HIDALGO, SANTA ANNA AND WAR

1808
Napoleon Bonaparte occupies Spain, deposes the monarchy, and installs
his brother, Joseph, as head of state. The ensuing Peninsular War
between Spain (backed by Britain) and France will lead almost directly to
the Mexican war for independence, as the colonial government in New
Spain falls into disarray and its opponents begin to gain momentum.
September 16, 1810
In the midst of factional struggles within the colonial government, Father
ManuelHidalgo, a priest in the small village of Dolores, issues his famous
call for Mexican independence. El grito de Dolores set off a flurry of
revolutionary action by thousands of natives and mestizos, who banded
together to captureGuanajuato and other major cities west of Mexico City.
Despite its initial success, the Hidalgo rebellion loses steam and is
defeated quickly, and the priest is captured and killed at Chihuahua in
1811. His name lives on in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, however, and
September 16, 1810, is still celebrated as Mexicos Independence Day.
1814
Another priest, Jose Morelos, succeeds Hidalgo as leader of Mexicos
independence movement and proclaims a Mexican republic. He is
defeated by the royalist forces of the mestizo general Agustn de Iturbide,
and the revolutionary banner passes to Vicente Guerrero.
1821
After revolt in Spain ushers in a new era of liberal reforms there,
conservative Mexican leaders begin plans to end the viceregal system
and separate their country from the mother land on their own terms. On
their behalf, Iturbide meets with Guerrero and issues the Plan of Iguala,
by which Mexico would become an independent country ruled as a limited

monarchy, with the Roman Catholic Church as the official state church
and equal rights and upper-class status for the Spanish and mestizo
populations, as opposed to the majority of the population, which was of
Native American or African descent, or mulato (mixed). In August 1821,
the last Spanish viceroy is forced to sign the Treaty of Crdoba, marking
the official beginning of Mexican independence.
1823
Iturbide, who earlier declared himself emperor of the new Mexican state,
is deposed by his former aide, General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna,
who declares a Mexican republic. Guadalupe Victoria becomes Mexicos
first elected president, and during his tenure Iturbide is executed, and a
bitter struggle begins between Centralist, or conservative, and Federalist,
or liberal, elements of the Mexican government that will continue for the
next several decades.
http://www.history.com/topics/mexico/mexico-timeline

http://mexicanhistory.org/timeline.htm

1750-1850Inicio revolucin industrial.Inicia la primera etapa de la revolucin

industrial.

1750Cambio de situacin para el campesino europeo.

Por primera vez, en el siglo XVIII, el campesino europeo, despus de pagar a la Iglesia, al
noble y al rey, queda con sobrante de dinero, que eleva su nivel de vida. Terminan las
grandes hambres, epidemias de peste caractersticas del siglo XVII.
1765Descubrimiento del hidrgeno.
El qumico y fsico britnico, Henry Cavendish descubre el hidrgeno, al que denomina
"aire inflamable" y con ello, determina la composicin de la atmsfera.
1776Declaracin de Independencia de los Estados Unidos
En los Estados Unidos de Amrica es aprobada por delegaciones de las 13
colonias britnicas en el Congreso Continental en Filadelfia, Pensilvania. Las
colonias darn origen a los Estados Unidos.

1781Ejecucin de Tupac Amaru II

Tupac Amaru II, lder de la mayor rebelin indgena anticolonial que se dio en Amrica
durante el siglo XVIII, es ejecutado en la Plaza de Armas del Cuzco, Per.
1789Declaracin de los Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano.
26 de agosto: en Francia, la Asamblea Constituyente aprueba la Declaracin de los
Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano.
1790Romanticismo

Romanticismo inicia a finales del siglo XVIII como una reaccin revolucionaria contra el
racionalismo de la Ilustracin y el Clasicismo, dndole importancia al sentimiento. Su
caracterstica fundamental es la ruptura con la tradicin clasicista basada en un conjunto de
reglas estereotipadas. La libertad autntica es su bsqueda constante, por eso es que su
rasgo revolucionario es incuestionable.
1808Napolen inicia invasin a Espaa
Napolen comienza la invasin a Espaa.
1810Comienza lucha de Independencia de Mxico
16 de Septiembre 1810
El Cura Miguel Hidalgo da el Grito en Dolores para comenzar con la lucha de
independencia de Mxico acompaado de Ignacio Allende.
1812Campaa de Jos Maria Morelos
1812
Jos Maria Morelos toma el mando del ejrcito independiente y hace su campaa en el Sur
del pas.

1821Proclamacin de Mxico como pas independiente

Septiembre 1821
El ejrcito Trigarante hace su entrada triunfal a Mxico, y Mxico es proclamado pas
independiente.