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Has been done experiment, entitled Analysis of Cation Group. The purpose of
this experiment was to identify cation-cation is the solution and solid unknown by using
this method separation "kemikalia liquid" which is based on the behavior metal ions that
different when direaksikan with reagan reagan-specific. The principle of these
experiments adalan of unacceptably high siltation and pengompleksan. The methods
used in the experiment deposition on stilts. solution is unknown direaksikan with HCl,
aquades, NH
, p.
SO
, Na OH, KI, Na
SO
,H2O
2+
TESTING III
ANALYSIS of the most abundant cation
I.
The goal
Can identify cation-cation in solution and solid "unknown" by using this
method separation "kemikalia chemistry" which is based on the behavior metal ions
that different when direaksikan with reagan reagan-specific.
II.
LITERATURE review
-1
) and
Reaction:
AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ + Cl - (Svehla, 1990).
2.2.2. Strong Cations Group II
a. Aluminum (Al- 3+ )
Aluminum is white, clay and malleable, is gray bubuknya, melt
in 659 0 C. Hydrochloric acid thin easily dissolve this metal, dilution by
seawater more slowly in sulfuric acid thin nitric acid or liquid. If it is
added with ammonia, then reaction:
Al- 3+ + 3NH 3 + H 2 O Al(OH 3 ) + 3NH 4 -
(Svehla, 1990).
b. Reciprocal (Pb 2+ )
Reciprocal is refined tin that is gray, with a high Density
functional theory ibm generalized markup language (11.48
-1
at room
-1
) at 20
-1
) at 100
and
more stable than salt iron (II). In larutannya cation-cation Fe there are
3+
hue. If they were not affected by air will set up a metal ions
chromium (II).
Food allergy sign and Symptom of chromium with ion hydroxide of
sodium hydroxide
Cr3+ + 3OH- Cr(OH)3
This reaction reversibel, with a little additional acid, the sediment
dissolved (Svehla, 1990).
2.2.3. Strong Cations Group III
a. Barium (Ba 2+ )
Barium is white silver, malleable and clay, which is stable in
dry air. Barium react with water in humid air formed oxide or
hydroxide, melt in 110 0 C. A reaction between sulfuric acid barium
with liquid form sediment white barium sulfate (baso 4 ) that berbutir
fine, weight and will be practically dissolved in water (2.5 mg/
-1
C.
Solubility depend on :
a)
The temperature
b)
Pressure
c)
Concentration materials
d)
Composition solvent
e)
2)
3)
Silver chloride concentration in the initial phase does not change and
consequently it could be put into a new, the school principal solar radiation,
called result times solubility.
The Principal = [Ag + ][Cl - ]
(Svehla, 1990)
2.8 Resume were Journal
International journals, entitled Identification of a novel Extracellular
Cation-sensing G-protein-inches Receptor, said the couple group C G proteins
receiver (receptors members) contain such as amino acids and cation-cation
extracurricular that receive sense calcium is cellular protolype calcium that
receive. Some of the cells of cells, such as osteoblast-osteoblast in bone, be sure
to distribute kekalsium extracellular and lack CASR, in accordance with the
extension of recipients sense. We had a test in the matter sense calcium for
GPRC GA, the new identified is a member of the family. The line to GPRCGA
with CAGR that conserved as a result of the calcium and kalsimemetik ikatan
side effects. In addition calcium, magnesium, stransium, aluminum, gadolinium
and kalsimimetrik MPS 568 suggested in a low dosage contains the design for
GPRCGA with excessive expression in the cells human embryo, which is 293
cells. Also asteokalsim is ikatan protein in calcium expressed than dlama bones,
aq
(PO 4 ) 2 Graftonite-Type Solid Solutions , said that the nine (Fe 1 - x Mn x ) 3 (PO
4
) 2 in solvent with (0,1x0,9) with the structure type graftonit has dipreparasi
0 . 50
Mn
0.50
30
(PO)
2+
in coordination with the population 5 part has been agreed with choice cation
(Anders, 1982).
In the journal entitled Analysis of Diffusion Mechanism of Cu in
Polycrystalline Bi 2 Te 3 -Based Alloy Wheels with the Aging of some electrical
Conductivity , explained about in a guide to drill Bi
Te
doped with Cu or
inversely proportional comparable with time aging. The cause is deposition Cuoksidapada surface samples, pressing oxidation more atoms Cu or Cu+ . Two
molecules oxidation Cu-based on the surface Bi 2 Te3 is considered to be samples
and the rate changes electrical conductivity function properly time aging
explained (Fujimoto, 2007).
In international journals, entitled Comparative Quantitative Analysis of
sodium, Magnesium, potassium and Calcium in Healthy Cuttlefish Back bone
and Non-Pathological Human Elbow Bone , explained about energy dispertif
technique irradiation X-ray that used to analyze squid backbone. The method
addition standard used to determine concentration of Na, Mg, K, Ca. The order
test consists of The(Li) as detector with resolution 160 ev in 5.9 kev would still
be and source angular
55
concentration that had been known for analysing samples remove its known.
From the data obtained in experiment had been found that the sample backbone
squid there are elements Na, Mg, K, Ca. The Great concentration Na, Mg, K and
Ca in squid tulangh behind almost the same with the concentration backbone
man. Data yan g, this is that literature danb has been discussed in the process of
learning (Ridvan, 2007).
In international journals, entitled Theorytical Analysis of Cation
Ordering in Binary Rhombohedral Carbonate Systems, explained that the three
parameters version of approximation between mos and tetrahedron method
rhombohedral carbonate. A Model that phase diagram is enough to estimate
qualitative teoritical is complete agreement with the phase balances high
temperatures and with the structure testing and limits trust from extreme heat
temperature that combined most abundant cation move with. In addition, there
are many parameters interaction council who were asked to get proper topology
at high temperatures phase diagram to predict the revolution groud state (a
standard) with stoichiometry Ca3 Mg(CO3 )4 . the revolution cation in
comparison phase 3:1 give tolerance trigonal destorsi that analog with Cu 3 Au
or the structure of the3 Ti (Benjamin, 1987).
In international journals entitled The Cation Distribution in Synthetic
sun-Fe-Ni Olivines, said that in the distribution of making sun-Fe-Ni in olive
tree with cooling temperature at 10000 C. Fe2+ , Sun2+ , Ni2+ occurs polulasi
among M1 and M2 that has been determined by a combination spectroscopy
Moosbauer and raw materials and were shipped technique is based on its brightX, data that diffraction. Coefficient cation distribution Mg 2+ - Fe2+ , KD = [XFe
(MI) XMg (M2)J/[XFe (M2).XMg (Ml)], near by the unity but content reduction
nickel continued to increase. Ni2+ -( Mg2+ + Fe2+ ) cation distribution is close to
Ni2+ -Mg2+ earlier reportedly widowed some artificial Ni-Sun in olive tree
(Anders, 1982).
In international journals, entitled Mechasynthesis of Nanocrystalline
Germinate Fe
GeO
that the first sistesis of iron germanium nanopartikel with average size crystal 11
nm disntesis with chemical process from the mix mechanical -Fe 2 O3 /Fe/GeO2
in a room with the temperature
Na OH
Physical Characteristics :
-
Berisfat higroskpis
A white House
Chemical property :
2.9.2.
Volatile
KI
Physical Characteristics :
-
Balance yellow
Chemical property :
2.9.3.
Dissolved in ether
NH 3
Physical Characteristics :
-
Fluid nodes
Sifak Chemical :
2.9.4.
Aquadest
Physical Characteristics :
-
Without color
Chemical property :
2.9.5.
Is polar
K 2 cro 4
Physical Characteristics :
-
Fluid yellow
Chemical property :
2.9.6.
HNO 3
Physical Characteristics :
-
Inorganic acid
Boiling point 83 0 C
Chemical property :
- Is as oksidator (Basri, 1996)
2.9.7.
HCl
Physical Characteristics :
-
Solution -colored
Boiling point 85 0 C
Chemical property :
-
2.9.8.
Na 2 SO 3
Physical Characteristics :
- Solid white
Chemical property :
-
Dissolved in water
2.9.9.
KSCN
Physical Characteristics :
-
A crystal-colored
Chemical property :
2.9.10.
H 2 SO 4
Physical Characteristics :
-
A clear
Is hygroscopic nucleus
Density 1.8 g / cm 3
Chemical property :
2.9.11.
A strong acid
Used as a catalyst
Pb(NO 3 ) 2
Physical Characteristics :
-
Without color
Chemical property :
-
Dissolved in water
2.9.12.
DM G
Physical Characteristics :
- Is iron (III) dimetil glioksin
Chemical property :
-
- Na 2 SO 3
- NH 3
-H2O2
- KI
- GDM
- K 2 cro 4
- KSCN
- Aquadest
- HNO 3
- NH 4 no. 3
- Reagan sun
- H 2 SO 4
- Pb(NO 3 ) 2
- Samples Unknown
- Na OH
- Na 2 HPO 4
Pipette drops
reaction Tube
glass Trophy
Clipper
solution Pb 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ , Ba 2+ ,
Mg2 , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ stored up for from
Arians II
solution 2C: Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Cr
3+
-
An additional 4-6
drops NH 3
Stirring
Pensentrifusan
Solution is
thrown
- Adding 1 mL NH 4 no. 3
- Global Warming 2 minutes
solution 2D : cro4 2-
Sediment 2G :
Al(OH)3
Result
- Adding 0.5 mL H 2 O
- Exile wash
- Adding 2 drops HCL
- Adding 2 drops NH 3
Sediment point
2E : feo3
Result
3.3.3. Cation Known Analysis Group III
This separation and Identify The Alkaline Land
Solution 3A : Ba 2+ , Cu(NH 3 ) 4 , Ni(NH
2+
3 ) 6
Added 1 drops H 2 SO 4 , stir and sentrifus
Solution 3C : Cu2+ , Ni2+
Resul
t
2+
solution 4C : Ni2+
- Adding Na2 SO4
- Adding 5 drops Na OH
- Global Warming boil
- Adding Na OH until pH
10
Sediment 4D :
Ni(OH)2
- Adding 0.5 mL H 2 O
- Adding 1 drops HCl
- Adding 2 drops NH 3
- Adding 2 drops H 2 O 2
3-
and invisible
Sediment 4B
student. : cui
- Adding 8 drops NH3
- Adding materials 6
drops Na OH
- Testing pH
- Adding Na OH until pH
10
A blue : Cu(NH 3 ) 4 2+ , Cu 2+ is
Resul
t
Resul
t
IV. DATA
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sample
Samples Unknown I
+ HCl
+ NH 3
+ H 2 SO 4
Samples Unkonwn II
+ HCl
+ NH 3
+ H 2 SO 4
+ NH 3 + Na OH
+ HCl
+ KI
+ Global warming
Samples Unknown III
+ HCl
+ NH 3
+ H 2 SO 4
+ NH 3 + Na OH
+ HCl
+ KI
+ Na 2 SO 3
+ Na OH
Samples Unknown IV
+ HCl
+ NH 3
+ H 2 SO 4
+ NH 3 + Na OH
+ HCl
+ KI
+ Na 2 SO 3
+ Na OH
+ Global warming
Samples Unknown V
+ HCl
+ NH 3
+ H 2 SO 4
+ Ml H 2 O
+ Washed 1 mL water
+ Na OH + H 2 O 2
+ Global warming
+ HCl + KSCN
Result
Transparent
White clouded
There is a sludge white (Ba 2+ )
Transparent
Transparent
Transparent
Transparent
Transparent
Yellowish brown
Yellowish Brown (there is no deposit)
White clouded
Transparent
Transparent
Transparent
Transparent
Yellowish brown
Yellowish brown
There is a sludge green (Ni 2+ )
Transparent
Blue
Transparent
Transparent
Transparent
Yellow
Nodes yellowish
Nodes yellowish (on)
Nodes yellowish (on)
Transparent
Brown sludge
Sediment almost overnight.
Almost overnight.
A little brown sludge
Brown sludge
Sediment brown (on)
There is a e ndapan red brick (Fe 3+ )
V. The HYPOTHESIS
This experiment to identify cation-cation in partnership with sediment is
characterized by a color change the different deposits. Among color change sludge
impact by cation-cation are:
VI. DISCUSSION
This experiment entitled "Analysis of Cation Group" which aims to
identify cation-cation in solution and solid "unknown" by using this method
"kemikalia liquid" which is based on the behavior metal ions that different when
direaksikan with reagan reagan-specific. Deposition experiment was Principles
and pengompleksan. Deposition method is used in layers, which is the method that
shows that if this time solubility (from) two salt that is very little that have one ion
that period, quite different, but one of the salt will be present almost perfect before
other separated.
Percob aan be done in such a way to look at the sediment gradually after
added reagan-reagan is different. Sediment identify cation There is a contained.
Sediment can arise, because the reagan cation, according to the nature.
In this experiment, will be done a test on 5 These solution unknown .
Results obtained :
a) Test solution Unknown I
On experiments, this solution unknown I plus HCl, there is no change,
fungis HCl here is that has been established salt chloride. Then added NH
solution is still there is no change. The additional NH
group II. Then added H 2 SO 4 , and a change to the white House barium sulfate
and strontium sulfate, but barium sulfate little dissolves. In strontium sulfate
saturated, concentration ion sulfate high enough to cause deposition. While in
barium, the result to The concentrations ion beyond time result solubility.
Reactions that occur :
Ba2+ + SO4 2- baso4 white
(Svehla, 1990).
b) Test solution Unknown II
Trial identification in unknown II showed no change, this means there is
no cation in solution. After a plus HCl and NH 3 , solution does not produce a
sludge (did not show changes). After ditetesi H2 SO4 , solution is quite hot, then
solution plus NH3 and Na OH solution is still there is no change. And Then
added HCl, solution not menunnjukkan changes, after that, plus KI. Solution
brown color, brown color itself derived from basic colors from solution KI. After
all preferential treatment will be done,not in a specific cation and show that there
is the solution unknown II. It is very likely that that is the solution unknown II is
mineral water. It is very likely that the mineral water there is a cation, but in very
small amount, so that he would not be detected or if discovered, has been
terendapkan cation with another.
c) Test solution Unknown III
The solution unknown III, added solution HCl, there is no change.
Function HCl as to deposit the silver. Then added NH 3 , but solution there is no
change, plus H 2 SO 4 , solution is still did not show changes. Then added NH
and Na OH, solution remained unchanged. It is very likely that solution will not
be present, because Ni 2+ is still in the compound in complex [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2+ .
Reactions that occur :
Ni 2+ + 2NH 3 + 2D 2 O Ni(OH) 2 + 2NH 4 +
Ni(OH) 2 + 6NH 3 [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2+ + 2OH (Svehla, 1990)
Then added HCl, f ungsinya to neutralise solution. Added Advanced solution KI
into solution, and a yellowish brown turned into a. Solution KI function to
restructure their Cu 2+ . Brown color that arise because of the I 3- , I 3- is that bind
to Cu 2+ formed cui (white). Then added Na 2 SO 3 , solution to cloudy, after that,
added Na OH, and a change to precipitate a green Ni(OH) 2 . Na OH function to
restructure their Ni 2+ .
Reactions that occur :
Ni 2+ + 2OH - Ni(OH) 2 green
(Svehla, 1990).
d) Test solution Unknown IV
Trial identification in the fourth quarter solution unknown shows cation
group IV, this solution is a bit color blue cation, which is the solution unknown
IV is Cu2+ .
After plus solution HCl, the solution is still nodes, unchanged. Because,
cation not dissolved Cu 2+ in HCl thin. Ketidaklarutan is partly due to the fact
that potential elektrodanya positive. (+0,34V for partner Cu or Cu
2+
). Refined
tin with a positive potential standard can dissolves only in the acid that is
mengoksida (HNO 3 ), while HCl is not acid that is mengoksida (Svehla, 1990).
A more positive potential, smaller its tendency to become the ion
(Svehla, 1990).
Then added with NH 3 and disentrifus solution, the result has been turned
into a blue crystal clear. The blue produced in this because it has been
established a complex that contain ion complex maker sepura rose acids kuprat
(II) with a reaction:
Cu(OH) 2 .cuso 4 + 8NH 3 2[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ + SO 4 2- + 2OH (Svehla, 1990).
This reaction peculiar to ion Cu 2+ with the Ni 2+ .
After that, coupled with H 2 SO 4 , solution to nodes, then added HCl and
the solution is still nodes. After that, added with a solution KI, the results are
yellow. Next Na 2 So it was added by 3 , solution to yellow nodes, then added
with Na OH, the result is still there is no change, then when heat and the result is
still there is no change in unknown IV, namely in the form solution yellow
nodes. On experiments ujinya this negative, it's because cation concentration
that contained too little, and so cannot exceed Slc price, and it could not be
terendapkan. It should be, after it was added by KI, will be formed sediment
yellowish brown. Then added with NH
2,
functions H 2 O 2 is as oksidator.
Reactions that occur :
2Cu 2+ + 5I - 2CuI + I 3 (Svehla, 1990).
2+
, as it was in
3+
-38
) so deposition
is perfect, even with the salt-salt ammonium differences of iron (III) nickel,
cobalt, manganese, zinc and magnesium (Svehla, 1990).
After that, plus H
Functions from the H
SO
SO
4
3+
brown. Function H 2 O 2 used as oksidator, then when heat and sediment is still.
After that, plus HCl and KSCN and the result has been established sediment
chocolate that is the compound complex Fe(SCN)
The solution is acid, produced by color scarlet (differences from ion iron
(II) , which is in the formation of a complex induced because iron (III) tiosianat
that no berdisosiasi.
VII.
CONCLUSION
7.1 Positive test at Ba 2+ , marked with the formation sediment white after adding
H 2 SO 4 .
7.2 Tests positive in Ni 2+ , marked with the formation sediment green after adding
Na OH.
7.3 Tests positive in Fe
3+
adding KSCN.
7.4 Tests negative in samples 2, because it does not have been formed sediment.
7.5 Tests negative in samples 4, because it does not have been formed sediment.
VIII.
List of LIBRARIES