Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
2
DETECTION OF COMMON ELEMENTS IN DRUG SAMPLES
Elemental analysis experiment that determines the amount (typically a weight percent) of an element in a
compound The most common type of elemental analysis is for carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and heteroatoms (CHNX
analysis).
- type of analysis useful for organic compounds (compounds containing carbon-carbon bonds)
- important to help determine the structure of an unknown compound, as well as to help ascertain the structure
and purity of a synthesized compound
2 Ways: 1. QUANTITATIVE: determine how much of each element are present
2. QUALITATIVE: determine what elements are present
PRINCIPLES INVOLVED
2.Test for
H and O
3.Test for
C
4.Test for
N
5.Test for
Halogen
ASPIRIN
(acetylsalicylic
acid)
PARACETAMOL
(acetyl-paraSULFONAMIDE
aminophenol)
B R (weakly
acidic (pKa 58)
due to the
powerful
electron
withdrawing
effect of the
SO2 substituent
& stabilization of
the resulting anion
by resonance)
BR
RB
Presence of
moisture (+)
Presence of
moisture (+)
Presence of
moisture (+)
Black Residue
(+)
a. R R ()
b. burnt sugar
a. R B (+)
b. pungent odor
a. R B (+)
b. pungent odor
Yellow ()
Yellow ()
Yellow ()
//rgd13
ACTIVITY NO. 2
DETECTION OF COMMON ELEMENTS IN DRUG SAMPLES
Observation
no precipitate
white precipitate
very pale cream
precipitate
very pale yellow
precipitate
a. Millons Test:
Phenolic amino acids (Tyrosine and
its derivatives) respond to this test.
Compounds with a hydroxybenzene
radical react with Millons reagent
to form a red colored complex.
Millons reagent is a solution of
mercuric sulfate in sulfuric acid.
6.Test for
phenol
and
benzene
NR
NR
NR
Red (+)
NR
Blue/Violetblue
color (+)
blue, violet,
purple, green, or
red-brown color
(+)
NR
White ppt
7.Test for
S and P
NR
determines the
purity of aspirin
FeCl3 + phenol
group = purple
complex
If salicylic acid
(a phenol) is
present
(impurity) the
product will turn
purple
NR
NR = No Reaction
//rgd13
ACTIVITY NO. 2
DETECTION OF COMMON ELEMENTS IN DRUG SAMPLES
//rgd13