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CHEMISTRY II (FAC0025)
TUTORIAL 3
1.
1
C6 H 6 (l ) C 2 H 2 ( g )
3
210 kJ
1
C 6H6 (l)
3
b) C6H6 (l) 3C2H2 (g)
a) C 2H2 (g)
210kJ
3(210) kJ 630kJ
1 mol CH 3OH
90.7 kJ
c) 16.5 kJ
2 mol H2 2.106g H2
0.733g H2 produced
90.7 kJ
1 mol H2
10.0g CO
3.
1 mol CO 90.7 kJ
Answer:
a.
A spontaneous change, in thermodynamics terms, is one for which the sign of G is
negative. It is a process that occurs by itself, without continued outside assistance.
b.
The entropy of the universe increases when a spontaneous event occurs.
c.
i.
Negative
ii.
Negative
iii.
Positive
iv.
Negative
v.
Positive
4.
Answer:
a. Negative
H 90.0 g
b.
1 mol Ga
5.59 kJ
7.2157 7.22 kJ
69.723 g Ga mol Ga
H
1000 J
1
7.2157 kJ
23.8 J K 1
273.15 29.8 K
T
1kJ
Hfus = 5.59 kJ
5. Given:
H2(g) + F2(g)
2HF(g)
H = -537 kJ
C(s) + 2 F2(g)
CF4(g)
H = -680 kJ
2 C(s) + 2 H2(g)
C2H4(g)
H = +52.3 kJ
2 CF4(g) + 4 HF(g)
Answer:
C2H4(g)
2 C(s) + 4 F2(g)
2 H2(g) + 2 F2(g)
2 C(s) + 2 H2(g)
2 CF4(g)
4 HF(g)
C2H4(g) + 6 F2(g)
2 CF4(g) + 4 HF(g)
H = -52.3 kJ
H = -1360 kJ
H = -1074 kJ
H = -2486 kJ
6. Indicate whether the reactions below are spontaneous or not at 25 oC, given the H and S. If they
are not spontaneous, at what temperature (if any) will they become spontaneous?
a) 2 PbS(s) + 3 O2(g)
2 PbO(s) + 2 SO2(g)
b) 2 POCl3(g)
2 PCl3(g) + O2(g)
Ho = +542 kJ; So = +179 J/K; G = (543 kJ) - (298 K)(0.179 kJ/K) = 489.7 kJ (nonspontaneous)
spon. when G <0,
7.
For a particular reaction, H = 32 kJ and S = 98 J K-1. Assume that H and S do not vary
with temperature.
a. At what temperature will the reaction have G = 0?
b. If T is increased from that in part (a), will the reaction be spontaneous or nonspontaneous?
Answer:
a. G = H - TS; 0 = (-32 kJ) T(-98 J K-1);
T
b. nonspontaneous
32 103 J
326.5 330 K
98 J K 1