/ situation will occur.
Whereas, severity is the degree of injury, damage to property or environment. The most
common question is what might be the severity of a hazardous event or situation?
Numbers are given to show the quantity of each likelihood and severity. Risk index or
the level of risk can be obtained through multiplication of the number of likelihood and also
the number of severity. (Refer table A, B, C, D)
Table A (Severity Rating)
Severity Rating
1
2
3
4

Consequences
First aid / near injuries
Minor injuries(Less than or 4 days MC)
Major Injuries(More than 4 days MC)
Fatality

Table B (Likelihood Rating)

Likelihood Rating
1
2
3
4
Table C (Risk Rating)
Risk Rating
11-16
16-10

Likelihood of Occurring
Once in a year
Once in 6 months
Once a month
Once a week

Level of Risk
High

Action to Control
Notify management immediately

Moderate

Implement effective interim control prior to long term control

Communicate hazard to affected workers
Implement long term control measures

1-5

Low

Follow the Safe Operating Procedure (SOP)

Table D (Risk Matrix Table)

LIKELIHOOD
1
2
3
4

SEVERITY
1
1
2
3
4

2
2
4
6
8

3
3
6
9
12

4
4
8
12
16