3G Ericsson

Radio Parameter
TELKOMSEL

Prepared by Adithya Yudha

Contents
Idle Mode
Handover
Power Control
Capacity Management
Channel Switching
HSDPA

Idle Mode and Common Channel

behavior

Cell Selection 3G part

Criteria for Cell Selection
Squal > 0 , Squal = Qqualmeas-qQualMin (only for WCDMA cells) and
Srxlev > 0 , Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas-qRxLevMin - Pcompensation (for all cells)
Pcompensation = max (maxTxPowerUl - P, 0)

Qqualmeas > qQualMin (-18dB) and

Qrxlevmeas > qRxLevMin (-115dBm) - max (maxTxPowerUl (24dB) - P, 0)

qQualMin : indicates the minimum required quality value in the cell. It is sent in
system information, in SIB3 for the serving cell, and in SIB11 for adjacent cells
qRxLevMin : indicates the minimum required signal strength in the cell. It is sent
in SIB3 for the serving cell and in SIB11 for adjacent cells
maxTxPowerUl : indicates the maximum allowed transmission power when the
UE accesses the system on RACH. It is broadcast in SIB3

Cell Selection 3G part

Squal > 0

Qqualmeas (dB)
(CPICH Ec/N0)

Squal >0 AND

Srxlev > 0

qQualMin
(18)
Squal = Qqualmeas qQualMin

qRxLevMin
(115)
suitabl
e
cell?

Qrxlevmeas (dBm)
CPICH RSCP

Pcompensation
Pcompensation = max(maxTxPowerUl P, 0) (dB)

Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxLevMin Pcompensation

Srxlev > 0

Cell Reselection 3G part

First according to S criteria
Squal > 0 (only WCDMA cells)
Srxlev > 0
The cells are ranked according to the R criteria:
R(serving) = Qmeas(s) + qHyst(s)
R(neighbor) = Qmeas(n) - qOffset(s,n)
qHyst1 : Based on CPICH RSCP
qHyst(s)
qHyst2 : Based on CPICH Ec/No
qOffset1sn : Based on CPICH RSCP
qOffset(s,n)

qOffset2sn : Based on CPICH Ec/No

(1 ) qHyst(s) and qOffset(sn) based on CPICH RSCP only

qualMeasQuantity =x

(2 ) With this setting the UE first makes qHyst(s) and qOffset(sn)

based on CPICH RSCP . If a GSM cell is highest ranked, no more
ranking is done. If a WCDMA neighbor is highest ranked, a second
ranking takes place, this time according to CPICH Ec/No, and
excluding all GSM neighbors

Cell Reselection 3G part

R CRITERIA :
R(serving) = Qmeas(s) + qHyst(s)
R(neighbor) = Qmeas(n) - qOffset(s,n)
Note that parameter qOffset1sn works identically for WCDMA-GSM and
WCDMA-WCDMA neighbor relations.
But the values of GSM RSSI and WCDMA CPICH RSCP are not of the same
nature and therefore not directly comparable.
[CPICH RSCP] = [GSM RSSI] + 7
As an example a measured RSCP on a WCDMA CPICH of -100 dBm would be
comparable to a GSM broadcast channel RSSI of -93 dBm. A parameter setting
of a GSM neighbor to qOffset1sn = +7 will thus make the received signal
strength in the WCDMA and the GSM cell comparable.

Cell Reselection 3G part

MEASUREMENT ON INTRA AND INTER-RAT NEIGHBOR
The decision about when intrafrequency measurements are performed is made using the
sIntraSearch parameter in relation to Squal:
If the Squal > sIntraSearch, the UE does not need to perform intrafrequency measurements.
If the Squal <= sIntraSearch value, the UE performs intrafrequency measurements.
If the sIntraSearch = 0 dB, is not sent to the serving cell, the UE performs intrafrequency
measurements.

The decision about when GSM measurements are performed is made using the sRatSearch
parameter in relation to Squal and the sHcsRat parameter in relation to Srxlev:
If the Squal > sRatSearch and the Srxlev > sHcsRat, the UE does not need to perform measurements on
GSM cells.
If the Squal <= sRatSearch value and/or the Srxlev <= sHcsRat value, the UE performs measurements on
GSM cells.

Squal <= sRatSearch

Qqualmeas-qQualMin <= sRatSearch
Qqualmeas <= qQualMin (-18dB) + sRatSearch (4dB)
Srxlev <= sHcsRat
Qrxlevmeas-qRxLevMin Pcompensation <= sHcsRat
Qrxlevmeas <= qRxLevMin (-115dBm) + 0 + sHcsRat (3dB)

Cell Reselection 3G part

Measurements on GSM Neighbors

available If :
CPICH Ec/No qQualMin < SRatSearch

Rs = Serving WCDMA cell

calculation, with

qHyst1 = 4 dB
qOffset1sn = 0 dB

qQualMin = -18 dB
Rs = CPICH RSCP/GSM RSSI + Qhyst1
sRATsearch = 4 dB
Rn= CPICH_RSCP(n) or RXLEV(n) - Qoffset1
qOffset1sn = 7 dB
qRxlevMin = -115 dBm

hysteresis parameter
Rn = Neighbour WCDMA or GSM
cell calculation with offset
parameter

Yes

Rn higher in GSM cell

No
Qhyst2 = 4 dB
qOffset2sn = 0 dB

Cell re-selection
to GSM
If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, then the UE must
perform cell re-selection to that TDD or GSM cell.
If a FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and
cell_selection_and_reselection-quality_measure is set to CPICH
RSCP, the UE shall perform cell re-selection to that FDD cell.
If a FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and
cell_selection_and_reselection-quality_measure is set to CPICH
Ec/No, the UE shall perform a second ranking of the FDD cells
according to the R criteria using the measurement quantity CPICH
Ec/No calculating the R values of the FDD cells.

Second ranking only for WCDMA cells based on

CPICH Ec/No
Rs = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2
Rn= CPICH Ec/No -Qoffset2

Cell re-selection to
WCDMA cell of highest
R value

RSCP

First ranking of all the cells based on

CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM)

GSM cell measurements

RSSI

Cell Reselection 3G part

Cell Reselection 2G part

Measurements on 3G Neighbors
The parameters QSI and QSC define thresholds and also indicate whether these
measurements shall be performed when the signal strength (SS) of the serving cell is below or
above the threshold. QSI is used for idle and packet switched modes and broadcast on BCCH
and PBCCH (if enabled), while QSC is used for active mode, sent on SACCH
There are 4 different scenarios to choose from. Parameters QSI and QSC are set per GSM cell and define
both the scenario and the necessary threshold, at the same time:
UTRAN neighboring cells are measured only when the signal strength of the GSM serving cell is above
the threshold set by QSI and QSC
UTRAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the GSM serving cell is below the
threshold set by QSI and QSC .
UTRAN neighbor cells are always measured.
UTRAN neighbor cells are never measured. This can be used to turn off the cell reselection/handover to
UMTS, per cell, even if COEXUMTS is ON for the BSC.

Value

10

14

15

dBm

-98

-94

-74

Always

-78

-74

-70

-54

Never

If RLA_C < -94 UE starts

3G measurements

UE always measures 3G
cells

If RLA_C > -70 UE starts

3G measurements

UE never measures 3G
cells

Cell Reselection 2G part

Example 1: If an UTRAN cell should serve purely to extend the coverage for MultiRAT MSs in GSM, it is logical to set QSI /QSC values from 0-6, since it's only
needed to make cell reselection and handovers to UMTS when the GSM coverage
falls low.

Cell Reselection 2G part

Example 2: If an UTRAN cell is co-sited with a GSM cell, there is a certain
correlation between signal strengths of the two systems. If the GSM is for example
using 900MHz band it is very probable that the GSM signal strength will always be
higher than the UTRAN signal, for a number of dBs. Therefore, there is no point in
measuring UTRAN cells in low GSM signal conditions and values 8-14 can be
selected accordingly.

Cell Reselection 2G part

Criteria :
CPICH Ec/No > FDDQMIN (-13dB) and
CPICH RSCP > RLA(s+n) + FDDQOFF (-infinite)
FDDQMIN
Value

dBm

-20

-6

-18

-8

-16

-10

-14

-12

FDDQOFF
Value

14

15

dBm

-32
(infinity)

-28

-24

-20

24

28

Always select irrespective of

RSCP value

Reselect in case RSCP > GSM

RXLev (RLA_C) +28dB

Cell Reselection 2G part

Cell Reselection List
BCCH: FDDQMIN, FDDQOFF

QSI = 7(always)
Check levels every 5s
from serving GSM cell
and best 6 GSM
neighbour cells

UE starts WCDMA measurements if Rxlev

running average (RLA_C) is below or above
certain threshold:
RLA_C QSI or QSC

DEFAULT:
fdd cell reselect offset:
select always
(value is -infinity)
minimum fdd
threshold = -8 dB

Compare levels
of all GSM cells
to WCDMA
neighbour

Check quality
of neighbour
WCDMA cells, no
priorities between
WCDMA
neighbours

UE can select WCDMA cell if the level of the

serving GSM and non-serving GSM cells has been
exceeded by certain offset for a period of 5 s:
CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDDQOFF
RSCP > (aveRxLev) + -32

FDDQMIN = -8 dB
UE will re-select WCDMA cell in case it's
quality is acceptable:
CPICH Ec/No FDDQMIN
EcNo -8 dB

05.08:This may take up to 30s

FDDQOFF = -32 dB

WCDMA
cell
reselectio
n

Idle Mode Parameter Summary

Cell Selection and Reselection

accessClassNBarred

bandIndicator

Indicates whether or not access class N is barred ( N = 0 to 15).

0 : not barred
1 : barred
Start from least significatant bit:
bit 0 : class 0
bit 1 : class 1
bit 2 : class 2
.......
bit 15 : class 15
Indicates the frequency band of the external GSM cell.
The BCCH frequency is unique for all GSM bands except the two GSM
bands DCS1800 and PCS1900, so the band indicator is needed to
discriminate between the two. When the ExternalGsmCell has a BCCH
frequency indicating some other frequency band, then the band
indicator is not needed and may be set to "Not applicable".

bcchFrequency
cellReserved
fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff

BCCH frequency code in the GSM cell. Contains the absolute radio
frequency channel number of the BCCH channel for the GSM cell. It
uniquely identifies the BCCH.
Indicates if this cell shall be reserved for operator use. If it is reserved,
there will be no service to the UEs.
Fach Measurement Occasion Cycle Length coefficient. A factor used
when the UE performs inter-frequency and inter-system
measurements. The UE uses this parameter to calculate the interval
length in order to determine the repeating cycle of the measurement.
0 : not broadcasted in SIB 11.
1 : not used.
2 : not used.
3 : used when inter frequency and GSM neighbours.
4 : used when inter freqency or GSM neighbours.
5 - 12 not used.

interFreqFddMeasIndicator

Inter-frequency FDD measurement indicator.

FALSE = No
TRUE = Yes

Idle Mode Parameter Summary

maxTxPowerUl
The maximum UE transmission power on the RACH when accessing
the system. Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle
mode and connected mode. Also used by UTRAN to control the
maximum TX power level an UE may use.
If the current UE uplink transmit power is above the indicated power
value, the UE shall decrease the power to a level below the power
value. Value launched by System information (SIB11) for each intrafrequency measurement object corresponding to adjacent cells of
serving cell.
Unit: 1 dBm
Resolution: 1
-50: -50 dBm
...
33: 33 dBm
100 : Default value. The parameter is not sent in SIB11 and the UE will
use the maximum output power for this GSM cell, according to its radio
access capability.

maxTxPowerUl (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor within same RNC)

maxTxPowerUl (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)
maxTxPowerUl (GSM neighbor)
mcc
The MCC part of the PLMN identity used in the GSM radio network.
The PLMN identity consists of two parts:
1. MobileCountryCode, MCC, 3 digits
2. MobileNetworkCode, MNC, 2 or 3 digits
Example: If MCC=125 and MNC=46 then plmnId=12546.

mnc

The MNC part of the PLMN identity used in the radio network.
The PLMN identity consists of two parts:
1. MobileCountryCode, MCC, 3 digits
2. MobileNetworkCode, MNC, 2 or 3 digits
Example: If MCC=125 and MNC=46 then plmnId=12546.

nmo
primaryScramblingCode

Network operation mode that indicates whether the Gs interface

between the SGSN and MSC/VLR is installed.
The primary downlink scrambling code to be used in the external cell.

Idle Mode Parameter Summary

qHyst1

Cell reselection hysteresis used in UE functions in idle and connected

mode. Value launched by System information (SIB3).
Resolution: 2

qHyst2

The hysteresis value of the serving cell. Used to perform cell ranking
for the serving cell.
Resolution: 2

qOffset1sn

Signal stength offset between source and target cells. Used when the
IE "cell_selection_and_reselection_quality_measure" in SIB 11/12 is
set to "CPICH RSCP". This is configured through
UtranCell::qualMeasQuantity.
Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 1
-50 : -50dB
-49 : -49dB
-48 : -48dB
......
50 : 50dB

qOffset1sn (WCDMA neighbor relation)

qOffset1sn (GSM neighbor relation)
qOffset2sn (WCDMA neighbor relation)
qQualMin

Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle mode and

connected mode. Minimum required (acceptable) quality level in the
cell (dB). Used to set cell border between two cells.
Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 1
-24 : -24dB
......
0 : 0dB
100 : Indicates that the minimum quality level has not been specified by
the operator. The parameter is then not
present in SIB11 for this neighbour. The UE will use the serving cell
value (UtranCell MO value) instead.

qQualMin (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor within same RNC)

qQualMin (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)

Idle Mode Parameter Summary

qRxLevMin

Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle mode and

connected mode. Minimum required (acceptable) RX level in the cell.
(dBm). Value launched by System information (SIB11) for each intrafrequency measurement object corresponding to adjacent cells of
serving cell.
Unit: 1 dBm
Resolution: 2
-115 : -115dBm
-113 : -113dBm
-111 : -111dBm
-109 : -109dBm
.....
-25 : -25 dBm
100 : Indicates that the minimum Rx level has not been specified by the
operator. The parameter is then not
present in SIB11 for this neighbour. The UE will use the serving cell
value (UtranCell MO value) instead.

qRxLevMin (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor belonging to same RNC)

qRxLevMin (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)
qRxLevMin (GSM neighbor)
Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle and
qualMeasQuantity
connected mode. Cell selection and reselection quality measure.
Value launched by System information (SIB3, SIB11 and SIB12).

sHcsRat

RAT specific threshold in the serving cell used in the inter-RAT

measurement rules.
This parameter is used by the UE to decide when to start GSM
measurements for cell reselection, if the serving cell is indicated to
belong to a Hiearachical Cell Structure (HCS)
GSM measurements in idle mode and state CELL_FACH are started
by the UE when RSCP <= qRxLevMin + sHscRat.
If sHcsRat is set to a negative value, this will be interpreted as 0 by the
UE (according to 3GPP TS 25.331).
Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 2

Idle Mode Parameter Summary

sInterSearch

The decision on when measurements on inter frequencies shall be

performed.
If a negative dB value is configured the UE interprets the negative
value as 0 dB.
Unit: 2 dB
Resolution: 1
0 : not sent
1 : -32 dB
2 : -30 dB
...
27 : 20 dB

sIntraSearch

The decision on when measurements on intra frequencies shall be

performed.
If a negative dB value is configured, the UE interprets the negative
value as 0 dB.
Unit: 2 dB
Resolution: 1
0 : not sent
1 : -32 dB
2 : -30 dB
...
27 : 20 dB

sRatSearch
The decision on when measurements on GSM frequencies shall be
performed is made using this parameter in relation with Squal.
If S_qual > this parameter, UE need not perform measurements on
GSM cells.
If S_qual <= this paramter, UE shall perform measurment on GSM
cells.
If a negative value is configured the UE interprets the negative value as
0.
Unit: 1dB
Resolution: 2
-32 : -32dB
-30 : -30dB
......

Idle Mode Parameter Summary

treSelection

Control of cell selection/reselection. Time-to-trigger for cell reselection

in seconds.
Value launched by System information (SIB3).

uarfcnDl

Downlink Utra Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number.

Specifies the channel number for the central DL frequency. The
mapping from channel number to physical frequency is described in
3GPP specification TS 25.104.
Unit: Channel number
Resolution: N/A

uarfcnUl

Uplink Utra Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number.

Specifies the channel number for the central UL frequency. The
mapping from channel number to physical frequency is described in
3GPP specification TS 25.104.
Unit: Channel number
Resolution: N/A

Idle Mode Parameter Summary

Location and Routing Area Updating

att

Indicates to the UE whether IMSI attach/detach is allowed. (Some

IMSIs are not allowed in some LAs.) This helps to facilitate the
avoidance of unnecessary paging attempts. The value is sent on the
BCCH.
FALSE: IMSI attach not allowed
TRUE: IMSI attach allowed

lAC

The Location Area Code of the external GSM cell.

Note: the values 0000 and FFFE are reserved for special cases where
no valid LAI exists in the MS.
Old name: lAC

rAC

Routing Area Code of a routing area. An RA is used by UTRAN to page

mobiles on request from the PS CN.
When the parameter is changed, UTRAN shall update system
information and notity UEs.
Old name: rAC

t3212

Periodic update timer for LA update.

Unit: 0.1 hours (= 1 decihour = 6 minutes = 360 seconds)
Resolution: 1
0 means infinite time, i.e. not

Idle Mode Parameter Summary

Paging

cnDrxCycleLengthCs

Core Network DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for UEs in idle mode,
circuit switched.
The cycle length is calculated as the k'th potential of 2, where k = 6..9.
For example, 6 corresponds to cycle length 640 ms, 7 corresponds to
cycle length 1280 ms, etc.

cnDrxCycleLengthPs

Core Network DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for UEs in idle mode,
packet switched.
The cycle length is calculated as the k'th potential of 2, where k = 6..9.
For example, 6 corresponds to cycle length 640 ms, 7 corresponds to
cycle length 1280 ms, etc.

noOfMaxDrxCycles

Paging notification duration.

To notify UEs in IDLE mode about a system information update, the
RNC sends a paging message on the PCH at every page occasion of a
number of maximum DRX cycles.

noOfPagingRecordTransm

Number of preconfigured subsequent transmissions of the same

Paging Record.

System Information

noOfMibValueTagRetrans
sib1PlmnScopeValueTag
sib1RepPeriod
sib3RepPeriod
sib5RepPeriod
sib7RepPeriod
sib11RepPeriod
sib12RepPeriod
sib1StartPos
sib3StartPos
sib5StartPos
sib7StartPos
sib11StartPos
sib12StartPos
sib7ExpirationTimeFactor
updateCellReattsNo

Number of MIB value tag retransmissions on the FACH.

The area identity part of PLMN scope value tages for SIB1

SIB7 use expiration time as re-read mechanism. The expiration time is

sib7RepPeriod times sib7ExpirationTimeFactor.
Number of update reattempts when an update of system information
parameters in a cell failed.

Idle Mode Behaviour

UE States

Idle mode
No connection to radio network (No RRC connection established)
This minimizes resource utilization in UE and the network

CELL_FACH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to
radio network)
UE uses the common transport channels RACH or FACH
If the parameter interFreqFDDMeasIndicator = 1, the UE will evaluate cell
reselection criteria on inter-frequency cells (0)

CELL_DCH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to
radio network)
UE uses dedicated channels for transmitting data and signalling

Power

Pilot Channel Power

primary CPICH power should be 8 to 10% (~ 1 Watt) of

the nominal RBS power at the reference point (~10W,
while MCPA is 20W)
The pilot power is designed to be equal in all cells at the
Reference Point.
primaryCpichPower = 30 dBm
TopOfRack = primaryCpichPower +
dlAttenuation
System will adjust the TopOfRack to meet the required
value.
Consistency check on
MaximumTransmissionPowerDL (Calculated vs.
setting value)
The feeder loss parameters ulAttenuation &
dlAttenuation and electrical delay parameters
ulElectricalDelay & dlElectricalDelay must be entered
properly in the system (actual VSWR).
More CPICH less capacity trade off

P-CPICH

dl/ulAttenuation
dl/ElectDelay

TopOfRack
MaxTxPowerDL

Common Control Channel Power

With increasing CPICH power capacity directly decreasis, but common channels and
power per each dedicated channel is calculated from CPICH
At CPICH 30 dBm, the common channel will be configured as follow:

Parameter Name
primaryCpichPower

MO Type
UtranCell

pchPower

Pch

primarySchPower

Value

Cumm(dBm)

Peak Power(W)

Typical AF

Avg Power(W)

30

-0.4

29.6

0.91

0.20

0.18

UtranCell

-1.8

28.2

0.66

0.10

0.07

secondarySchPower

UtranCell

-3.5

26.5

0.45

0.10

0.04

maxFach1Power

Fach

1.8

31.8

1.51

0.10

0.15

maxFach2Power

Fach

1.5

31.5

1.41

0.30

0.42

bchPower

UtranCell

-3.1

26.9

0.49

0.90

0.44

aichPower

Rach

-6

24

0.25

0.10

0.03

pichPower

Pch

-7

23

0.20

1.00

0.20

38.38

6.89

MaximumTransmissionPowerDL is design to be equal with Nominal RBS Power

2.53

Common Channel on Downlink

Cell Setup and Reconfiguration - Downlink
is the power used for transmitting the PCPICH.
is the power used for transmitting on the BCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
is the power used for transmitting on the Primary SCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
is the power used for transmitting on the Secondary SCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
Common Transport Channel Setup and Reconfiguration - Downlink
aichPower
is the power used for transmitting on AICH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
maxFach1Power
defines the maximum power used for transmitting the first FACH channel, relative to the
primaryCpichPower value. The first FACH is used for logical channels BCCH, CCCH, and DCCH
control signaling.
maxFach2Power
defines the Maximum power used for transmitting the second FACH channel, relative to the
primaryCpichPower value. The second FACH is used for logical channel DTCH traffic signaling.
pOffset1Fach
is the offset between downlink DPDCH and DPCCH TFCI field on FACH.
pOffset3Fach
is the offset between downlink DPDCH and DPCCH pilot field on FACH.
pchPower
is the power used for transmitting on the PCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
pichPower
is the power used for transmitting on the PICH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.

primaryCpichPower
bchPower
primarySchPower
secondarySchPower

Common Channel on Uplink

Common Transport Channel Setup and Reconfiguration - Uplink
is a constant value in dB used by the UE to calculate the initial power on the PRACH according to
the Open Loop Power Control procedure.
powerOffsetP0
is the Power ramp step for the preamble when no acquisition indicator is received.
powerOffsetPpm
is the Power offset between the last transmitted preamble and the control part of the random
access message.
preambleRetransMax
is the maximum number of preambles sent in one RACH preamble ramping cycle.
maxPreambleCycle
is the maximum number of preamble ramping cycle.

constantValueCprach

Common Channel on Uplink

P_RACH
The initial power on the PRACH - the power of the first preamble - is determined according to equation

P_PRACH = L_PCPICH + RTWP + constantValueCprach (-27dB)

L_PCPICH

: is the path loss estimated by the UE based on knowing the

transmitted and received PCPICH power.

RTWP

: is the Received Total Wideband Power (uplink interference) level

measured by the RBS.

constantValueCprach

: is used by the UE to calculate the initial power on the PRACH . This

parameter is configurable and decides at which level below RTWP
preamble ramping will start

Common Channel on Uplink

POWER RAMP ON RACH
To reach an appropriate received power level at the RBS, the UE uses preamble ramping. This
procedure consists of the following steps:

The UE transmits a preamble.

As soon as the RBS properly detects the preamble, it sends an Acknowledgement Indicator
(AI) on the AICH.

While not receiving any AI, the UE transmits a new preamble, increasing the transmission
power with respect to the previous one by the configurable parameter powerOffsetP0.(3dB)

As soon as the UE receives an AI, it sends the PRACH message part. The power of the
control part of the random access message is determined by the power of the last
transmitted preamble and by a configurable offset powerOffsetPpm.(- 4dB) The power of
the data part of the PRACH message is determined by the gain factors for PRACH, which is
included in System Information.

Common Channel on Uplink

POWER RAMP ON RACH

preambleRetransMax (8) parameter determines

how many times PRACH preamble can be sent
within one preamble ramping cycle (SIB5&6)

maxPreambleCycle (4) defines how many times

the PRACH preamble ramping cycle procedure can
be repeated before UE MAC reports a failure on
RACH transmission to higher layers (SIB5&6)

Common Channel on Uplink

In average coverage conditions the RRC Connection Setup performance can be improved by tuning the
open loop power control parameters
These parameters are
preambleRetransMax and & maxPreambleCycle
powerOffsetPpm
powerOffsetP0

L1 ACK / AICH
Downlink Not detected
BS
MaxTXPowerUl
powerOffsetP0
Initial
preamble
power

Uplink
Preamble
MS Preamble
1
2

Preamble

preambleRetransMax

# PRACH preambles transmitted during one PRACH

cycle without receiving AICH response

maxPreambleCycle
# preamble power ramping cycles that can be done
before RACH transmission failure is reported

powerOffsetPpm

Message part

Handover

Soft/Softer Handover
Inter-Frequency Handover
Inter-RAT Handover
Inter-RAT Cell Change
HSDPA Mobility

Intra-Frequency Handover
SOFTER HANDOVER

MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (handled by same BTS)

No extra transmissions across Iub interface

Mobile Evaluated HandOver (MEHO)

Both UL and DL: Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is occurring in rake receiver
SOFT HANDOVER

MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (from different BTSs)

Extra transmission across Iub, more channel cards are needed

Mobile Evaluated HandOver (MEHO)

DL/UE: MRC

UL/RNC: Frame selection combining

HARD HANDOVER

Arises when inter-RNC SHO is not possible (Iur not supported or Iur congestion)

Decision procedure is the same as SHO (MEHO)

Causes temporary disconnection

Inter-Frequency Handover
Can be intra-BS, intra-RNC, inter-RNC
Network Evaluated HandOver (NEHO)
Inter-RAT (Inter-system) Handover
Handovers between GSM and WCDMA (NEHO)

Entities Involved in Reporting, Evaluation, and Execution of Handover-Related Functions.

Entities Involved in Reporting, Evaluation, and Execution of Handover-Related Functions.

The concept of event-triggered reporting as specified in 3GPP is used by handover evaluation and
allows the UE to do some part of the evaluation.
Thus, the UE is configured to evaluate and send measurement reports to the system only when certain
events occur, that is, when a monitored cell is measured and the measurement result for a monitored cell
fulfills certain criteria. When the conditions for triggering a certain handover are fulfilled, the handover
evaluation part triggers the corresponding handover execution part.

3GPP-defined UE Associated Cell sets for Measurement

Active Set
The cells involved in soft handover and measured by the UE
Virtual Active Set
The Active Set associated with a non-used frequency for support of Inter-Frequency
evaluation
Monitored Set
The cells only measured by the UE and not part of the Active Set. The monitored set can
consist of intra-frequency, Inter-Frequency and Inter-RAT cells
Detected Set
The intra frequency cells(P-CPICH scrambling codes) detected by the UE but not part of
Active Set or monitored set

Soft/Softer Handover
Event 1a, A primary CPICH enters the Reporting Range
(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) > (P-CPICH Ec/No of the Best Cell in the Active Set) reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a /2
When a P-CPICH, not included in the Active Set, enters reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a/2, and the
measured value remains in reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a/2 at least a time equal to timeToTrigger1a
(Time to Trigger 1a), event 1a occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 1a to
the SRNC. If the report contains more than one cell fulfilling 1a criteria, only the one with highest Ec/No is
considered and retained. If the retained cell is a valid cell and Active Set is not full (present cells in the
Active Set is less than maxActiveSet parameter), the cell is proposed to be added to the Active Set. If
the Active Set is full, the cell is proposed as a replacement of the worst cell in the Active Set provided that the
reported cell has a better quality than the worst cell in the Active Set.

Event 1b, A primary CPICH leaves the Reporting Range

(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) < (P-CPICH Ec/No of the best cell in the Active Set) reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2
When a P-CPICH, included in the Active Set, leaves reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2, and the
measured value is outside reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2 during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger1b, event 1b occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 1b to the
SRNC. The handover algorithms will remove the reported cells one by one from the Active Set, however one
cell is always kept in the Active Set for maintaining the connection.

Soft/Softer Handover
Event 1a and Event 1b

5dB

3dB

320 ms

Cell (P_CPICH2) Would

be proposed to be
included in Active Set
List

640 ms

Cell (P_CPICH2) Would

be proposed to be
excluded from Active
Set List

Soft/Softer Handover
Event 1c, A non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an Active Primary
CPICH
(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) > (P-CPICH Ec/No of the Best Cell in the Active Set) +
hysteresis1c /2
When a P-CPICH, not included in the
Active Set, becomes stronger than the
weakest
P-CPICH+hysteresis1c /2 in the Active
Set during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger1c,and the Active Set is full
(present cells in the Active Set is equal to
maxActiveSet parameter) event 1c
occurs. The UE sends a
MEASUREMENT REPORT message for
event 1c to the SRNC. If the retained cell
is a valid cell, and the Active Set is full,
the cell is proposed as a replacement for
the weakest cell in the Active Set

Hysteresis1c (1dB)

Cell (P_CPICH4) Would

be replaced P_CPICH3
in active set list

320 ms

Soft/Softer Handover
Parameter Summary
Setting Value

Remark

reportingRange1a

3 dB

reportingRange1b

10

5 dB

timeToTrigger1a

11

320ms

timeToTrigger1b

12

640ms

timeToTrigger1c

11

320ms

timeToTrigger1d

14

2560ms

hysteresis1a

hysteresis1b

hysteresis1c

1dB

hysteresis1d

15

7dB

maxActiveSet

Inter-RAT Handover
Event 2d, The Estimated Quality of the Currently Used frequency is below a
Certain Threshold
When the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the absolute threshold
usedFreqThresh2dEcno - hysteresis2d/2, during a time at least equal to timeToTrigger2dEcno, OR the
estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the absolute threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp - hysteresis2d/2, during a time at least equal to timeToTrigger2dRscp, event 2d
occurs.

Event 2f, The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a
certain threshold
When the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is above the relative threshold
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno+usedFreqThresh2dEcno + hysteresis2f/2, during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger2fEcno, AND the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is above the
relative threshold usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp+usedFreqThresh2dRscp + hysteresis2f/2, during a time at
least equal to timeToTrigger2fRscp event 2f occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message
for event 2f to the SRNC. When SRNC receives the MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 2f from
the UE, measurements for IRATHO_eval event 3a or IFHO_eval event 2b and associated compressed mode
usage is stopped.

Inter-RAT Handover
Compressed Mode and de-Compressed Mode

UE stop compressed
mode

1 + (-12 dB)

-12 dB

640 ms

UE start compressed
mode to measure GSM
or Interfreq Neighbors

2560 ms

usedFreqThresh2dRscp : 100 dBm

usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno : 3 dB
timeToTrigger2dRscp : 640 ms
timeToTrigger2fRscp : 2560 ms

Inter-RAT Handover
Event 3a, The Estimated Quality of the Currently Used UTRAN Frequency is
below a Certain Threshold and the Estimated Quality of the Other System is
above a Certain Threshold
The event 3a occurs according to the following points:
When the estimated quality of the WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the threshold
usedFreqThresh2dEcno+utranRelThresh3aEcno - hysteresis3a/2 and the measured GSM carrier RSSI of
a GSM/GPRS cell is above the absolute threshold gsmThresh3a, during a time at least equal to
TimeToTrigger3a
when the estimated quality of the WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp+utranRelThresh3aRscp - hysteresis3a/2 and the measured GSM carrier RSSI of
a GSM/GPRS cell is above the absolute threshold gsmThresh3a, during a time at least equal to
TimeToTrigger3a
in case of the connection quality has been triggered in UL for UE TX power (event 6a, see Event 6a, The UE
Tx Power becomes larger than an Absolute Threshold), the event 3a is triggered when the estimated quality of
the WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp+utranRelThresh3aRscp+utranRelThreshRscp - hysteresis3a/2 and the
measured GSM carrier RSSI of a GSM/GPRS cell is above the absolute threshold gsmThresh3a , during a
time at least equal to TimeToTrigger3a.

Inter-RAT Handover

(-12 dB) + (-1dB)

RSSI -95dB

320 ms
usedFreqThresh2dRscp : 100 dBm
utranRelThresh3aRscp : - 3 dB

IFHO & IRAT Parameter Summary

Capacity Management

Capacity Management
The Capacity Management solution consists of three main functions:
1. Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling
The Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling function is responsible for keeping
track of the utilization of critical resources in the system. The utilization of these
resources provides information that is used by Admission and Congestion Control
functions to control the cell load.
2. Admission Control
The Admission Control function is responsible for controlling the utilization of
dedicated monitored resources by accepting or refusing requests for usage of
these resources.
3. Congestion Control
The Congestion Control function is responsible for detecting and resolving overload
situations on certain dedicated monitored resources.

Downlink Channelization Code

Admission Policy
Total Downlink Channelization code usage are calculated as follow :
Sum user (1/SFuser) + Sum CCH (1/SFCCH)+Sum code(1/SFcode HS-DSCH )
Where:

(5%)

(80%)

Downlink Channelization Code

Admission Policy
To reserve codes for users in handover, there is code blocking for non-handover
requests, while requests for handover are not blocked by the downlink
channelization code admission policy. It should be noted that handover requests
can fail on the allocation of the downlink code and this is detected when allocating
the downlink code.

Downlink code allocation policy for the non-handover requests is shown in

1.(Non-guaranteed, non-handover) admission requests are blocked when the
resource usage exceeds dlCodeAdm - beMarginDlCode.
2. (Guaranteed, non-handover) and (guaranteed-hs, non-handover) admission
requests are blocked when the resource usage exceeds dlCodeAdm.

Histogram Admission Policy

The Histogram Monitor keeps track of the following resources:
Spreading Factor usage in downlink. It adds information about downlink
channelization code usage. This is achieved by keeping track of the
number of connections that are using certain code lengths. The histogram
monitor gives information per spreading factor. It should be noted that the
monitor does not count the codes (spreading factor = 16) reserved for
HSDPA connections.
Spreading Factor usage in uplink. This measurement aims at avoiding
overload of uplink RTWP due to the usage of the (optional) PS384/HS radio
connection type. The histogram monitor gives information per spreading
factor.
Number of Compressed Mode radio links. This measurement is used to
avoid too much interference from the compressed mode radio users.
Number of HSDPA users allocated to the HS-DSCH. This measurement
provides the HSDPA usage in a cell. The monitor of this dedicated resource
is obtained by tracking the number HS-serving radio links in a cell. This
includes both PS64/HS and PS384/HS radio connection types.

Histogram Admission Policy

1. Non-Guaranteed Service Class Limits in Downlink

(32)
(16)
(8)

Histogram Admission Policy

2. Guaranteed Service Class Limits in Downlink
Admission Control blocks (guaranteed, <any>) admission requests demanding
spreading factor 16 in downlink (streaming PS16/128 radio connection type) when
the usage of this spreading factor exceeds sf16gAdm (16).
3. Guaranteed-hs Service Class Limits in Uplink
Admission Control blocks (guaranteed-hs, <any>a) admission requests demanding
spreading factor 4 in uplink (PS384/HS radio connection type) when the usage of
this spreading factor exceeds sf4AdmUl (0).
4. Compressed Mode Radio Links Limits
Admission Control blocks admission requests for a radio link in compressed mode
when the current number of radio links exceeds the parameter compModeAdm
(15).
5. Number of Simultaneous HS-Serving Links Limits
Admission Control blocks new radio link admission requests which involve the
allocation to HS-PDSCH/HS-SCCH when the number of users assigned to the HSDSCH in the cell exceeds hsdpaUsersAdm (10).

The Downlink Transmitted Carrier

Power Admission Policy

(10%)

(10%)

(75%)

WCDMA to GPRS (PS)

Gi

External
Networks

GGSN
Gn

Gn

3G-SGSN

2G-SGSN
Gb

Iu

SRNC

BSC
Abis

Iub

RBS
RBS

RBS

RBS

RBS
RBS

A successful IRATCC from

WCDMA to GPRS
SRNC

CN/SGSN

CELL_DCH
1. DCCH (AM) Measurement Report (Event 2d)
2. Evaluation of MR
3. Compressed Mode Control
4. DCCH (AM) Measurement Control

5. DCCH (AM) Measurement Report (Event 3a)

6. Evaluation of MR
7. DCCH (AM):CELL_DCH Cell Change Order from UTRAN
8. GSM: RA Update
9. SRNS Context Request
10. Stop DL Transmission
11. SRNS Context Response

12. Iu Release Command

13. Dedicated Radio Link Release
14. Iu Release Complete

Target BSS

GSM to WCDMA (voice) :

Measurements on WCDMA Cells
Four different scenarios:

WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the
GSM serving cell is above the threshold set by QSI and QSC.

WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the
GSM serving cell is below the threshold set by QSI and QSC.

WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are always measured.

WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are never measured.

This can be used to turn off the cell reselection/handover to WCDMA, per cell,
even if COEXUMTS (parameter used to activate the functionality of making
handovers and cell reselections between GSM and WCDMA) is on for the BSC.

Load sharing

Load sharing
Load sharing to 2nd carrier at RRC establishment
Least loaded cell (Highest difference between power and pwradm) is
chosen by sending RRC connection reject with redirection info to 2nd
carrier.

Directed Retry to GSM at RAB establishment

When Dl power reaches loadSharingGsmThreshold percentage of
pwradm, calls are targeted to be offloaded to GSM. This is achieved
by rejecting RAB establishment requests with directed retry as a
cause.

Load sharing capabilities

available in the WCDMA RAN

Inter-Frequency Load Sharing

* Not operator configurable

Inter-Frequency Load Sharing

At

call set-up - RRC Connection Establishment for all

RABs

by Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power*

(load on source > 50% and load on target less than
source by a 10 % margin)
The feature is activated in an RNC by setting the
parameter loadSharingRrcEnabled to TRUE
f2
f2 TRUE/FALSE
The attribute loadSharingCandidate
specifies whether the target cell is a load-sharing neighbor
of the source cell
Triggered

f1

f1

f1

f1

Inter-Frequency Load Sharing

(RRC redirection) (Extra Slide)
RNC
Idle
Mode
RRC Connection Request CCCH/RACH
F1
RRC Connection Reject CCCH/FACH
Cell selection
on designated
UTRA carrier
RRC Connection Request CCCH/RACH

F2

RRC Connection Setup CCCH/FACH

Includes Frequency
Info IE

2nd will not be

redirected but may
be successful or
rejected due to
congestion

Directed retry to GSM

Applicable for voice in P3
GSM

Admission
Control

WCDMA

Directed retry to GSM

Directed retry to GSM

At call set-up - RAB Establishment for voice
Triggered by Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power

The feature is activated in an RNC by setting the parameter

loadSharingDirRetryEnabled to TRUE

One GSM target can be defined for each WCDMA cell via the cell
parameter directedRetryTarget

loadSharingGsmThreshold specifies the minimum load at which offloading to GSM begins: ex 80% of pwrAdm

loadSharingGsmFraction specifies the percentage of Directed Retry

candidates to be diverted to GSM while the cell load is above the
specified load threshold

Directed Retry to GSM

UE

RBS/RNC

CN

RAB Assignment Request

Directed Retry
decision to send

RAB Assignment Response (failed, cause=directed retry)

Relocation Required
Contacts GSM
cell and orders
relocation

HO from UTRAN command

Relocation Command

Successful
access to GSM

Iu release Command
Iu release Complete

Voice calls can be relocated to GSM due to high load in WCDMA

If the call is not accepted in GSM - try in WCDMA again!

Load balancing for voice between

WCDMA-GSM

Features
Introduction
& Roadmap

When out of coverage, the

WCDMA voice call is handed
over to GSM

When GSM load reaches a

customizable threshold, voice calls can
be handed over to WCDMA

WCDMA coverage
Dual Mode UE

GSM terminal

GSM coverage
Load based handover to GSM
during call set up, Directed Retry
(P3) to GSM

Channel Switching

Channel Switching

Channel Switching Parameter Summary

Channel Switching

1. Common to Dedicated Evaluation

Monitors if the UE shall be switched from a common to a dedicated transport
channel due to large amount of user data buffered in the RNC or the UE.

2. Dedicated to Dedicated Up-Switch Evaluation

Monitors if the throughput becomes close to the max user bandwidth and switch to
the next higher bitrate radio bearer is required.

2a. Dedicated to Dedicated Coverage triggered Down-Switch Evaluation

Monitors if a switch to a lower rate radio bearer is required due to coverage.

3. Dedicated to Common Evaluation

Monitors if a switch from a Cell_DCH to Cell_FACH is required due to a decrease
in transmitted user data.

4. Common to Idle Evaluation

Monitors if a switch from Cell_FACH to Idle mode is required due to a complete
lack of user data transmission.

Channel Switching

Multi-RAB Down-switch Evaluation

Monitors if a release (or downswitch) of PS I/B RAB shall be initiated due to lack of
PS data throughput (zero), resulting in a single speech 12.2 kbps (or speech + PS
0/0) or CS64 RAB.

Multi-RAB Up-switch Evaluation

Monitors if an upswitch from multi-RAB SP0 to multi-RAB SP64 shall be initiated
due to data buffered in either RNC or UE.

Channel Switching

Future
releases
stand-alone interactive RAB

speech + interactive
RAB

HS

speech
+ 384/HS

384/HS

DCH

64/384
speech
+ 64/HS

128/128

64/HS

speech
+ 64/64

64/128

speech
+ 0/0

64/64

Low/No throughput
Measurement for down
Switch timer period
FACH

Low/No RLC buffer load for

Inactivity timer period

IDLE

PS RAB Establishment

UL throughputbased upswitch

activity/inactivity-based
switching UL and/or DL

coverage-triggered
downswitch (DL only)

DL throughputbased upswitch

choice based on UEand cell-capability

Capacity Management

Admission control workflow

Resource request

* Current
default values
Yes,
then
block

Is admission blocked
by Congestion Control?

No, then
accept

Yes, then block

No

Check if the requested +

estimated # compressed mode RL
>
compModeAdm

15*

75*

No
Yes,
then
block

No

Check if the requested

code usage + estimated code usage
>
dLCodeAdm

70*

Check if the requested

ASE UL + estimated ASE UL
>
aseUlAdm

Only checked if
No
BE-service requests
Check if the requested
Check if the requested
DL SF + estimated DL SF
ASE DL + estimated DL ASE
>
>
No
sfXAdm *
aseDlAdm

No

Yes,
then
SF8adm= 8* block
SF16adm= 16*
SF32adm= 32*

Yes,
then
block

Check if the requested

DL Pwr + estimated Pwr
>
pwrAdm

X = 8 or X = 32
X = 16

240*

160*
Yes,
then
block

Yes,
then
block

Soft Congestion mechanism

New request for ng 64/128, ng 64/64 or g access

Admission Control blocks the new request

An existing ng user of 64/384 will be switched down to 64/128

or an existing ng user of 64/128 will be switched down to 64/64

Spreading Factor (SF) limits

used in Admission Control

8*

* Current default values

16*
32*

ASE release order

Core Network

Iu

Iu

SRNC &
DRNC

SRNC
Iur

over Iu:

over Iur:

1.

Non-guaranteed service
class connections

2.

Non-guaranteed service
class connections

3.

CS/streaming service
class connections

4.

CS /streaming service
class connections

5.

Speech users

6.

Speech users

HSDPA

HSDPA Parameter Summary

Parameter Name

Default Value

HSPATHLOSSTHRESHOLD

170

170

10

10

-20

-20

CQIERRORSABSENT
HSPOWERMARGIN
HSSCCHMAXCODEPOWER
QUEUESELECTALGORITHM
SUPPORTOF16QAM

Initial Setting TELKOMSEL

ROUND_ROBIN
FALSE

ROUND_ROBIN
TRUE

MAXHSRATE

15

30

HSONLYBESTCELL

HSHYSTERESIS1D

10

10

HSQUALITYESTIMATE
HSTIMETOTRIGGER1D

CPICH_RSCP
640

CPICH_RSCP
640

MAXHSRATE

The HSDPA Iub flow control algorithm adjusts the available bit rate over Iub based mainly on the
maximum possible air interface bitrate received from the scheduler, the number of users in a cell
and Iub congestion indications. The RBS uses the parameter maxHsRate to determine the
maximum bit rate to be used for HS-DSCH data frame traffic in one aggregated bit pipe over Iub.

The parameter maxHsRate should be configured for each RBS to represent the maximum MAC-d
PDU bitrate of HS-DSCH data frames, which is available for the AAL2 path or paths carrying
HSDPA traffic to the RBS in question. The parameter may be set to a MAC-d PDU bit rate of 1.5
Mbps (the default value), when one dedicated physical E1 link is used for HSDPA traffic. This
maximum bitrate level is the same as the bitrate expressed by the CAPACITY ALLOCATION
control frames.

As an example, the default value of this parameter has been obtained by multiplying the HSDPA
available ATM bandwidth (excluding IMA overhead), e.g. 1.92 Mbps, with a factor of 0.79. This
factor is dependent on the average number of MAC-d PDUs per HS-DSCH data frame. In this
case, it is based on having 10 MAC-d PDUs (336 bits) per HS-DSCH data frame in average. It
should be noted that assuming a lower number of PDUs per data frame gives a lower factor and
vice versa.

The parameter value of maxHsRate also depends on how the transport network is configured, e.g.
if ATM VC Cross Connect is used or if AAL2 switching is used. It depends on how the ATM VCs
etc are configured, e.g. for HS traffic only, sharing with AAL2 class A and B, several AAL2 paths
for HS etc. Therefore it is recommended to follow the guidelines given by Ericsson regarding
transport network dimensioning before setting a value for this parameter.

16QAM Modulation

The RBS hardware supports both QPSK and 16QAM modulation. However, support of 16QAM is
an optional feature which can be configured on cell level using the parameter supportOf16qam.
The available modulation type impacts the maximum achievable bit rate in the cell,

Maximum Achievable User Bit Rate at the RLC Level As a Function of the UE HS-DSCH Category and Modulation Type