Limba englez6 - Alfabetul fonetic ai

verbele neregulat,e
Booklet

Phonetic Alphabet

ltlxtrtr[]iltrtrtl[Ll[lt

Th:e Vowels

tit

i foarte lung

feeler

fftlel

"fil6" (cu i prelung)'i

til

i scurl foarte deschis,

aproape de e

fit

lfrtl

"fit" (cu i foarte scurt)

lel

e pu{in mai deschis

ca in romAnegte

set

lsetl

la,l

e foarte deschis,
aproape a

Sam

lsr;ml

"seamd" (dar cu diftongul imbinat)

lal

a foarte deschis,
format in fundul
gurii

bar

lbo,l

"bar" (cu a prelung gi fdra r)

b:l

o lung deschis, cu
buzele trase ?n jos

door
lord

ldc:l

lpl

o scurt deschis spre

a, cu buzele trase in

tot
cod

Itotl
lkr,dt

"dor" (cu o lung, deschis, fara r)

"lord" (fdr5 r, cu o lung, deschis)
"tot" (dar cu vocala maiapr:opiatd'de
$unetulr ardelenese din toat6'),
"ro6l (daf mai asem6ndtor cu
"coad5")

u foarte lung

boon

lbun/

"bun" (Cu u foarte lung, ca in f iulie")

u foarte scurl
a foarte scurt gi
inchis, format in
centrul qurii

cook

n((,H

"6s61'(cu u scurtat)

supper

/'srrpe/

"sapi" (eu

sir

l*:l

"s&-"

sitter

/site/

"sit6" (cu vocala finald inchisi gi

retezatd)

romanegte)

Actdl

JOS

lul
lul
IN

lsll

similar cu 6 foarte
lung

lol

similar cu
scurl

i foarte

"sef'(cu e nrai deschis ca in

i foarte scurt, retezat)

(cu vocala foarte lungd gi

inchisi)

Th:e Diphthongs

leil

similar cu diftongul romdnesc ei dar

mai deschis

lay
hey

lleil
Iheil

l'lei"'(cu vocale mai deschise)

"hei" (cu vocale mai deschise)

le,:l

similar cu diftongul romAnesc du

similai cu diltongul romAnesc ai dar
mai deschis
similar cu diftongul romAnesc au dar
mai deschis
o deschis urmat de un i foarte scurt

tow

Itaul

sky

lskail

how

lhanl

boy

lhril

"rtr't (ou vocala 6 rotuniit6)

l'scai" (cu a mai deschis, mai lung,
usor nazalizat si ifoarte scurt)
"hau" (cu a rnairdeschis, ugor
nazalizat)
'lboi" (dar cu o foarte deschis)

fear

lfral

share

$ea1

continuer

ftan'tinjua/ 'continu6" (cu 6 rnai soulrt)

latl
laul

ltil
liel

lal

i scurt urmat de f, scurt

e foarte deschis urmat de

luel

u scurt urmat de fr sdurt

scurt

Consonants

:r,i:.8:
':&. S i

ffirt
'1.,:tA'"i

ni 6t 'lt
,r/r:.Ir!...
1:;r ir.i l
'i,8,..

lpl

p urmat de o mica explozie de aer

part

lputl

tbt

similar cu b rom6nesc dar mai sonor

ban

lbrrl.l

Itl

t rostit cu limba la rddicina dintilor,

urmat de o micd explozie

Tom

ltrlml

tdt

d rostit cu limba la rEddcina dintilor

de sus

din
dun

ldlnl
/d^n/

"din", "Dan" (cu con$oana d

sonori, rostitd cu limba Ia
rdd6cina dinlilor de sus)

similar consoanei c, urmatl de o

micd explozie

cut

k^tl

"cat" (cu c foarte tare $i un fel de

h urmat de a scurt)

lql

similar cu g romAnesc dar foarte

sonor

gummer

/'game/

t'garfli" {cu a scurt gi d scurt)

ryt

t Imbinat cu S ca in romAnescul ci
(nepalatalizat)

touch
much

tw

d imbinat cu

lnl,

,'.!11JE ";i

..,:E+..:1

'taci" (cu ifoarle scurt gi a scurt)

"maci" (cu i foarte scurt $i a scutt)

jam

l**,ml

"geam" (cu consoana nepalatalizatd gi ea imbinat)

similar cu m romAnesc

moot

lmrutl

lnl

similar cu n romAnesc

nod

hodl

"mut'l (cu u lung)

!'nod" (cu o fgarte deschis)

ht

n velar, realizat prin lipirea dosului

limbii de valul palatului ca ?n
rom6nescul "lAng6", "pungd", "crAng"

bunker

/'b4ke/

"banc6" {cu n mai nazalizal Si a $i

o scurte)

similar cu I romAnesc; cAnd apare la

sfArgitul cuvAntului, limba este mai
retrasd (l velar)

luck
still

A*t
tatilt

"lac" (cu a scurt)

"stil" (cu limba mai retrasd)

tft
lvl

similar cu f rom0nesc

fin

lfinl

"fin" (cu i scurt)

similar cu v romAnesc dar mai sonor

vie

lvail

"vai" (cu diftongul ugor nazalizat)

tgt

consoani surdd pronuntatd ca un s

cu limba {inutd intre dinli
consoanE foarte sonori pronun{ati
ca un z cu limba tinuti intre dinli

thick

lgtkl

"sic" (cu un s peltic)

there

l6ee,/

"zer" (cu un z peltic)

i
IE;IIT
}-ffitu:

"ban" (cu b foarte vibrat $i a foarte

scurt)
"tom" (cu t foarte tare $i o
deschis)

lmfl

. 'ri[I.],

t*il

"pat" (cu p foarte tare gi a lung)

{t .1,1.:

jca in r,omAnescul

gi

ffi

t6t

fi.'l:i
. r.-l

lsl

similar cu s romAnesc

sauce

/sc:s1

"sos" (cu o deschis, lung)

hl

similar cu z romAnesc foarte sonor

z,nc

laAW

"zinc" (cu ideschis scurt gi n velar)

ttt

similar cu g romAnesc

shock

fftw

"goc" (cu o deschis)

l3t

similar cu j romAnesc foarle sonor

rouge

lruryl

"ruj" (cu u lung)

kl

consoani lichidi rostitd

bravo

I,btaveul "bravol' (cu r foarte moale)

tht

similar cu h romdnesc dar mai

gutural

high

lhatl

wood

lwudl

"hai" (cu un h mai aspru format in

fundul gAtului)
"ud" (cu u scurt rostit cu buzele

fjeugel

uyoga" (cu o pronuntat spre.Au

$i

{tl*.|',,

l#+j

lwl

ffi

tt/

lirnbii (aproape

firi

vibra{ia

fird frictiune)

u foarte scurt rostit cu buzele foarte

strAnse
itare, foarte palatalizat foloslt
inaintea vocalelor

'

yoga

foarte'str:Anse)
E final scurt)

Bibliografie:

- Prof. dr. Leon Levi{chi, Andrei Bantag, Adrian Nicolescu, DiclionarEnglez-RomAn, EdituraAcademiei RSR, 1974, Bucuregti.
- Active Study Dictionary, Longman, 1998.
- Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, Macmillan, 2002.

- Robert Hooke, Judith Rowell, A Handbook of English Pronunciation, Nelson, 1991.

i:

IrneEular Verbs
First fsnr! = SGend form = third form
No

Long lnflnitive

Paet Tense
burst ibs:st/

burst /ba:st/

to burst /bs:st/
to cast /kust/

cast /ko:st/

cast /kq:st/

Translation
a exploda, a plesni
a arunca, a azvdrli

to cost /kost/

cost /kost/

cost /kost/

a costa

to cut /kati

cut /k^t/

cut /k^t/

to hit /hitl

hit /hit/

hir lhitt

a tdia
a lovi

to hurt /ha:t/

hurt /hs:t/

hurt /hs:t/

a ranl

to let iletl

let /let/

lel lletl

to put iputl
to rid /ridi

put /put/

put /put/

a permite, a ingidui
a pune

10 to set /set/

to shed /Bd/

rid

hiil

Paet Pafiiciple

rid

hidl

set /set/

set /set/

a elibera, a descotorosi
a pune, a ageza
a pierde, a l5sa

shed /.fed/

shed

12 to shred {red/
13 to shut {,rt/

shred {red/
shut {,ttl

shred /fred/

a firAma, a rupe in fAgii

shut

a inchide

14 to slit /slit/

slit /slit/

slit /slit/

split /split/

split /split/

16 to spread /spred/

spread /spred/

spread /spred/

a despica, a cripa, a cresta

a despica, a cripa, a sparge
a desfi$ura, a intinde

17 to thrust /0r,rst/

thrust /Or.rstl

thrust /0r.tst/

a impinge, a

11

15

No

to split /split/

fedl
{,tt/

First form = third form

tr o,ng lnfinitiVe

Past Tense
became /bi'keim/

become /bi'kam/

a deveni

came ikeiml

come /k,rm/

a venr

/rtnl

a fugi

/krm/

e0 to run /r.r,n/

No
21

ran

/rnnl

biga cu forla

:translation

Past,Pa$iciple,

run

cadd

t second forrn

18 to become /bi'kam/
19 to come

si

First form # second form = third torrn

Lohg',1116,n;1;u.

to abide le'baidl

Past Tense

Past Participle

Translation

abode /e'beud/

abode /e'beud/

bent,/bent/

bent /bent/

bereft /bi'reft/

bereft /bi'reft/

besought /bi'sc:t/

besought /bi'sc;t/

a deposeda de
a implora

a sta, a locui
a (se) indoi

22 to bend lbendl
23 to bereave lbl'ri:vl
24 to beseech,/bi'sirfl
25 to bind lbaindl

bound lbaund/

bound lbaundl

a lega

26 to bleed /bli:d/

bled /bled/

bled /bled/

a sangera

27 to breed /bri:d/

bred /bred/

bred /bred/

28 to bring /brin/

a cregte, a educa

brought /brc:t/

brought /brc:t/

a aduce

29 to build /bild/

built /bilt/

built /bilt/

a construi

30 to burn /bs:n/

burnt /bs:ntl
burned lbz:ndl

burned lbs:ndl

a arde

bought /bcrt/

bought /bcrt/

a cumpara

caught /kc:t/

caught /kcrt/

a prinde

33 to chide /Said/

chid lgid/

chid /{id/
chidden /didn/

a critica, a dojeni

34 to cleave /kli:v/

cleft /kleft/

cleft /kleft/

35 to cling lklin/
36 to creep lkri'.pl
37 to dare /dec/

clung /kl,t4/

clung

krept /krept/

krept /krept/

dared /deed/

dared /deed/

a despica, a strdpunge
a se lipi de, a se agdta de
a se tAri
a indrdzni

38 to deal/di:l/

dealt /delt/

dealt /delt/

a impirli, a repartiza

31

to buy,&ail

32 to catch

/kefl

burnt /be:nt/

/kl,tj/

No,

Lbng lnfinitive

Past Tense

Past Participle

Translation

83

to slink /slfuk/

slunk /slar;k/

slunk /sla6k/

a pleca pe nesim{ite

84

to smell/smel/

smelt /smelt/
smelled /smeld/

smelt /smelt/
smelled /smeld/

a mirosi

85

to speed /spird/

sped isped/
speeded /'spi:did/

sped /sped/
speeded /'spldid/

a merge cu vitezd

;86

to spell/spel/

spelt lspelt/
spelled /speld/

spelt /spelt/
spelled /speld/

a rosti un cuvAnt pe litere

8V

to spend /spend/

spent /spent/

spent /spent/

a petrece, a cheltui

B8

to spill/spil/

spilt /spilt/
spilled /spild/

spilt /spilt/
spilled /spild/

a vdrsa, a imprigtia

89

to spin /spin/

spun /sp,tn/

spun /sp,tn/

a toarce, a rdsuci

90

to spit /spit/

spat /spret/

spat /spat/

a scuipa

91

to stand /staend/

stood /stud/

stood /stud/

a sta in picioare

92

to stick /stild

stuck /st,rl</

stuck /sta,k/

a lipi, a infige

93

to sting /sti5l

stung /st,tn/

stung /st,tp/

a intepa, a pigca

94

to strew /stru;/

strewed /stru:d/

strewed /stru:d/
strewn istruln/

a imprigtia, a risipi

95

to strike /straik/

struck /str,r,k/

struck /stral</

a lovi, a izbi

s6

to string /strin/

strung /str.tni

strung /str,q1/

a lega cu sfoar5, a incorda arcul

97

to sweep /swi:pi

swept /swept/

swept /swept/

98

to swing /swi4/

swung /swa,n/

swung /sw.tn/

taught /tr:t/

taught /tc:t/

told /tetild/

told /teuld/

thought /0c:t/

thought /0c:tl

a matura
a se legdna, a se balansa
a preda
a spune, a povesti
a gAndi

understood
/,a.nde'stud/

understood
/*tnde'stud/

a intelege

103 to weep /wirp/

wept /wept/

wept /wept/

a pldnge, a l5crima

104 to win /win/

won /w,tn/

won /wrrn/

a cAgtiga

105 to wind /waind/

wound /waundi

wound /waund/

wrung /ra1/

wrung

a risuci, a invArti
a sucr, a rasuct

to teach /ti:q7
100 to tell/rell
101 to think /0ink/
to understand
99

102

10

/,a.nde'strend/

to wring /rin/

/r,tj/

First fsrnn # second fornn * third forrn

No

Lons lnfinltive

Past Tense

Translation

107 to arise le'raizl

arose /a'rcuz/

a se ridica, a se

108 to awake /e'weik/

awoke /e'weuk/

atrezi, a degtepta

109 to be,rbil

was lwtzl, were /wa;/

afi

110 to bear /bee/

111 to beat /birt/

bore /b::/

a duce, a purta

beat /bi:t/

a bate, a lovi

112 to beget lbi'qetl

begot /bi'got/
begat,rbi'gret/

a nagte, a da nagtere

'11,3

to begin lbl'qinl

began lbi'grnl

a rncepe

1,1'4

to bid /bid/

bade,rbeid/
bid /bid/

a cere, a implora

111;5

to bite /bait/

bit /bir/

a musca

1,16

to blow /blau/

blew /blu:/
broke /brauk/

a sufla, a adia
a sparge

chose ltjeuzl

a alege

x19 to do /du:/

did /did/

a face

1,?0 to draw

/drc/
to drink ldrigk/
122 to drive ldraivl
123 lo eal li:tl
124 lo fall lft:ll

drew /dru:/

a desena, a trage, a intinde

121

drank /drzegk/

a bea

drove /drauv/

a gofa, a mAna, a conduce

ate let: eitl

a manca

fell lfell

a cddea

,1"1

7 to break /breik/

1,18

to choose /tju:z/

inilla

Pasl Tense
i*l" fiCIiiltillrJl*i:ti ii
lly
to
lflail
flew
/flu:/
ira i
.lllPtr

il+jri:.', iii:rii;,1 $teltsi

i,riri

12,6i

to forbid /fer'bidl

$it,

to forget lfe'qetl

a zbura

forbade /fe:'beid/

forbad lfe'br,dl
forgot /fe'got/

a opri, a interzice

{ffi

a uita

1?qt to forgive lfe'qivl

'r,&t to forsake /fa'seik/

forgave lfe'qeivl
forsook /fe'suk/

lo treeze lfri:zl
give /oiv/
,1,S,,1i to
,:!, 8 to go /geu/
lr3Si to grow lgreul

troze lfreuzl

a ingheta, a degera

gave igeivl

ada

went /wentl

a merge, a umbla
a cregte

hewed lhju:dl

.1:S5i

to hide /haid/

hid /hid/

,,1S0,i

to know /neu/

knew /nju:/

to mow /meu/

a ierta

grew /gru:/

to hew /hju/

,,ll$ri to lie /lai/

/ii,;+

lay lleil
mowed /meud/

:flSg to ride /raid/

tl40l to ring /rig/
,i!*iL ta rise hatzl

rode /reud/

ll48i to saw /sc:/

ilr4Br to see /si:/

sawed /sc:d/

rang /r.ag/
rose lreuzl
saw /sc:/

l =
ii:tr:l*

$rjl{&ffi

pirisi, a abandona

tiia,

a despica, a crdpa

a ascunde

EF.,w

ll

a cunoaqte

a sta lungit

tilaL!

mOwrt.lmaunf

mowedlmeu#

ffi1

'

,, a cosi, a tunde cu magina (iarba)

,

a cdldri
a suna, a bate (clopotele)
a se indlta

.',,

1g*1/g,gig[a.liiti

.$$sl

.,+tiiiiil:#

tiia

cu

fieristriul

a vedea

r'*4

to shake /Bik/

shook /fuk/

a zgudui, a scutura

i1

to show /.feu/

showed {eud/
shrank ffraqW
shrunk [rtqU

a arita

to shrink lfriqV
.,1.#f

to sing /sig/
to sink /si6k/

sang /sreg/

a se scurta, a se micgora

#si

a cAnta

sank /saenk/

*H ,

tiggi to slay /slei/

slew /slu:/

.#ri

.ffi

to smite lsmaitl

smote /smeut/

to sow /sau/
to speak /spi:k/

sowed /seud/

a lovi, a izbi
.#:$t$,+f..i;:lH$
a semdna, a insimAnta
;-+E-,ffi

to spring /sprin/
to steal/sti:U

sprang lsprrnl

ril8,,lli

.154,
i!,5$.

to stink /stiqk/

spoke /speuk/

a vorbi

stole /steul/

a tAgni
a fura, a gterpeli

stank /stregk/
stunk /st.tnk/

a mirosi urAt

i$H.{$F.d#,$

strove /strauv/

$Ei*

swore /swc:/

iS

tiLl,.q,P

to swell/sweV

swelled /sweld/

to swim /swim/

swam /swrem/

jffi

to take /teik/

took /tuk/

:,ll'16,8:

to lear lteel

tore ltc./

,1$

to thrive l}raivl

throve l1reuvl

to throw l1raul

threw /0ru:/

to tread /tred/

lrod ltrcdl

ffi
llffi

i,!rP,rtr

strode /streud/

'!661

to wake /weik/

iai

woke /werik/

to wear /wea/

wore /wc:/

ilil'.ls,$

to weave /w,i:v/

wove /weuv/

1,1s,$

to write /raitl

wrote /reut/

a*
W'ffff"ut tuL

a se scufunda

a asasina

to stride /straid/
to strive lstraivl
to swear /swea/

r$,,Sd

rriIiiiiiiffi

l{,i*F.

ffi
Efi;i*

i#ilni{tl$
iii'r,iiltlrrilri
a:ili!!i t:Irit

ty,.flffi#i

a umbla pe, a colinda

a tinde, a ndzui
a jura
a umfla
a inota
a lua
a rupe, a sfAgia
a prospera, a reugi
a arunca

|iiill!+il:i."-l
t;1r:,.riri.1ilti:lJ

a cilca, a pune piciorul pe

a se trezi

'$St$F:rf$H$iffii,i.ffi a purta; a fi imbricat cu

a tese
a scrie

Autor: prof. Cecilia Croitoru

@ Editura BOOKLET Bucuregti, iet. 021 411.3137,0722 428.630, O72g |S2.OS3